Africa And The Indian Ocean World From Early Times To Circa 1900 (new Approaches To African History)

Cover 1 Half-title 3 Series information 5 Title page 7 Copyright information 8 Dedication 9 Table of contents 11 List of figures 13 List of maps 14 List of tables 15 Acknowledgements 17 1 Introduction 19 Indian Ocean World and Indian Ocean Africa 23 Indian Ocean World 23 Indian Ocean Africa 24 Human-Environment Interaction 26 Human-Environment Interaction and Periodisation 35 Issues 38 2 Africa in the Making of an IOW Global Economy 40 Early Economic Development in IOA 41 Trans-IOW Trade 50 Indian Ocean Africa’s Relations with the Wider IOW 54 3 Indian Ocean Africa in the First Great Upswing in the Indian Ocean World Global Economy, ca 300 bce to ca 300 ce 60 Commodities and Personnel 66 Indian Ocean Africa and the Monsoon Trade Network 68 Egypt 68 Axum 71 The Horn of Africa 73 Azania 78 Coastal-Hinterland Trade 81 4 Economic Instability, ca 300 to ca 900 ce 86 Human-Environment Interaction 88 Indian Ocean Africa 92 Egypt 93 Axum 96 Southern IOA 98 Azanian History Revisited 99 5 The Second Great Boom in the IOW Global Economy ca 850 to 1250 and its Impact in Northern IOA 107 The Upsurge in the IOW Global Economy 107 Islam and the IOW Economy 118 Northern IOA in the Second IOW Economic Upsurge 123 Egypt and the IOW Global Economy 123 Ethiopia and Sudan 126 Islam in Northern IOA 128 6 Southern IOA and the Second Upsurge in the IOW Global Economy 133 Environmental Factors 133 The Swahili Civilisation 134 “Great Zimbabwe” and Intra-Southern IOA Exchange 138 The Malagasy Civilisation 141 7 Uncertainties and European Intrusion: The IOW Global Economy, 1300 to 1830 152 Human-Environmental Context in the Greater IOW, 1300 to 1500 152 IOA and the Environment, 1300 to 1500 156 Northern IOA 156 Southern IOA 159 European Impact, 1500 to 1800 161 The Environmental Context 163 European Impact 165 Mercantile Structures and Exchange 169 Indian Ocean World Commercial Networks 172 8 The European Impact in Indian Ocean Africa, 1500 to 1830 176 Environmental Factors in Indian Ocean Africa 176 Egypt 177 Ethiopia 178 Southern IOA 179 European Impact in IOA 181 IOA Economies 184 Northern IOA 185 Eastern and Southern IOA 188 9 The International Economy and Indian Ocean Africa 194 The Environment 197 IOA in the Long Nineteenth Century 202 Environment 202 Commercial Networks 203 Northeast Africa 203 East Africa and Madagascar 207 The Expansion of the Indian IOA Commercial Network 212 10 Indigenous Modernisation in Indian Ocean Africa: Egypt, Imerina, and Ethiopia 217 Education 217 The Industrial Experiment 219 Transport and Communication 227 Secondary Imperialism 230 Consequences 235 Forced Labour 236 Resistance 240 The Economic Fallout 243 11 The Scramble for Indian Ocean Africa 249 Developments in Europe 249 Crisis of Indigenous Aristocracy 253 Climate and Natural Disasters 263 12 Africa and Slavery in the Indian Ocean World 273 The Context: Slavery Studies 273 IOW Bondage Reassessed 274 Nature of Bondage 276 Race in IOW Slavery 278 IOA and the Slave Trade 280 The Zanj Revolt 282 Enslavement in Highland Madagascar and the Swahili Slave Trade, 1500 to 1750 286 Servitude in Nineteenth-Century Indian Ocean Africa 291 References 299 Index 311 The history of Africa's historical relationship with the rest of the Indian Ocean world is one of a vibrant exchange that included commodities, people, flora and fauna, ideas, technologies and disease. This connection with the rest of the Indian Ocean world, a macro-region running from Eastern Africa, through the Middle East, South and Southeast Asia to East Asia, was also one heavily influenced by environmental factors. In presenting this rich and varied history, Gwyn Campbell argues that human-environment interaction, more than great men, state formation, or imperial expansion, was the central dynamic in the history of the Indian Ocean world (IOW). Environmental factors, notably the monsoon system of winds and currents, helped lay the basis for the emergence of a sophisticated and durable IOW 'global economy' around 1,500 years before the so-called European 'Voyages of Discovery'. Through his focus on human-environment interaction as the dynamic factor underpinning historical developments, Campbell radically challenges Eurocentric paradigms, and lays the foundations for a new interpretation of IOW history Through the lens of human-environment interaction, Gwyn Campbell studies Africa's relations with the Indian Ocean world (IOW) from early times up to 1900. In so doing, Campbell radically challenges Eurocentric temporal, spatial and thematic paradigms, and lays the foundations for a new historical interpretation of the IOW.