Afghanistan: Identity, Society and Politics Since 1980 (Library of Modern Middle East Studies Book 165)

"Over the last three decades Afghanistan has been plagued by crisis - from Soviet invasion in 1979 and Taliban rule to US invasion following the events of 9/11. Here the top specialists on Afghanistan, including Olivier Roy, Ahmad Rashid and Jonathan Goodhand, provide a unique overview of the evolution, causes and future of the Afghan crisis. Covering political and military events and examining the role of ethnic groups, religious and ideological factors and the role of the leaders and war chiefs of the period - from the anti-Soviet resistance to the presidency of Hamid Karzai - this book will prove essential reading to all interested in Afghanistan and the wider Middle East region. Examining recent events in the light of the country's economy, Afghan civil society, cultural heritage and state reconstruction attempts, this is a comprehensive and diverse look at a country whose recent history has been marked by internal conflicts and foreign intervention--Bloomsbury Publishing." Pt.i. The Pdpa Regime, 1978-89. The Bridge On The Amu Darya / Micheline Centilvres-demont ; All Roads Lead To Rome / Aziz Zekrya ; The Geopolitical Stakes From The Soviet Point Of View / Michel Foucher ; Pakistan On The Frontline / Jean-christopher Victor ; The Land Reform Of 1979 And Its Aftermath / Erwin Grötzbach ; The Kabul Government Institutions / Chantal Lobato ; What Is Becoming Of The Kyrgyz In Turkey? / Rémy Dor ; The Afghan Situation In Summer 1987 / Olivier Roy ; Towards A Soviet Withdrawal? / Olivier Roy ; Afghan Women Today / Pierre Centlivres And Micheline Centilvres-demont ; Pakistan And The Afghan Issue / Mushahid Hussain ; Afghanistan: An American View / Selig S. Harrison ; The Political Reconstruction Of Afghanistan: The Hazaras A Hundred Years After Abdur Rahman / Rolf Bindemann ; The Russians Ready To Intervene In Afghanistan At France's Request: A Century Ago / Pierre Centlivres -- Pt.ii. The Mujahedeen Moment, 1990-95. Finding A Political Solution: Rejection Or Participation / Jean-josé Puig ; Pakistan's Afghan Policy: No Light At The End Of The Tunnel / Mushahid Hussain ; Afghanistan And The Arab World / Arnold Hottinger ; Consociationalism And The Afghan Political Order / William Maley ; The Reconstitution Of The Afghan State / William Maley ; Afghan Women View The Future / Nancy Hatch Dupree ; Herat: A Model And An Opportunity For Afghanistan / Bernard Dupaigne ; Reflections On The Political Development Since The Fall Of The Pdpa Regime / Asta Olesen ; From Pashtunistan To Central Asia: Pakistan's Afghan Policy / Frédéric Grare ; The Instability Of Power / Barnett R. Rubin ; Ethnicity Cannot Be The Basis For A Common Policy: The Hazara Failure In The Struggle For Afghanistan / Rolf Bindemann ; Some Reflections On The Pashtunistan Problem / Sayyid Qasim Reshtya -- Pt.iii. Afghanistan Under The Taliban, 1996-2001. Regional Impact Of The Taliban Breakthrough / Olivier Roy ; The Taliban: Fundamentalist, Traditionalist Or Totalitarian? / William Maley ; The Kabul Museum Under The Taliban / Nancy Hatch Dupree ; Greater Afghanistan: A Missed Chance? / Ludwig Adamec ; The End Of Us Policy Towards Afghanistan? / Barnett R. Rubin ; The Taliban: The New Forces Of Law And Order In Afghanistan /citha D. Maass ; The Taliban: Revolutionary Dynamic And Regional Environment / Gilles Dorronsoro ; The Impact Of The Taliban On The Afghan Economy / Peter Marsden ; The Culture Of Music In The Afghan Transnational Community / John Baily ; Afghanistan's War Economy And Global Reach / Ahmed Rashid ; Farewell To The Buddhas Of Bamiyan / Pierre Centlivres -- Pt.iv. Afghanistan After The Taliban / Olivier Roy ; Ethnicity And Politics In Afghanistan: The Role Played By Setam-e Melli / Antonio Giustozzi ; Ahmad Shah Massoud: The Man Behind The Legend / Christophe De Ponfilly ; Reconstituting State Power In Afghanistan / William Maley ; A Bad Start To Reconstruction / Gilbert Étienne ; Letter To A Father: Bashfulness And Emotion In The Midst Of Migration / Alessandro Monsutti ; Agriculture In Afghanistan: A Contribution To A Better Understanding / Raphy Favre ; Afghanistan And Pakistan / Ahmed Rashid ; The New Afghan Constitution / Micheline Centilvres-demont ; What Went Wrong? Humanitarianism In Crisis In Afghanistan / Antonio Donini ; Five Theses On The Structural Instability Of Afghanistan / Conrad Schetter ; Founding A New Islamic State In Afghanistan / J.p. Singh Uberoi ; Making A Presidential System Work / William Maley ; The Uzbeks Of Afghanistan Since The End Of The Taliban Rule / Ingeborg Baldauf ; How Many Nomads Are There In Afghanistan? / Bernt Glatzer ; Campaign Harvests: Media Coverage Of The Presidential Elections Of October 2004 / Hamida Aman ; Buzkashi Then And Now / G. Whitney Azoy ; Processes Of Political Ethnicization In Today's Afghanistan / Antonio Giustozzi ; Order And Justice In Afghanistan: Some Reflections On The Problem Of Amnesty / William Maley -- Pt.v. An Evolving Future. The Afghan Roots Of The Neo-taliban Movement / Antonio Giustozzi ; Soviets And Westerners In Afghanistan: What Elements Of Continuity? / Gilles Dorronsoro ; Ngos And Afghanistan: New Challenges, Old Dilemmas / Jonathan Goodhand ; State Administration And Local Power Brokers In Afghanistan's Provinces / Antonio Giustozzi ; Afghanistan And The Global Failure Of Counter-narcotics / Pierre-arnaud Chouvy ; President Obama And The Future Of Us Policy In Afghanistan / M. Nazif Shahrani ; A Muted Voice? Religious Actors And Civil Society In Post-2001 Afghanistan / Kristian Berg Harpviken And Kaja Borchgrevink ; Defending Urban Heritage / Jolyon Leslie ; The Hazaras In Afghanistan: Origins And Linguistic Evidence / Abdul Ghafur Rawan Farhadi ; The Future Of The Afghan National Army: Problems And Reforms / Antonio Giustozzi ; Afghan Cultural Heritage As Seen By The Afghans / Nancy Hatch Dupree ; Will The Us Achieve A Permanent Military Presence In Afghanistan? / Peter Marsden ; Afghanistan 2011: An Archipelago Of Sovereignties / Alessandro Monsutti ; Negotiating With The Taliban / William Maley ; Towards A New Civil War? Western Withdrawal And The Dynamics Of Regionalization / Gilles Dorronsoro ; Young Afghanistani Refugees In Iran: Professional Training, Work And Perspectives / Khadija Abbasi ; China And Afghanistan: A New Phase? / William Maley ; Afghanistan 2014: Another Excuse For Yet More Disaster? / Edward Girardet. Edited By Micheline Centilvres-demont ; Introduction By Olivier Roy. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Cover 1 Title page 4 Copyright page 5 Table of Contents 6 Preface 12 Introduction 16 Map of Afghanistan 24 Part I. The Pdpa Regime, 1978–89 26 1. The Bridge on the Amu Darya 28 2. All Roads Lead to Rome 30 3. The Geopolitical Stakes from the Soviet Point of View 32 4. Pakistan on the Frontline 35 5. The Land Reform of 1979 and Its Aftermath 40 6. The Kabul Government Institutions 44 7. What Is Becoming of the Kyrgyz in Turkey? 47 8. The Afghan Situation in Summer 1987 49 9. Towards a Soviet Withdrawal? 52 10. Afghan Women Today 56 11. Pakistan and the Afghan Issue 61 12. Afghanistan: An American View 63 13. The Political Reconstruction of Afghanistan: The Hazaras a Hundred Years after Abdur Rahman 66 14. The Russians Ready to Intervene in Afghanistan at France’s Request: A Century Ago 72 Part II. The Mujahedeen Moment, 1990–95 74 15. Finding a Political Solution: Rejection or Participation 76 16. Pakistan’s Afghan Policy: No Light at the End of the Tunnel Mushahid Hussain 80 17. Afghanistan and the Arab World 84 18. Consociationalism and Afghan Political Order 87 19. The Reconstitution of the Afghan State 92 20. Afghan Women View the Future 96 21. Herat: A Model and an Opportunity for Afghanistan 99 22. Reflections on the Political Development since the Fall of the PDPA Regime 104 23. From Pashtunistan to Central Asia: Pakistan’s Afghan Policy 108 24. The Instability of Power 110 25. Ethnicity Cannot Be the Basis for a Common Policy: The Hazara Failure in the Struggle for Afghanistan 113 26. Some Reflections on the Pashtunistan Problem 117 Part III. Afghanistan Under The Taliban, 1996–2001 120 27. Regional Impact of the Taliban Breakthrough 122 28. The Taliban: Fundamentalist, Traditionalist or Totalitarian? 126 29. The Kabul Museum under the Taliban 130 30. Greater Afghanistan: A Missed Chance? 133 31. The End of US Policy Towards Afghanistan? 138 32. The Taliban: The New Forces of Law and Order in Afghanistan 145 33. The Taliban: Revolutionary Dynamic and Regional Environment 149 34. The Impact of the Taliban on the Afghan Economy 153 35. The Culture of Music in the Afghan Transnational Community 158 36. Afghanistan’s War Economy and Global Reach 162 37. Farewell to the Buddhas of Bamiyan 166 Part IV. After The Taliban 170 38. Afghanistan after the Taliban 172 39. Ethnicity and Politics in Afghanistan: The Role Played by Setam-e melli 176 40. Ahmad Shah Massoud: The Man Behind the Legend 179 41. Reconstituting State Power in Afghanistan 181 42. A Bad Start to Reconstruction 186 43. Letter to a Father: Bashfulness and Emotion in the Midst of Migration 189 44. Agriculture in Afghanistan: A Contribution to a Better Understanding 192 45. Afghanistan and Pakistan 196 46. The New Afghan Constitution 200 47. What Went Wrong? Humanitarianism in Crisis in Afghanistan 203 48. Five Theses on the Structural Instability of Afghanistan 206 49. Founding a New Islamic State in Afghanistan 209 50. Making a Presidential System Work 213 51. The Uzbeks of Afghanistan since the End of Taliban Rule 217 52. How Many Nomads Are There in Afghanistan? 222 53. Campaign Harvests: Media Coverage of the Presidential Elections of October 2004 227 54. Buzkashi Then and Now 231 55. Processes of Political Ethnicization in Today’s Afghanistan 236 56. Order and Justice in Afghanistan: Some Reflections on the Problem of Amnesty 240 Part V. An Evolving Future 244 57. The Afghan Roots of the Neo-Taliban Movement 246 58. Soviets and Westerners in Afghanistan: What Elements of Continuity? 249 59. NGOs and Afghanistan: New Challenges, Old Dilemmas 253 60. State Administration and Local Power Brokers in Afghanistan’s Provinces 259 61. Afghanistan and the Global Failure of Counter-Narcotics 262 62. President Obama and the Future of US Policy in Afghanistan 266 63. A Muted Voice? Religious Actors and Civil Society in Post-2001 Afghanistan 270 64. Defending Urban Heritage 273 65. The Hazaras in Afghanistan: Origins and Linguistic Evidence 276 66. The Future of the Afghan National Army: Problems and Reforms 281 67. Afghan Cultural Heritage as Seen by the Afghans 284 68. Will the US Achieve a Permanent Military Presence in Afghanistan? 287 69. Afghanistan 2011: An Archipelago of Sovereignties 290 70. Negotiating with the Taliban 293 71. Towards a New Civil War? Western Withdrawal and the Dynamics of Regionalization 297 72. Young Afghanistani Refugees in Iran: Professional Training, Work and Perspectives 300 73. China and Afghanistan: A New Phase? 304 74. Afghanistan 2014: Another Excuse for Yet More Disaster? 308 Main Afghan Mujahedeen Parties 314 Chronology 316 List of Acronyms 324 List of Contributors 328 Index 334 2e de couv.: Over the last three decades Afghanistan has been plagued by crisis - from Soviet invasion in 1979 and Taliban rule to US invasion following the events of 9/11. Here the top specialists on Afghanistan, including Olivier Roy, Ahmad Rashid and Jonathan Goodhand, provide a unique overview of the evolution, causes and future of the Afghan crisis. Covering political and military events and examining the role of ethnic groups, religious and ideological factors and the role of the leaders and war chiefs of the period - from the anti-Soviet resistance to the presidency of Hamid Karzai - this book will prove essential reading to all interested in Afghanistan and the wider Middle East region. Examining recent events in the light of the country's economy, Afghan civil society, cultural heritage and state reconstruction attempts, this is a comprehensive and diverse look at a country whose recent history has been marked by internal conflicts and foreign intervention