Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics Book 36)

A major history of Afghanistan and its changing political culture Afghanistan traces the historic struggles and the changing nature of political authority in this volatile region of the world, from the Mughal Empire in the sixteenth century to the Taliban resurgence today. Thomas Barfield introduces readers to the bewildering diversity of tribal and ethnic groups in Afghanistan, explaining what unites them as Afghans despite the regional, cultural, and political differences that divide them. He shows how governing these peoples was relatively easy when power was concentrated in a small dynastic elite, but how this delicate political order broke down in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when Afghanistan's rulers mobilized rural militias to expel first the British and later the Soviets. Armed insurgency proved remarkably successful against the foreign occupiers, but it also undermined the Afghan government's authority and rendered the country ever more difficult to govern as time passed. Barfield vividly describes how Afghanistan's armed factions plunged the country into a civil war, giving rise to clerical rule by the Taliban and Afghanistan's isolation from the world. He examines why the American invasion in the wake of September 11 toppled the Taliban so quickly, and how this easy victory lulled the United States into falsely believing that a viable state could be built just as easily. Afghanistan is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how a land conquered and ruled by foreign dynasties for more than a thousand years became the "graveyard of empires" for the British and Soviets, and what the United States must do to avoid a similar fate. This Work Traces The Historic Struggles And The Changing Nature Of Political Authority In This Volatile Region Of The World, From The Mughal Empire In The Sixteenth Century To The Taliban Resurgence Today. The Author Introduces Readers To The Bewildering Diversity Of Tribal And Ethnic Groups In Afghanistan, Explaining What Unites Them As Afghans Despite The Regional, Cultural, And Political Differences That Divide Them. He Shows How Governing These Peoples Was Relatively Easy When Power Was Concentrated In A Small Dynastic Elite, But How This Delicate Political Order Broke Down In The Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries When Afghanistan's Rulers Mobilized Rural Militias To Expel First The British And Later The Soviets. Armed Insurgency Proved Remarkably Successful Against The Foreign Occupiers, But It Also Undermined The Afghan Government's Authority And Rendered The Country Ever More Difficult To Govern As Time Passed. He Describes How Afghanistan's Armed Factions Plunged The Country Into A Civil War, Giving Rise To Clerical Rule By The Taliban And Afghanistan's Isolation From The World. He Examines Why The American Invasion In The Wake Of September 11 Toppled The Taliban So Quickly, And How This Easy Victory Lulled The United States Into Falsely Believing That A Viable State Could Be Built Just As Easily. This Book Helps The Reader Understand How A Land Conquered And Ruled By Foreign Dynasties For More Than A Thousand Years Became The Graveyard Of Empires For The British And Soviets, And What The United States Must Do To Avoid A Similar Fate. People And Places -- Conquering And Ruling Pre-modern Afghanistan -- Anglo-afghan Wars And State Building In Afghanistan -- Afghanistan In The Twentieth Century : State And Society In Conflict -- Afghanistan Enters The Twenty-first Century -- Some Conclusions. Thomas Barfield. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This book traces the historic struggles and the changing nature of political authority in this volatile region of the world—Afghanistan—from the Mughal Empire in the sixteenth century to the Taliban resurgence today. The book introduces readers to the bewildering diversity of tribal and ethnic groups in Afghanistan, explaining what unites them as Afghans despite the regional, cultural, and political differences that divide them. It shows how governing these peoples was relatively easy when power was concentrated in a small dynastic elite, but how this delicate political order broke down in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries when Afghanistan's rulers mobilized rural militias to expel first the British and later the Soviets. Armed insurgency proved remarkably successful against the foreign occupiers, but it also undermined the Afghan government's authority and rendered the country ever more difficult to govern as time passed. The book vividly describes how Afghanistan's armed factions plunged the country into a civil war, giving rise to clerical rule by the Taliban and Afghanistan's isolation from the world. It examines why the American invasion in the wake of September 11 toppled the Taliban so quickly, and how this easy victory lulled the United States into falsely believing that a viable state could be built just as easily. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how a land conquered and ruled by foreign dynasties for more than a thousand years became the “graveyard of empires” for the British and Soviets, and what the United States must do to avoid a similar fate. CONTENTS List of Illustrations Preface Introduction Chapter one. People and Places Chapter two. Conquering and Ruling Premodern Afghanistan Chapter three. Anglo-Afghan Wars and State Building in Afghanistan Chapter four. Afghanistan in the Twentieth Century: State and Society in Conflict Chapter five. Afghanistan Enters the Twenty-first Century Chapter six. Some Conclusions Notes References Index