مشاوره به رؤسای جنگ: دوره‌ای درمانی در هنر دولت‌داری

“War presidents” are hardly exceptional in modern American history. To a greater or lesser extent, every president since Wilson has been a War President. Each has committed our country to the pursuit of peace, yet involved us in a seemingly endless series of wars—conflicts that the American foreign policy establishment has generally made worse. The chief reason, argues Angelo Codevilla in Advice to War Presidents, is that America’s leaders have habitually imagined the world as they wished it to be rather than as it is: They acted under the assumptions that war is not a normal tool of statecraft but a curable disease, and that all the world’s peoples wish to live as Americans do. As a result, our leaders have committed America to the grandest of ends while constantly subverting their own goals. Employing many negative examples from the Bush II administration but also ranging widely over the last century, Advice to War Presidents offers a primer on the unchanging principles of foreign policy. Codevilla explains the essentials—focusing on realities such as diplomacy, alliances, war, economic statecraft, intelligence, and prestige, rather than on meaningless phrases like “international community,” “peacekeeping” and “collective security.” Not a realist, neoconservative, or a liberal internationalist, Codevilla follows an older tradition: that of historians like Thucydides, Herodotus, and Winston Churchill—writers who analyzed international affairs without imposing false categories. Advice to War Presidents is an effort to talk our future presidents down from their rhetorical highs and get them to practice statecraft rather than wishful thinking, lest they give us further violence. 'War presidents'are hardly exceptional in modern American history. To a greater or lesser extent, every president since Wilson has been a War President. Each has committed our country to the pursuit of peace, yet involved us in a seemingly endless series of wars -- conflicts that the American foreign policy establishment has generally made worse. The chief reason, argues Angelo Codevilla in Advice to War Presidents, is that America's leaders have habitually imagined the world as they wished it to be rather than as it is: They acted under the assumptions that war is not a normal tool of statecraft but a curable disease, and that all the world's peoples wish to live as Americans do. As a result, our leaders have committed America to the grandest of ends while constantly subverting their own goals. Employing many negative examples from the Bush II administration but also ranging widely over the last century, Advice to War Presidents offers a primer on the unchanging principles of foreign policy. Codevilla explains the essentials -- focusing on realities such as diplomacy, alliances, war, economic statecraft, intelligence, and prestige, rather than on meaningless phrases like'international community,''peacekeeping'and'collective security.'Not a realist, neoconservative, or a liberal internationalist, Codevilla follows an older tradition: that of historians like Thucydides, Herodotus, and Winston Churchill -- writers who analyzed international affairs without imposing false categories.Advice to War Presidents is an effort to talk our future presidents down from their rhetorical highs and get them to practice statecraft rather than wishful thinking, lest they give us further violence. Of Woodrow Wilson's Successors, Only The First Three Escaped The Role Of War President. While These Leaders Have Committed America To The Pursuit Of Peace, They Have Involved Us In Seemingly Endless Wars. The American Foreign Policy Establishment's Several Schools Have Jointly Misguided Our Presidents With Myths That Have Worsened These Conflicts: That Foreign Peoples Always Share American Ideals; That Peace Is Simply The Absence Of Conflict Rather Than The Tenuous Result Of Victories; That Diplomacy Is A Substitute For Force; And That Wealth Is Everyone's Overriding Goal. Our Establishment's Very Language Obscures Reality. The Result Is That Even As American Forces Win Battle After Battle, We Leave Ourselves And The World Less Secure. In Advice To War Presidents, Boston University Professor Angelo M. Codevilla Offers A Primer On The Essential Principles Of International Relations. Drawing On The Ancient Wisdom Of Figures Such As Thucydides And Herodotus As Well As Modern Leaders Such As Winston Churchill, Codevilla Argues That America Has Ignored These Principles To The Nation's Peril.--jacket. Preface -- Introduction: A Remedial Primer -- Use The Dictionary -- Watch Your Axioms -- Ideas Have Consequences -- Diplomacy: Medium, Not Message -- Power Makes Money -- Wars Are For Winning -- Use Intelligence, Not Intelligence -- Security For Our Side -- Keep It Simple. Angelo M. Codevilla. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 281-300) And Index. Contents......Page 10 Preface......Page 12 Introduction: A Remedial Primer......Page 20 1. Use the Dictionary......Page 24 2. Watch Your Axioms......Page 46 3. Ideas Have Consequences......Page 64 4. Diplomacy: Medium, Not Message......Page 94 5. Power Makes Money......Page 130 6. Wars Are for Winning......Page 164 7. Use Intelligence, Not Intelligence......Page 210 8. Security for Our Side......Page 248 9. Keep It Simple......Page 282 Notes......Page 300 A......Page 320 C......Page 321 E......Page 323 G......Page 324 H......Page 325 I......Page 326 L......Page 327 M......Page 328 O......Page 329 P......Page 330 S......Page 331 T......Page 332 U......Page 333 W......Page 334 Z......Page 335 It is sad to say that in the past century, the majority of the time America has been at war with something. "Advice to War Presidents: A Remedial Course in Statecraft" is a discussion of the presidency and war, and how the majority of the modern presidents have presided over a war of some sort. Using Woodrow Wilson and World War I as starting points, author Angelo M. Codevilla goes through history drawing the lines and discussing the success and follies of the country. "Advice to War Presidents" is educational, interesting, and highly recommended. Contents 10 Preface 12 Introduction: A Remedial Primer 20 1. Use the Dictionary 24 2. Watch Your Axioms 46 3. Ideas Have Consequences 64 4. Diplomacy: Medium, Not Message 94 5. Power Makes Money 130 6. Wars Are for Winning 164 7. Use Intelligence, Not Intelligence 210 8. Security for Our Side 248 9. Keep It Simple 282 Notes 300 Index 320 A 320 B 321 C 321 D 323 E 323 F 324 G 324 H 325 I 326 J 327 K 327 L 327 M 328 N 329 O 329 P 330 Q 331 R 331 S 331 T 332 U 333 V 334 W 334 Y 335 Z 335 From a distinguished conservative scholar, a call to reverse a century of wrong-headed foreign policy.