Advances in the Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist (Nato Science Series A:, 256)

William P. Cooney III, R. A. Berger, and K. N. An Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN 55905, U. S. A. As surgeons struggle to find new insights into the complex diseases and deformities that involve the wrist and hand, new insights are being provided by applied anatomy, physiology and biomechanics to these important areas. Indeed, a fresh new interaction of disciplines has immersed in which anatomists, bioengineers and surgeons examine together basic functions and principles that can provide a strong foundation for future growth. Clinical interest in the hand and wrist are now at a peak on an international level. Economic implications of disability affecting the hand and wrist are recognized that have international scope crossing oceans, cultures, languages and political philosophies. As with any struggle, a common ground for understanding is essential. NATO conferences such as this symposium on Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist provides such a basis upon which to build discernment of fundamental postulates. As a start, basic research directed at studies of anatomy, pathology and pathophysiology and mechanical modeling is essential. To take these important steps further forward, funding from government and industry are needed to consider fundamental principles within the material sciences, biomechanical disciplines, applied anatomy and physiology and concepts of engineering modeling that have been applied to other areas of the musculoskeletal system. Front Matter....Pages i-xii The NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Advances in the Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist, Genval (Belgium), May 1992....Pages 1-6 Front Matter....Pages 7-7 The Anatomic, Constraint and Material Properties of the Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament: A Preliminary Study....Pages 9-16 Effect of Repetitive Loading on the Wrist of Young Rabbits....Pages 17-23 Cementless Total Trapezio-Metacarpal Prosthesis Principle of Anchorage....Pages 25-30 Passive Force-Length Properties of Cadaveric Human Forearm Musculature....Pages 31-40 The Mechanical Properties of Finger Flexor Tendons and Development of Stronger Tendon Suturing Techniques....Pages 41-57 Biomechanics of Flexor Pulley Reconstruction....Pages 59-67 Deep Ligaments of the Interphalangeal Joint of the Thumb....Pages 69-84 Anatomy of the Palmar Plates: Comparative Morphology and Motion Characteristics....Pages 85-92 Front Matter....Pages 93-93 On a Model of the Upper Extremity....Pages 95-106 A Model of Human Hand Dynamics....Pages 107-122 Biomechanical Analysis of the Wrist Joint in Ergonomical Aspects....Pages 123-135 Contact Pressures within Wrist Joints....Pages 137-151 Joint Contact Pressures within the Normal Wrist: Experimental Versus Analytical Studies....Pages 153-157 Stress Analysis of the Radiocarpal Joint from a Determination of the Subchondral Mineralisation Pattern....Pages 159-165 Force Transmission Through the Proximal Carpal Row....Pages 167-176 Quantitative Functional Anatomy of Finger Muscles: Application to Controlled Grasp....Pages 177-188 Anatomic Forms of Male and Female Carpometacarpal Joints....Pages 189-195 Finger Mathematical Modeling and Rehabilitation....Pages 197-223 Force Analysis of the Thumb....Pages 225-235 Front Matter....Pages 93-93 Stress Analysis of PIP Joints using the Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method....Pages 237-244 Front Matter....Pages 245-245 Normal and Abnormal Carpal Kinematics....Pages 247-253 Functional Anatomy of the Carpus in Flexion and Extension and in Radial and Ulnar Deviations: An In Vivo Two- and Three-Dimensional CT Study....Pages 255-270 Role of the Wrist Ligaments with Respect to Carpal Kinematics and Carpal Mechanism....Pages 271-280 Kinematic Geometry of the Wrist: Preliminary Report....Pages 281-287 A Computergraphics Model of the Wrist Joint: Design and Application....Pages 289-303 The Study of the Biomechanics of Wrist Movements in an Oblique Plane — A Preliminary Report....Pages 305-311 The Envelope of Active Wrist Circumduction. An In Vivo Electrogoniometric Study....Pages 313-328 Wrist Range of Motion in Activities of Daily Living....Pages 329-334 Changes in the TFCC Articular Disk during Forearm Rotation: A Study of Configuration and Surface Strains....Pages 335-343 The Role of the Scapho — Trapezial — Trapezoidal Ligament Complex on Scaphoid Kinematics....Pages 345-361 Three-Dimensional In-Vivo Kinematic Analysis of Finger Movement....Pages 363-375 Three-Dimensional Four Variables Plot for the Study of the Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joint Kinematics....Pages 377-382 Biomechanical Examination of Postoperative Flexor Tendon Adhesions in Rabbit Digits....Pages 383-391 Front Matter....Pages 393-393 Aspects of the Biomechanics of Fracture Fixation....Pages 395-400 Dislocation and Instability of the Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint....Pages 401-426 Kinematic Dysfunction of the Distal Radioulnar Joint after Distal Radial Fractures....Pages 427-429 Distal Radius Fractures: Evaluation of Instability and Therapeutic Approach....Pages 431-439 Geometric Analysis of Opening-Closing Wedge Corrective Osteotomy of the Distal Radius after Malunited Fracture....Pages 441-449 Scaphoid and Periscaphoid Injuries: Mathematical Pattern....Pages 451-456 Front Matter....Pages 393-393 In Vivo Load-Displacement Behavior of the Carpal Scaphoid Ligament Complex: Initial Measurements, Time-Dependence, and Repeatability....Pages 457-463 The Use of Cine-Computed Tomography to Investigate Carpal Kinematics....Pages 465-473 Surgical Treatment with External Fixator for Posttraumatic Carpal Instability....Pages 475-485 X-Ray Stereophotogrammetric Examinations of Flexor Tendon Excursion in the Tendon Sheath Area after Tendon Repair....Pages 487-497 Evamain: Computerised System for the Evaluation of the Hand....Pages 499-510 Back Matter....Pages 511-522