Advances in Photosynthesis Research : Proceedings of the VIth International Congress on Photosynthesis, Brussels, Belgium, August 1–6, 1983 Volume 3

The Sixth International Congress on Photosynthesis took place from 1 to 6 August 1983, on the Campus of the "Vrije Universiteit Brussel", in Brussels, Belgium. These Proceedings contain most of the scientific contributions offered during the Congress. The Brussels Congress was the largest thus far held in the series of International Congresses on Photosynthesis. It counted over 1100 active participants. The organizers tried to minimize the disadvantages of such a large size by making maximum use of the facili­ ties available on a university campus. Most contributions were offered in the form of posters which were displayed in a substantial number of classrooms. The discussion sessions, twice a day, four or five in parallel, took place in lecture rooms in the very vicinity of these classrooms. In this way it was attempted to generate the atmosphere of a small meeting. The unity of the subject Photosynthesis was preserved in the ten plenary lectures, organ1sed in such a way that a general overview of two diverse topics was given every day. In addition, there were the five times four parallel symposia dealing with some six­ teen general topics. Every editor of proceedings of a congress is faced with the problem of editing and arranging the contributions, a problem compounded by the wide diversity and the large number of the 753 manuscripts. Front Matter....Pages I-XXXI Molecular Organization of Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes....Pages 1-10 Orientation of Photosynthetic Pigments in vivo: Structural and Functional Aspects....Pages 11-17 Comparative Photochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Thylakoids, Stromal Lamellae, Inside-in and Inside-out Vesicles (Granal and Randomized)....Pages 19-22 Structural Relations between Endoplasmic Reticulum/Plastid Envelope and Protein Import....Pages 23-26 Preparation and Characterization of Membrane Fractions Enriched in Outer and Inner Envelope Membranes from Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 27-30 Isolation and Characterization of Outer and Inner Chloroplast Envelope Membranes of Spinacia Oleracea ....Pages 31-34 Temperature-induced Changes in the Structure and Function of Pea Chloroplasts and their Relation to Chloroplast Membrane Organisation....Pages 35-38 Composition and Functions of Chloroplast and Thylakoid Membranes Affected by Digitonin and Glutaraldehyde....Pages 39-42 In situ Separation of Pigment Systems Using Iudicious Alterations of the Thylakoid Membrane....Pages 43-46 Two Mechanisms of Freeze-thaw Inactivation of Thylakoid Membranes....Pages 47-50 Relationship between Thylakoid Membrane Fluidity and the Kinetics of Salt Induced Fluorescence Changes: a Spin Label Study....Pages 51-54 Transverse and Lateral Heterogeneity in Membrane Fluidity in Thylakoids, Galactolipid Vesicles, and an Oxygen evolving Photosystem II Preparation....Pages 55-58 Complexity and Entropy Changes in the Photosynthetic Apparatus during Floral Induction of Spinach Plants....Pages 59-62 All-granal Chloroplasts of Apple-fruit....Pages 63-66 Selective Thylakoid Protein Damage and Repair during Photoinhibition....Pages 67-70 Electron Transfer Reactions Involving Plastoquinone in Stacked and Unstacked Thylakoids....Pages 71-74 Increased Stacking Capacity by Modified Thylakoid Surfaces....Pages 75-78 Light Scattering, Fluorescence Yield and Membrane Stacking Changes due to Divalent Cation Removal from Stacked Thylakoids....Pages 79-82 Electron Transport, Photophosphorylation and Thylakoid Stacking....Pages 83-86 Changes in the Absorbance of Chlorophylls and Fluorescence of Atebrin in Senescing Chloroplasts....Pages 87-90 Lateral Heterogeneity of Proteins and Lipids in the Thylakoid Membrane and Implications for Electron Transport....Pages 91-98 Chlorophyll-protein Complexes of Higher Plants: Protein Phosphorylation and Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies....Pages 99-106 The Effect of Polar Thylakoid Lipids on Oxygen Evolution....Pages 107-110 The Role of Acyl Lipids in the Function and Molecular Organisation of Photosynthetic Membranes....Pages 111-114 Studies on the Distribution of Galactolipids across the Thylakoid Membrane Using Thylakoid Vesicles of Normal and Everted Sidedness....Pages 115-118 Changes in Chlorophyll-protein Complexes of Bean Galactolipase-or Phospholipase A 2 , C and D-Treated Thylakoid Membranes....Pages 119-121 Lipid-protein Interactions in the Thylakoid Membranes of Higher Plant Chloroplasts....Pages 123-130 The Lipid Phase of Photosynthetic Membranes....Pages 131-138 Chlorobium Aminolipid: a new Membrane Lipid from Green Sulfur Bacteria....Pages 139-142 Mode of Organization of Galactolipids: a Conformational Analysis....Pages 143-146 Regulation of the Galactolipid Synthesis in Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 147-150 Serological Investigations on the Function of Phospholipids in the Thylakoid Membrane....Pages 151-154 Turnover of Galactolipids Incorporated into Chloroplast Envelopes....Pages 155-158 Lateral Heterogeneity of Polar Lipids in the Thylakoid Membranes of Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 159-162 Time Resolved Anisotropy Decay of Diphenylhexatriene in Isolated Thylakoid Lipid Dispersions....Pages 163-166 Polar Lipids in Spinach Leaf Mitochondria....Pages 167-170 Monoclonal Antibodies to Chlorophyll α -protein 1 in Barley....Pages 171-174 Polypeptide Composition of Mesophyll Chloroplast Envelopes from C 4 Subgroup Representatives....Pages 175-178 Proteolysis of Chlamydomonas Reinhardi Y-1 Thylakoid Polypeptides....Pages 179-182 Chloroplast Proteins Related to Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii : Mutants and Trypsin-Treated Chloroplast Particles....Pages 183-186 On the Lateral Distribution of Thylakoid Phosphoproteins....Pages 187-190 Changes in Thylakoid Peptide Composition and Phosphorylation in Differentiated Chloroplasts of Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells of Maize....Pages 191-194 Organization, Structure and Function of the Photochemical Apparatus in Phycobilin and Chlorophyll b -containing Oxygen-evolving Photosynthetic Organisms....Pages 195-198 Salts and pH as Probes of the Organization of the two Photosystems....Pages 199-202 Separation of the Photosystems with Retention of their Photochemical Activities....Pages 203-206 Location of the Manganese Component of Freeze-fractured Photosynthetic Membranes....Pages 207-210 Structure and Functional Studies of an Oxygen-evolving Photosystem II Preparation....Pages 211-214 Detergent-extracted O 2 -evolving Photosystem II Preparations are Appressed Membranes....Pages 215-218 Electron Microscopic Characteristics of Photosystem II Preparations and Their Inactivation and Reactivation with Respect to Oxygen Evolution....Pages 219-222 Isolation of Inside-out Thylakoid Vesicles with Increased Photosystem II Purity — lateral Index of Thylakoid Components....Pages 223-226 Cation Control of Photosystem 2 Electron Donation Reactions....Pages 227-230 Quantitative Determination of the Electron Transport Complexes in the Thylakoid Membranes of Spinach and Several Other Plant Species....Pages 231-234 Infl u ence of Structural Properties of the Thylakoid Membrane on the Rate of Q oxidation....Pages 235-238 The Accessibility of Chloroplast Cytochromes in Inside-out and Right-side-out Thylakoid Vesicles to Trypsin....Pages 239-242 Organization and Function of Photosynthetic and Respiratory Cytochrome b/c-FeS Complexes....Pages 243-249 Reconstitution of Cytochrome f/b 6 and ATP Synthetase Complexes....Pages 251-254 The Irradiance Dependent Control of the Q-B-polypeptide Turnover is a Widespread Phenomenon in Oxygenic Photosynthesis....Pages 255-258 Irradiance Dependent Changes in Photosystem 2 Caused by Chloramphenicol and Uncouplers in Photosynthesizing Cells....Pages 259-262 Simulations of State Changes in the Photosynthetic Apparatus....Pages 263-266 Thermodynamically Forced State Changes in Chloroplasts....Pages 267-270 Evidences for Spill Over Changes during State 1 to State 2 Transition in Green Leaves....Pages 271-274 Changes in the Photochemical Activities of Thylakoids during Phosphorylation of the Light Harvesting Complex....Pages 275-278 Energy Distribution Changes during Phosphorylation of the Light Harvesting Complex in Thylakoids....Pages 279-282 Light Independent Phosphorylation of the Chlorophyll a,b -protein Complex in Thylakoids of the Prokaryote Prochloron ....Pages 283-286 Studies on the Control of Excitation Energy Distribution between the Two Photosystems in Pea Thylakoids by Mg 2+ and LHCP-phosphorylation....Pages 287-290 Temperature-induced Changes in the Distribution of Excitation Energy between Photosystem I and Photosystem II in Spinach Leaves....Pages 291-294 State I/State II and Dark Adaptation in Green and Blue-green Algae....Pages 295-298 Regulation of Light Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Binding Protein (LHCP) Phosphorylation in Intact Maize Mesophyll Chloroplasts....Pages 299-302 Mechanism of the Light State Transition in Porphyridium cruentum....Pages 303-306 Energy Coupling between Protein-chlorophyll Complexes in Chloroplasts. The Effect of Membrane Phosphorylation....Pages 307-310 Energy Coupling between Protein-chlorophyll Complexes in Chloroplasts. The Effects of Mg Ions....Pages 311-314 Effects of Protein Phosphorylation on the Properties of Thylakoid Membranes....Pages 315-318 The Role of Light-harvesting Complex Phosphorylation in Mediating the State 1-State 2 Transition: a Re-examination....Pages 319-322 Adenylate Nucleotide Regulation of Thylakoid Protein Phosphorylation....Pages 323-326 A Quantitative Analysis of the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Curve from Pea Leaves....Pages 327-330 Photoacoustics as a Probe for Photosynthetic O 2 Evolution and Energy Storage in an Intact Leaf — Distribution of Excitation Energy between PSII and PSI....Pages 331-334 Topography and Function of Cytochrome Oxidase in a Cyanobacterium....Pages 335-342 Giant Photosynthetic Layers with Intact Water Cleavage Activity — Spreading of PS II Complexes from Cyanobacteria —....Pages 343-346 Specificity of in vitro Reassociation of Phycobiliproteins and Membranes to Form Homologous and Heterologous Functional Membrane Bound Phycobilisomes....Pages 347-350 Isolation of Intact, Detergent-free Phycobilisomes from Griffithsia monolis by Means of Trypsin....Pages 351-354 Protein Sequence Homologies between Portions of the L and M Subunits of Reaction Centers of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata and the 32 KD Herbicide-binding Polypeptide of Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes and a Proposed Relation to Quinone-binding Sites....Pages 355-359 Topology of the Thylakoid Polypeptides of Rhodopseudomonas viridis ....Pages 361-364 The Use of Chemical Labels, Proteases and Biophysical Techniques for the Study of the Architecture of the Membrane of the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum G-9....Pages 365-368 Hydrophobic Membrane Labeling in Chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum G-9 + with Two Carbene Generating Reagents....Pages 369-372 Arrangement of the Photosynthetic Membrane of Rhodopseudomonas viridis Studied by Electron Microscopy, Image Processing and Immunological Methods....Pages 373-376 The Molecular Topography of the Photochemical Membrane System in the Green Bacterium Chloroflexus....Pages 377-380 Flexibility of Chloroplast Metabolism....Pages 381-389 Carbon Metabolism in Epidendrum elongatum....Pages 391-394 Carbon and Energy Balance during Continuous Algal Growth....Pages 395-398 14 CO 2 Fixation by Barley Pericarps....Pages 399-402 Varying Photosynthetic Pathway and a C 3 -C 4 Intermediate in Australian Neurachne and its Allies (Poaceae)....Pages 403-406 Different Metabolic Fate of two Carbons of Glycolate in Euglena gracilis Z....Pages 407-410 Carbon Metabolism in a PEP-carboxykinase C 4 Plant....Pages 411-412 Glycolaldehyde Inhibition of Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation by Isolated Chloroplasts and Protoplasts....Pages 413-416 Metabolism of Labelled 3-phosphoglycerate with Mesophyll Protoplasts and Purified Mesophyll Chloroplasts from the C 4 Plant Digitaria sanguinalis ....Pages 417-420 Carbon Metabolism and Malate Formation in the CAM Plant Aloe arborescens....Pages 421-424 Patterns of CO 2 metabolism during the diurnal cycle of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism....Pages 425-428 Genetic Analysis of Photosynthetic Carbon Pathways....Pages 429-435 Evidences for the Role of the Chloroplast in Algal Fermentation....Pages 437-440 Rapid Fractionation of Leaves of Zea Mays : Contents of Metabolites in Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Compartments....Pages 441-444 Wax Ester Formation in Euglena gracilis during Anaerobiosis and Photoheterotrophic Growth....Pages 445-448 Carbon Assimilation in Anacystis nidulans Grown in Carbon-regulated Chemostats....Pages 449-456 Inorganic Carbon Utilization by Cyanobacteria....Pages 457-460 The Influence of Brassinosteroid, a Growth-promoting Steroidal Lactone, on Development and CO 2 -fixation Capacity of Intact Wheat and Mustard Seedlings....Pages 461-464 Localization of Enzymes in Chloroplasts from Chlamydomonas Reinhardii : Enzymes of Glycolysis, the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and the Citric Acid Cycle....Pages 465-468 Isolation and Partial Characterisation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Isolated from Green Leaves of Millet (Panicum miliaceum CV. unicum)....Pages 469-472 The Effect of Metals on Maize (Zea mays) Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Isoenzymes....Pages 473-476 The Reversible Acid Dissociation and Deactivation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase from Sorghum Leaves....Pages 477-480 Spinach Leaf d -Glycerate-3-kinase....Pages 481-484 Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and C 4 Plants....Pages 485-488 Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase of Scenedesmus obliquus ....Pages 489-492 Study of Kinetic and Binding Properties of NADP-malate Dehydrogenase (MDH a) from Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 493-496 Localization and Properties of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase of Pennisetum americanum Mesophyll Protoplasts....Pages 497-500 Sucrose Phosphatase in Plants....Pages 501-504 Efficient Purification of Spinach Chloroplastic Sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase). Kinetic Comparison with Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase)....Pages 505-508 PEP Carboxylase in Legumes. Effect of nitrogen nutrition....Pages 509-512 Oxaloacetate Translocator in Plant Mitochondria....Pages 513-516 Molecular Properties of the Chloroplast Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase from Euglena gracilis ....Pages 517-520 Membrane-bound Aldolase in Pea Leaf Chloroplasts....Pages 521-524 Membrane-bound Cysteine Oxidases in Spinach, Chlorella, Synechococcus, and Rhodopseudomonas....Pages 525-528 Molecular Properties of NADP-dependent Malate Dehydrogenase....Pages 529-532 Ferredoxin-thioredoxin Reductase: Purification and Substrate Requirements....Pages 533-536 Spinach Leaf Photosynthetic Fructose-1.6-bisphosphatase: Biosynthetic Characteristics....Pages 537-540 Chloroplastic Thioredoxins from Spinach....Pages 541-544 In vivo Activities of Carbonic Anhydrase and PEP Carboxylase....Pages 545-548 The Role of PEP-case in a Cyanobacterium....Pages 549-552 Physical Properties of Glycine Decarboxylase Multienzyme Complex from Pea Leaf Mitochondria....Pages 553-556 CAM: Regulated Photosynthetic Metabolism for all Seasons....Pages 557-564 Regulation of Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Microalgae by Wavelength of Incident Light and by CO 2 Concentration....Pages 565-572 Enzyme Regulation in Photosynthesis....Pages 573-580 Involvement of Cyclic Photophosphorylation in 14 CO 2 Fixation in Chloroplasts....Pages 581-584 Pool Sizes of Calvin Cycle Intermediates in Chloroplasts as Related to Limitations of Photosynthesis in Leaves....Pages 585-588 Direct Measurement of Enzyme Activities and Inhibition Kinetics within Isolated Asparagus Cells Using a Freeze-thaw Technique....Pages 589-592 Regulation of Stromal Sedoheptulose Bisphosphatase Activity....Pages 593-596 The Regulation of the Activity of Zea mays Phosphoribulokinase....Pages 597-600 Regulation of the Activation of Pyruvate, Pi Dikinase and NADP-malate Dehydrogenase in Maize....Pages 601-604 Regulation of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity in Leaves....Pages 605-608 Regulation of Photosynthetic Sucrose Synthesis by Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate....Pages 609-611 Regulation of C 4 Photosynthesis: Inactivation of Pyruvate, P i Dikinase From Zea Mays by ADP-dependent Phosphorylation....Pages 613-616 The Regulation of CO 2 Fixation and of Sucrose Synthesis in Plants....Pages 617-624 Regulation of the Synthesis and Breakdown of Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in Leaves....Pages 625-628 Regulation of Chloroplast Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase Activity by the Ferredoxin/Thioredoxin System....Pages 629-632 Role of the Ferredoxin/Thioredoxin System in the Regulation of Photosynthetic Enzymes in a Cyanobacterium....Pages 633-636 The Effect of ATP on Malate Oxidation by Mung Bean Hypocotyl Mitochondria and by Soluble Malate Dehydrogenase....Pages 637-640 The Regulation of Electron Flow between Cytochrome Oxidase and the Alternative Oxidase in Mitochondria from Panicum miliaceum , an NAD-malic Enzyme Type C 4 Plant....Pages 641-644 Some Relationships between Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence....Pages 645-652 Induction of Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution in Spinach Leaves....Pages 653-656 Fluorescence Induction in a Thylakoid System Reconstituted for Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation....Pages 657-660 Simultaneous Measurement of CHL α Fluorescence and Photosynthetic O 2 Evolution in Systems of Decreasing Complexity (from the Leaf to the Reconstituted Chloroplast System)....Pages 661-664 O 2 and CO 2 Effects on Fluorescence Induction Kinetics of Wheat Leaves....Pages 665-668 Changes in Redox State of Cytochromes in Relation to Carbon Assimilation in Isolated Pea Chloroplasts....Pages 669-672 Isolation of Plasma Membrane Vesicles from Leaves of Spinach and Barley, Useful for Studies on Transport of Carbon Assimilation Products....Pages 673-676 Sucrose Efflux from Asparagus officinalis Cells....Pages 677-680 A Comparative Study of Inorganic Carbon Transport in Photosynthetic Cells....Pages 681-684 Regulation of 2-oxoglutarate and Dicarboxylate Transport in Spinach Chloroplasts by Ammonia in the Light....Pages 685-688 Light Dependent Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide via the Ascorbate-glutathione Cycle in Intact Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 689-692 Reductive Activation in vitro of Chloroplast Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase....Pages 693-696 Light dependent Activation of NADP malate Dehydrogenase and Photophosphorylation: Energy Requirements....Pages 697-700 Inhibition of the Light Activation of Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase and Sedoheptulose-1, 7-bisphosphatase by Osmotic Stress in Isolated Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 701-704 NADPH Linked Activation of Thioredoxin Dependent Enzymes from Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 705-708 Activation or Inhibition of Phosphoenol Pyruvate Carboxylase by NaCl....Pages 709-712 Reductive Activation of FBPase within the Chloroplast Stroma....Pages 713-716 Avenue to the Pandora’s Box of Rubisco....Pages 717-723 Some Mechanistic Aspects of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase....Pages 725-734 Role of the Activation Status of the Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase in Regulating Photosynthesis....Pages 735-738 Chemical and Physical Characterization of the Activation of Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase....Pages 739-742 Kinetics of Functional Groups of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase....Pages 743-746 Identification of Ligands of the Activator Cation of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase....Pages 747-750 Phosphorylated Ligands Alter the Kinetics of CO 2 /Mg 2+ -activation of Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase....Pages 751-754 Effects of Anions on the Activation and Catalytic Properties of Rubisco....Pages 755-758 Dissociation of Spinach Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase by Urea....Pages 759-762 RuBP Carboxylase/Oxygenase Activated with Cu 2+ and Studied by EPR....Pages 763-766 Production and Characterization of Monospecific Antibodies to Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Subunit Polypeptides....Pages 767-770 Oxygenase and Carboxylase Activities of RuBP Carboxylase from Wheat Leaves....Pages 771-774 Chromosomal Location of Control of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase in Seedling Leaves of Wheat....Pages 775-778 Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase and Net CO 2 Fixation in Tomato Leaves....Pages 779-782 The Isolation of an Active Site Peptide from Spinach Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Modified by Glyoxylate....Pages 783-786 Crystallisation and Preliminary X-ray Studies of Spinach Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase....Pages 787-789 Maintenance of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Activity by Endogenous Mg 2+ in Soybean Leaf Extracts....Pages 791-794 D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase — complete Amino Acid Sequence of the Tobacco Enzyme and Analysis of Regulatory Functions....Pages 795-798 Some Characteristics of a Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase Deficient Green Tobacco Mutant in Cell Suspension Cultures....Pages 799-802 Pyrenoid Proteins and Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase from the Green Alga Bryopsis maxima ....Pages 803-806 Kinetics of Accumulation of the Subunits of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase During Chloroplast Development in Euglena gracilis as Determined by Solid-Phase Indirect Radioimmunoassay....Pages 807-810 Biochemical and Genetic Regulation of Photorespiration....Pages 811-816 Study of Some Paradoxical Responses of Photorespiration and Photosynthesis to CO 2 and O 2 ....Pages 817-820 Regulation of Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism under Photorespiratory and Non-photorespiratory Conditions: the Role of Phosphate and Triose Phosphates....Pages 821-824 Distribution of P-glycolate Phosphatase between Mesophyll and Bundle Sheath Cells of the C 4 Plant Zea mays ; Intracellular Localization....Pages 825-828 Hydrilla: Inducible C 4 -type Photosynthesis without Kranz Anatomy....Pages 829-832 Photorespiratory Oxygen Uptake in Isolated Bundle Sheath Strands of C 4 Plants....Pages 833-836 A new Method for Estimating Photorespiration: Use of Double Labeled Glyceric Acid....Pages 837-840 The Isolation and Characterisation of Photorespiratory Mutants of Barley Hordeum vulgare ....Pages 841-844 Photosynthesis, Photorespiration and Enzyme Levels in Barley Wheat and Maize Grown on Nitrate and Ammonia....Pages 845-848 X-ray Studies on Glycolate Oxidase from Spinach....Pages 849-850 Stimulation of Photosynthesis by Potassium Glyoxylate in Cucumber Leaf Discs....Pages 851-854 Evidence for the Involvement of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in Photorespiratory Glycine Oxidation....Pages 855-858 Relationship between Ammonia Exchange and Photorespiration in Chlamydomonas ....Pages 859-862 The Use of Percoll to Purify Mitochondria and Peroxisomes from Spinach Leaves....Pages 863-866 Photosynthesis and Photorespiration in Mosses....Pages 867-870 Photosynthesis and Photorespiration on a Red Macroalga Chondrus crispus , in Relation to the Carbonic System....Pages 871-874 The Role of the Roots in Nitrate Reduction and Mobilization of the Carbohydrate Product of Photosynthesis for Aminoacid Synthesis in Triticum aestivum Seedlings....Pages 875-878 NADH-nitrate Reductase in Roots and Shoot of Wheat Seedlings: Activity and Approach to Immunological Quantification....Pages 879-882 Studies on the Photorespiratory Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Glycine, Glutamate and Glutamine in Wheat Leaves....Pages 883-886 The Glycine Decarboxylating System in Spinach Leaf Mitochondria....Pages 887-890 Ammonia Assimilation in Relation to Photosynthesis in Isolated Cells of Asparagus Cladophylls....Pages 891-891 Purification of the Associated 3-dehydroquinate Hydrolyase and Shikimate Oxidoreductase in Spinach Chloroplasts....Pages 893-896 Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids by Isolated Spinach Chloroplasts — intracellular Compartmentation of the Reactions....Pages 897-899 Serine Synthesis in Pea Leaf Mitochondria and Chloroplasts from Intermediates of the Glycollate Pathway....Pages 901-904 The Effect of Carbohydrate Status on the Photosynthetic, Stomatal, and Respiratory Physiology of Wheat Leaves....Pages 905-908 The Effect of n-polymethylene-carboxymaleimides on Glycine Movement into Pea Leaf Mitochondria....Pages 909-912 Back Matter....Pages 913-927 Investigations on seed proteins have been intensively carried out during the past two decades. This is valid with regard to both their chemical composition as well as their nutritive value. The development of new biochemical and physical methods has resulted in obtaining deep insights into the structures of seed proteins and their mutual interactions. Intensive exchange of information between the scientists participating in national and international research programmes has given strong impulses for intensifying the research in this field. For the quantitative and quali­ tative investigations of seed proteins, not only some model plants were used; on the contrary, they were carried out on a large number of different crops important for different regions of the earth. In this way, a level of knowledge has been reached which could not be expected in this diversity within such a short period. This holds not only true for biochemical but also for physiological characters of the species of the limiting amino acids studied. With regard to nutritional aspects, the problem was of special interest, but also seed proteins acting as antinutritional factors were analysed in detail. Based on the knowledge of seed protein structures, it was possible to perform investigations on the genetic basis of their synthesis. This was done under two different aspects: The basic knowledge on the genes involved should be widened; moreover, it should be tried to improve the seed proteins quantitatively and qualitatively under the influence of mutant genes. As for the preceding four International Symposia on Nitrogen Fixation, held in Pullman, Washington USA (1974); Salamanca, Spain (1976); Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1978); and Canberra, Australia (1980), the 5th Symposium held from August 28 - September 3, 1983 in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, received the gene­ rous support of the Charles F. Kettering Foundation Research Laboratory and the Tennessee Valley Authority. This support has helped research progress in this broad field of science by offering a forum both for the exchange of ideas and for scientific summary and discussion as captured over the last 10 years in each of the four books published previously. Although all previous meetings were well attended, the present conference was the largest so far. 550 scien­ tists from 60 different countries attended the'Leeuwenhorst Conference', re­ presenting the many different disciplines actively involved in research in this field: chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, geneticists, microbiologists, plant physiologists, agriculturalists. A large number of them had to go through a difficult period to raise the necessary funds to attend. In addition, a parallel meeting of'policymakers'from Southeast Asia, Africa and South America was held under the auspices of Crosscurrents International Institute, Dayton, OR, USA and the United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan. These participants attended some of the scientific sessions to benefit from the vision of a number of scientists at the symposium. This volume contains the papers, presented during a conference, organized jointly by the'Opzoekingsstation van Gorsem'and the'Limburgs Universitair Centrum', Belgium from 22 to 27 August 1982. For this third meeting, the chosen topic was the effect of different stresses on photosynthesis. Most of the research in this field is realized on water stress and temperature stress; this situation is refllected in the conference programme. However, the imp- tance of the other factors such as light, CO, salinity, anaerobiosis, was 2 also emphasized especially during the important discussion sessions. We express our gratitude to Drs. J. Gale, P. Jarvis, G.H. Krause, P.E. Kriedemann and P.S. Nobel for their excellent leadership during the discussion sessions. Particular thanks are also due to Dr. H.~i. Woolhouse who gave us an excellent inaugural address and whose erudition largely contributed to the interest of the discussions. For the first time in our experience of editors, we decided to use camera ready copies in order to publish more rapidly the proceedings and at a lower price. For a lot of reasons (among other things the bad choice of type of letter to be used and the choice of instructions to authors which were not perfectly followed by the authors), the technical presentation of this book will appear as non homogeneous; we accepted this lack of homogeneity with the hope tbat the publication time would be shorter in spite of the fact that, some authors delivered their manuscript with delay. Structural aspects of ribulose - 1,5-bisphosphate carbosylase (RuBisCo); Cyanogenic glycosides - a possible model for the biosynthesis of natural products; Biosynthesis and microbial degradation of lignin; Legume lectins: structural relationships and properties; The fronties of influence of some plant ensymes; Plant phosphorylases: structure and function; Studies on cellulose metabolism (1970-1990); Glutamine metabolism: the key to the flow of nitrogen in plants; Protein synthesis in chloroplasts; Biogenesis of mitochondria in higher plant cells; Mechanism and regulation of ethylene biosynthesis; Regulation of ethylen e biosynthesis in auxin-treated plant tissues; Natural abundance ratios of isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in metabolic kinetics; Chilling stress in plants and their products: causes, responses and ameliorations; Wound repair and tumor induction in higher plants; The role of secondary metabolism in plant-pathogen interactions; Approaches for the detection of the products of genes for resistance and avirulence in the wheat and stem rust system; Biochemistry of oxidase ensymes as related to the etiology of and resistance to plant disease, the hemorrhagic sweet clover disease, farmer's lung disease, and feed or food production Chickpeas, faba beans and lentils are important pulse crops in the Mediterranean regi on and Mi ddl e East, where thei r hi gh protei n seed nutritionally complement cereal grain in the human diet. The by-products of these crops serve as a valuable feed for animals. Thanks to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, the inclusion of these crops in the cropping system helps in the maintenance of the productivity of the soil and reduces the dependence of the farmer on fertilizer nitrogen to realise good yields. Being the site of original domestication of these legumes, the Fertile Crescent is bel ieved to possess their vast genetic diversity. In order to prevent the erosion of this genetic di'/ersity and to preserve it for posterity, it is necessary that a major effort is made for its expeditious collection, evaluation, documentation and safe storage. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) being located in the Fertile Crescent has, within its mandate, the responsibility to act as a world centre for the work on the genetic resources of kabuli chickpeas, faba beans and lentils. The International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) has been strongly supporting ICARDA in this important activity. There is a paucity of information on the dynamics of Ascorbic Acid (AA) turnover in relation to germination, metabolism, growth, differentiation and development of a plant and in those undergoing stress of various types. in presowing treatment of seeds etc. The turnover of AA plays an important role during the juvenile phase of growth of a plant and has a significant bearing on its subsequent growth, development and maturation. The beneficial effect of presowing treatment of seed with Ascorbic Acid (AA) + H2 O highlights the validity of the AA-nucleic acid­ 2 protein metabolism concept of growth and development of plan ts. During the course of the last 30 years, work has been undertaken by the author and his collaborators on the meta­ bolic drifts of regulatory substances during juvenile, vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases. The most important of these growth regulatory substances was found to be Ascorbic Acid. The dynamiC role of AA turnover is revealed by its control of rates of metabolic processes as well as those of enzymic reactions which paves the way to'New Genetics'. Principal Papers Contributed to the Symposium `The New Frontiers and Future Perspectives of Plant Biochemistry' Held in Nagoya, Japan, September 1-3, 1981, in Honor of Professor Ikuzo Uritani Edited By Werner Gottschalk, Hermann P. Müller. Includes Bibliographical References.