Advances in intelligent manufacturing and mechatronics : selected articles from the Innovative Manufacturing, Mechatronics and Materials Forum (iM3F 2022), Pahang, Malaysia

This book presents parts of the iM3F 2022 proceedings from the mechatronics as well as the intelligent manufacturing tracks. It highlights recent trends and key challenges in mechatronics as well as the advent of intelligent manufacturing engineering and technology that are non-trivial in embracing Industry 4.0 as well as addressing the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The book deliberates on conventional as well as advanced solutions that are utilized in the variety of mechatronics and intelligent manufacturing-based applications. The readers are envisaged to gain an insightful view on the current trends, issues, mitigating factors as well as solutions from this book. Preface Contents A Computational Time Analysis of Discrete Simulated Kalman Filter Optimizer 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Discrete Simulated Kalman Filter Optimizer (DSKFO) 3 Experiment, Result, and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Real-Time Social Distancing and Face Mask Detection System Using Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset Preparation 3.2 Model Training 3.3 Performance Evaluation 3.4 Deployment of Classifier Model 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Quantitative Analysis of Deep Learning Methods 4.2 Performance of Social Distancing Monitoring Model 5 Conclusion References A Systematic Review for Robotic for Cognitive Speech Therapy for Rehabilitation Patient 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem Definitions and Research Motivation 1.3 Aim and Objectives 2 Literature Review 2.1 Critical Literature Review Search Method 2.2 Stroke and Aphasia 2.3 Method of Treating Aphasia That Already Exists or is Being Studied 2.4 AI Robot in Health Care 2.5 People's Attitude Toward AI Robots 2.6 Results of Secondary Data Collections 3 Conclusion References An Estimation Steering Feedback Torque in Vehicle Steer by Wire System 1 Introduction 2 The Modeling of Steer by Wire (SBW) System 2.1 The Steering Wheel System Model 2.2 The Front Axle System Model 2.3 The Linear Vehicle Model 3 Estimation Feedback Torque and the Control Method 4 The LQR Controller and LQR + Gain Scheduling (GS)—Control Feedback 4.1 The LQR Controller 4.2 The LQR Controller with Gain—Scheduling 5 Conclusion References An Implementation of Sliding Mode Voltage Control Controlled Buck-Boost Converter for Solar Application 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 System Modeling of Conventional SMVC Controller 2.2 System Modeling-Based PID SMVC Controller 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Simulation Results 3.2 Analysis with Three Different Solar Modules Using SMVC and PID Controller 4 Conclusion References An Optimized Deep Learning Model for Automatic Diagnosis of COVID-19 Using Chest X-Ray Images 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Existing Techniques for COVID-19 Diagnosis 2.2 Original PSO 3 Proposed PSOMCIS-CNN for COVID-19 Diagnosis 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Formulation of Hyperparameter Tuning as Optimization Problem 3.3 Hyperparameter Tuning Using PSOMCIS 4 Performance Analysis of PSOMCIS-CNN 5 Conclusions References Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL): Evaluation on the Punctuality Index of City Public Bus Service 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Appendix References Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Extreme Learning Machine Based on Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 The Proposed Bearing Diagnosis Method 2.2 Extreme Learning Machine 2.3 Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer 3 Procedure 3.1 Experimental Bearing Data 3.2 CWRU Bearing Data 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 ELM Parameter Optimization 4.2 Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on GTO-ELM 5 Conclusions References Classifying Ethnicity of the Pedestrian Using Skin Colour Palette 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Pre-processing 3.3 Feature Extraction 3.4 Feature Classification-Support Vector Machine 4 Result 5 Conclusion References Cluster Analysis Based on Image Feature Extraction for Automated OMA 1 Introduction 2 Cluster Analysis Based on Image Feature Extraction 2.1 Stabilisation Diagram 2.2 Image Feature Extraction for Clustering 3 Conclusions References Detection of Lead with IoT Water Monitoring System Using Microstrip Antenna-Based Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Overview 3.2 Sensor Design 3.3 Solution Preparation 3.4 Data Analyzing and Uploading 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Parameter Study of Microstrip Antenna-Based Sensor in CST Studio Suite 4.2 Validation results 4.3 Solution Preparation 4.4 COMSOL Simulation Results 4.5 MATLAB and IoT Analytic Platform Results 5 Conclusion and Recommendations References Emotion Recognition Using Ultra-Short-Term ECG Signals with a Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Dataset 2.2 ECG Signal Processing 2.3 Hybrid CNN-LSTM Network Architecture 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Enhancement of Morlet Mother Wavelet in Time–Frequency Domain in Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals for Driver Fatigue Classification 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Acquisition 3.2 Electrode Selection 3.3 Preprocessing with ICA 3.4 Feature Extraction 3.5 Classification 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Fabrication of Aneurysm Biomodel Using 3D Printing Technology 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Criteria of Aneurysm Biomodel Geometry 2.2 Mould Design 2.3 Mould Material and Fabrication 2.4 Biomodel Material and Fabrication 3 Results 3.1 Mould and Biomodel Shrinkage 3.2 Biomodel Mechanical Properties 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Feature Selection of Medical Dataset Using African Vultures Optimization Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Inspiration of AVOA 2.2 Feature Selection Problem 3 Feature Selection Using African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA) 4 Result Analysis 4.1 Simulation Settings 4.2 Comparisons Between Selected Algorithms 5 Conclusion References Flow Direction Algorithm for Feature Selection 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Flow Direction Algorithm Structure 2.2 Feature Selection Problem 3 Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA) for Feature Selection 4 Result 4.1 Simulation Settings 4.2 Performance Metrics 4.3 Comparisons Between Selected Algorithms 5 Conclusion References Fuzzy Logic Controller by Particle Swarm Optimization Discoverer for Semi-Active Suspension System 1 Introduction 2 Semi-Active Suspension Modeling 3 FL Controller Design and Optimization 3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization 3.2 Particle Swarm Optimization Discoverer 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Optimized Machine Learning Model with Modified Particle Swarm Optimization for Data Classification 1 Introduction 2 Conventional PSO 3 Optimized ANN Model Using PSOMCS 3.1 Formulation of ANN Training as an Optimization Problem 3.2 Particle Swarm Optimization with Multi-chaotic Scheme 4 Performance Evaluation of Optimized ANN Model 5 Conclusion References Performance Comparison of Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter for Human Tracking and Prediction with Particle Swarm Optimisation 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Implementation of IoT-Based Design 3.2 Kalman Filter Formulation 3.3 Extended Kalman Filter Formulation 3.4 Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of Rössler System in Fractional Order 1 Introduction 2 Rössler System 3 Existence, Points of Equilibrium Points and Asymptotic Stability 4 Numerical Stability Analysis and the Existence of Equilibrium Point 5 Existence of Hopf Bifurcation in Fractional-Order α 6 Existence of Hopf Bifurcation in Fractional-Order α 7 Conclusion References SUAS-Based NDVI and RGB Image for Remote Landscape and Environmental Monitoring on University Campus 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Test Site 1 (Faculty of Electrical Engineering) 3.2 Test Site 2 (Chancellor Hall) 3.3 Test Site 3 (The Chancellery) 3.4 Test Site 4 (Lecture Halls Complex) 3.5 Test Site 5 (Mosque) 3.6 Test Site 6 (Co-Curriculum Center) 4 Conclusion References A Mathematical Model of PD Controller-Based DC Motor System Using System Identification Approach 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Mathematical Model of DC Motor 2.2 System Identification 2.3 Tuning Method for Kp and Kd 2.4 Development of DC Motor with PD Controller 2.5 Performance Evaluation 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Simulink Result of System Identification 4 Transient Response of DC Motor with PD Controller 5 Conclusion References The Classification of Wafer Defects: An Evaluation of Different Feature-Based ResNet Transfer Learning Models with Support Vector Machine 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Models and Evaluation 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References The Correlation Between Peltier Module, Solution Volume and Temperature in IoT-Controlled Hydroponic Nutrient Solution Management 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References The Statistical Impact of Artificial Intelligence Towards the Price Change of Financial Instrument 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Total Harmonic Distortion Study for Improvement of AC-AC Converter Under Buck-Type 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Single-Stage DC-Modulated BUCK-Type AC-AC Converter 2.2 Double-Stage BUCK-Type Converter 3 Result and Analysis 3.1 Single-Stage DC-Modulated BUCK-Type AC-AC Converter 3.2 Double-Stage DC-Modulated BUCK-Type AC-AC Converter 4 Conclusion References Training Feedforward Neural Networks Using Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Medical Classification 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Inspiration of Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm 2.2 Approaches of FNN Training Using MSAs 3 AOA-Optimized FNN Model 3.1 Formulation FNN Training Optimization Problem 3.2 Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) 4 Performance Comparison in Training FNN Models 5 Conclusions References Various Type of Crops and Trees Detection Using Clustering Technique Through Image Processing 1 Introduction 2 Neural Networks 2.1 Overview 2.2 Base Neural Networks 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Transient Pressure Analysis in Water Hydraulics Machine Using Induced Pressure Effect from the Compression of Different Materials 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References X-Ray Baggage Object Detection Using Neural Networks Approach for Safety Purpose 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 Model Architecture 3.2 Data Acquisition 3.3 Dataset Annotation and Preprocessing 3.4 Data Preprocessing 3.5 Experiments 3.6 Performance Evaluation 3.7 Deployment of Classifier Model 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Quantitative Analysis of Three Neural Networks 4.2 Performance of X-Ray Object Detection Model 5 Conclusion References