Advances in food and nutrition research. Volume seventy-seven

Antiproliferative effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the biologically active form of vitamin D, are well established in various cell types by influencing cell differentiation and decreasing cell proliferation, growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Several meta-analyses showed that low serum levels of 25(OH)D was associated with colorectal cancer and overall mortality, while the association with cancer mortality was less consistent. VDR is a crucial mediator for the cellular effects of vitamin D and conflicting data have been reported for most malignancies. Beyond VDR, the biological effects of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D-binding protein. The GC (group-specific component) gene, encoding DBP, is highly polymorphic and several polymorphisms were investigated in association with cancer development with controversial results. Vitamin D supplementation was found to be associated with a reduced risk of overall mortality, reviewing all published trials on healthy subjects, whereas the evidence of an effect on cancer risk and mortality is less clear. Furthermore, long-term health effects of high doses of vitamin D, extended duration of supplementation, and the association with different baseline vitamin D levels remain to be investigated. In summary, epidemiological and preclinical studies support the development of vitamin D as preventative and therapeutic anticancer agents, with significant associations especially found for low vitamin D status with overall mortality and cancer outcome, more than cancer incidence. However, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn and only large randomized clinical trials, both in healthy subjects and in cancer patients, will allow to draw definitive conclusions on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cancer risk, prognosis, and mortality. Content: ""Front Cover"" ""Advances in Food and Nutrition Research"" ""Copyright"" ""Contents"" ""Contributors"" ""Preface"" ""Chapter One: Vitamin D, Cancer Risk, and Mortality"" ""1. Introduction"" ""2. Latitude and Solar Exposure"" ""3. 25(OH)D"" ""3.1. 25(OH)D and Cancer Risk"" ""3.2. 25(OH)D and Cancer Mortality"" ""3.3. 25(OH)D and Overall Mortality"" ""4. DBP"" ""5. VDR and Cancer"" ""5.1. FokI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk"" ""5.1.1. Prostate Cancer"" ""5.1.2. Breast Cancer"" ""5.1.3. Colorectal Cancer"" ""5.1.4. Skin Cancer"" ""5.1.5. Ovarian Cancer"" ""5.1.6. Other Cancer Sites""""5.2. BsmI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk"" ""5.2.1. Prostate Cancer"" ""5.2.2. Breast Cancer"" ""5.2.3. Colorectal Cancer"" ""5.2.4. Skin Cancer"" ""5.2.5. Ovarian Cancer"" ""5.2.6. Other Cancer Sites"" ""5.3. TaqI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk"" ""5.3.1. Prostate Cancer"" ""5.3.2. Breast Cancer"" ""5.3.3. Colorectal Cancer"" ""5.3.4. Skin Cancer"" ""5.3.5. Ovarian Cancer"" ""5.3.6. Other Cancer Sites"" ""5.4. ApaI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk"" ""5.4.1. Prostate Cancer"" ""5.4.2. Breast Cancer"" ""5.4.3. Colorectal Cancer"" ""5.4.4. Skin Cancer"" ""5.4.5. Ovarian Cancer""""5.4.6. Other Cancer Sites"" ""5.5. Cdx2 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk"" ""5.5.1. Prostate Cancer"" ""5.5.2. Breast Cancer"" ""5.5.3. Colorectal Cancer"" ""5.5.4. Other Cancer Sites"" ""6. GC and Cancer"" ""7. Vitamin D Supplementation: Randomized Trials"" ""7.1. Published Trials on Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and/or Mortality"" ""7.1.1. The UK Trial for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures"" ""7.1.2. The WomenÂ?s Health Initiative Trial"" ""7.1.3. The Nebraska Trial"" ""7.1.4. The RECORD Trial"" ""7.1.5. Conclusions"" ""7.2. Ongoing Trials on Vitamin D and Cancer Risk or Cancer Progression/Survival""""7.2.1. CAPS Trial: Clinical Trial of Vitamin D3 to Reduce Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women"" ""7.2.2. VITAL Trial: Vitamin D and Omega-3"" ""7.2.3. Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study"" ""7.2.4. PPS4B Trial: Calcium/Vitamin D, Biomarkers, and Colon Polyp Prevention"" ""7.2.5. GORG 002 Trial: Randomized Phase III Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of High Dose Versus Standard Dose of Vita ... "" ""7.2.6. TIPS-3 Trial: The International Polycap Study 3"" ""7.2.7. Neoadjuvant Progesterone and Vitamin D3""""7.2.8. Study of Folic Acid, Calcium, and Vitamin D in Preventing Colorectal Polyps and Colorectal Cancer"" ""7.2.9. MelaViD Trial: A Trial on Vitamin D Supplementation for Resected Stage II Melanoma Patients"" ""7.2.10. ViDMe Trial: Vitamin D Supplementation in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Outcome"" ""7.2.11. VITACAL Trial: Study of Vitamin D Supplementation Tailored to Vitamin D Deficiency"" ""7.2.12. Cholecalciferol Supplement in Treating Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Observation""

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research recognizes the integral relationship between the food and nutritional sciences, bringing together outstanding and comprehensive reviews that highlight this relationship.

The book contains contributions that detail scientific developments in the broad areas of food science and nutrition, providing those in academia and industry with the latest information on emerging research in these constantly evolving sciences.

• Provides the latest important information for food scientists and nutritionists
• Contains peer-reviewed articles by a panel of respected scientists
• Ideal for those studying and researching topics, including glutamate, umami, capsaicin, gotukola, vitamin D, and chia seeds, amongst others
• The go-to series on the topic of advances in food and nutrition research since 1948

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research recognizes the integral relationship between the food and nutritional sciences, bringing together outstanding and comprehensive reviews that highlight this relationship. The book contains contributions that detail scientific developments in the broad areas of food science and nutrition, providing those in academia and industry with the latest information on emerging research in these constantly evolving sciences. Provides the latest important information for food scientists and nutritionists Contains peer-reviewed articles by a panel of respected scientists Ideal for those studying and researching topics, including glutamate, umami, capsaicin, gotukola, vitamin D, and chia seeds, amongst others The go-to series on the topic of advances in food and nutrition research since 1948

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research recognizes the integral relationship between the food and nutritional sciences, bringing together outstanding and comprehensive reviews that highlight this relationship. The book contains contributions that detail scientific developments in the broad areas of food science and nutrition, providing those in academia and industry with the latest information on emerging research in these constantly evolving sciences.

• Provides the latest, most important information for food scientists and nutritionists
• Contains peer-reviewed articles by a panel of respected scientists
• Recognized as the go-to series on the topic of advances in food and nutrition research since 1948

Advances in Food and Nutrition Research recognizes the integral relationship between the food and nutritional sciences, bringing together outstanding and comprehensive reviews that highlight this relationship. The book contains contributions that detail scientific developments in the broad areas of food science and nutrition, providing those in academia and industry with the latest information on emerging research in these constantly evolving sciences. Provides the latest, most important information for food scientists and nutritionists Contains peer-reviewed articles by a panel of respected scientists Recognized as the go-to series on the topic of advances in food and nutrition research since 1948 This book recognizes the integral relationship between the food and nutritional sciences, bringing together outstanding and comprehensive reviews that highlight this relationship. The book contains contributions that detail scientific developments in the broad areas of food science and nutrition, providing those in academia and industry with the latest information on emerging research in these constantly evolving sciences