[Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology] Tumor Microenvironment Volume 1240 (The Role of Interleukins – Part A) ||

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of interleukins in the tumor microenvironment. Each chapter focuses on the various ways to target the tumor microenvironment by intervention in the interleukin biology, including IL-1, IL-8, IL-21, IL-36 signaling, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Interleukins - Part A updates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as future directions. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment. -- Provided by publisher Preface Contents Contributors 1: IL-1 Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment 1.1 Introduction 1.2 IL-1 Signaling Pathway in Different Cancers 1.2.1 Breast Cancer 1.2.1.1 Human Cancers 1.2.1.2 Mouse Models 1.2.2 Sarcoma 1.2.2.1 Human Cancers 1.2.2.2 Mouse Models 1.2.3 Liver Cancer 1.2.3.1 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) 1.2.3.2 Mouse Models 1.2.4 Melanoma/Skin Cancer 1.2.4.1 Human Melanomas 1.2.4.2 Mouse Models 1.2.5 Colon Cancer 1.2.5.1 Human Colorectal Cancer (CRC) 1.2.5.2 Mouse CRC-Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer (CAC) by AOM/DSS and CRC by CPC-APC 1.2.6 Other Cancers 1.3 IL-1 Signaling Pathway in Different Cell Types Within Tumor Microenvironment: A Brief Summary 1.3.1 Cancer Cells 1.3.2 Fibroblasts 1.3.3 Adipocytes 1.3.4 Endothelial Cells 1.3.5 Immune Cells 1.4 Clinical Implications and Perspectives 1.4.1 Clinical Studies 1.4.2 Consideration for Clinical Studies 1.4.3 Using Publicly Available Genetic Information for Assessing the Role of IL-1 Signaling in Cancer Progression References 2: Interleukin-8 in the Tumor Immune Niche: Lessons from Comparative Oncology 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Effect of IL-8 on the Tumor Immune Landscape 2.3 Stemness Properties of Cancer Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells 2.4 IL-8 and Tumor Immunity in the Microenvironment: Comparative Perspectives 2.5 Summary References 3: IL-9 and Th9 Cells in Tumor Immunity 3.1 Introduction 3.2 IL-9 and Th9 Cells 3.3 Th9 Cells and Other Cell Types 3.4 Regulation of Th9 Cell Differentiation 3.5 Effects of Th9 Cells in Tumors 3.6 Th9 Cell Mechanisms in Tumor Immunity 3.7 Future Perspective References 4: IL-17 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Tumor Microenvironment and IL-17 4.1.2 The IL-17/IL-17R Axis 4.1.3 IL-17/IL-17R Interactions in Malignancy 4.1.3.1 Effects of Th17 vs IL-17 4.1.3.2 Regulatory T Cells and Th17 4.1.3.3 Documented Roles for IL-17 in Different Malignancies 4.2 Conclusions References 5: Emerging Roles for Interleukin-18 in the Gastrointestinal Tumor Microenvironment 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Biology of IL-18 5.2.1 IL-18 Is a Beta-Trefoil Structured Protein 5.2.2 Multiple Mechanisms of IL-18 Secretion 5.2.3 IL-18-Producing Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract 5.3 IL-18 Signaling 5.3.1 Expression of IL-18R in the Gastrointestinal Tract 5.3.2 IL-18 Activates Multiple Signaling Pathways 5.3.3 Negative Regulation: IL-18 Binding Protein 5.4 Immunomodulatory Role of IL-18 in the Gastrointestinal Tract 5.4.1 Synergistic Action of IL-18 and IL-12 in IFN-γ-Producing Th1 Cells 5.4.2 IL-18 Upregulates NK Cell Cytotoxic Activity 5.4.3 Effect of IL-18 on Other Immune Cell Populations 5.5 The Role of IL18 in the Gastrointestinal Microenvironment: From Homeostasis to Tumorigenesis 5.5.1 Microbial Colonization 5.5.2 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 5.5.3 Anti-tumorigenic Role for IL-18 in Colon Cancer 5.5.4 Pro-tumorigenic Role for IL-18 in Gastric Cancer 5.6 Therapeutic Activation or Inhibit IL-18 Signaling 5.6.1 Therapeutics in Clinical Development 5.6.2 Emerging Opportunities to Alter IL18 Signaling 5.7 Concluding Remarks References 6: IL-21 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 6.1 Introduction 6.2 IL-21 Signaling (Fig. 6.1) 6.3 IL-21 in Immunity (Fig. 6.2) 6.4 IL-21 in Cancer and IL-21-Based Therapies 6.5 Future Directions References 7: ST2 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Gene Structure and Variants of Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) Gene 7.1.1.1 Mouse ST2 Gene 7.1.1.2 Human ST2 Gene 7.1.2 Transmembrane ST2L Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment 7.1.2.1 ST2L Ligand: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) 7.1.2.2 IL-33/ST2L Signaling in Promoting an Adequate Immune Response 7.1.2.3 IL-33/ST2L Signaling in Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization 7.1.3 Role of Soluble sST2 and Its Downstream Effectors in Cancer Cells 7.1.3.1 Trafficking and Secretion Mode of sST2 in Cancer Cells 7.1.3.2 sST2: A Decoy Receptor in Tumor Microenvironment 7.1.4 Targeting IL-33/ST2 Axis for Cancer Therapy 7.1.4.1 Treatment via Enhancing an Antitumor Immunity 7.1.4.2 Treatment via Inducing an Allergic Microenvironment 7.1.5 Conclusion and Perspectives References 8: IL-36 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment 8.1 Introduction 8.2 IL-1: An Extended Family of Interleukins 8.3 IL-36: A Family of Cytokines 8.4 IL-36 Processing 8.4.1 Cathepsin S and Cathepsin G 8.4.2 Neutrophil Proteases 8.5 IL-36 Signaling 8.5.1 IL-36 Receptor Antagonist: IL-36Ra 8.5.2 MyD88: An Important IL-36R Adaptor Protein 8.6 IL-36 Biology in the TME 8.6.1 Dendritic Cells 8.6.2 T Cells 8.6.3 CD4 T Cells 8.6.4 CD8 T Cells 8.6.5 NK Cells 8.6.6 Macrophages 8.6.7 Endothelial Cells 8.7 Discussions on IL-36 Signaling in Cancer Therapy 8.7.1 IL-36γ Promotes the Development/Maintenance of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLS) in the TME 8.8 IL-36-Based Immunotherapies: Current and Future References Index