Advances in Electrocardiology 2004 - Proceedings of the 31th International Congress on Electrocardiology (Advances in Electrocardiography)

electrocardiology Has Witnessed A Century Of Development Since The Introduction Of Einthoven S Galvanometer. With Rapid Progress In The Scientific, Technological And Clinical Aspects Of The Field Of Electrocardiology In Recent Years, Electrocardiology Now Covers A Wide Range Of Topics From Molecules As The Electrical Origin Of The Heart To Diagnostic And Therapeutic Applications For Cardiovascular Diseases. This Volume Presents The Latest Information And Developments In The Field, From Basic Science To Clinical Electrocardiology. A Wide Range Of Topics Are Covered, Including Molecular Biology, Genetics, Channelopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Catheter Ablation, Modeling Of Cardiac Electrical Activity, Cardiac Mapping, As Well As Diagnosis, Treatment And Prevention Of Cardiac Disease And Arrhythmic Disorders. contributors To The Volume Include Leading Experts In The Field Such As Pj Schwartz, C Antzelevitch, Y Rudy, Hjgm Vrijin, Dg Escande, Aam Wilde, Da Kass, J Jalife And A D Avila. The Book Is An Essential Source Of Reference For Cardiologists And Electrocardiologists. CONTENTS......Page 10 Preface......Page 8 1 Long QT Syndrome......Page 34 Introduction......Page 36 My First Patient......Page 37 Looking for Answers......Page 38 An American Partnership......Page 40 Impact......Page 41 Molecular Genetics......Page 42 Findings from the Registry......Page 43 References......Page 44 2 Atrial Fibrillation......Page 52 Clinical Consequences of Atrial Remodeling......Page 54 Different Models, Different Ion Channel Remodeling......Page 55 Reversed Remodeling and Different Types of Postcardioversion Recurrences......Page 56 Long-Term Efficacy of Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy and its Influence to the Prognosis in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation K. Okumura......Page 58 1. Introduction......Page 59 2. Myocardial Sleeve of PVs......Page 60 3. Electrical Properties of PV Myocardial Sleeves......Page 61 4.1. Ryanodine-induced Pacemaker Shifi in Rabbit Atrial Preparations......Page 62 4.2. Pacing-induced Spontaneous Activity in PVs Afler Treatment with Ryanodine......Page 63 4.3. Role of Intracellular Ca2+ Dynamics......Page 64 4.4. Implication for the Genesis of AF......Page 65 References......Page 66 1. Introduction......Page 67 2.2. Study Protocol......Page 68 2.5. Statistical Analysis......Page 69 3.3. Adverse Effects......Page 70 4. Discussion......Page 71 4.1. Electrophysiology of Bepridil and Aprindine......Page 72 4.3. Limitation......Page 73 References......Page 74 1. Background......Page 75 3.3. Development into Chronic AF......Page 76 3.4. Cox Proportional Hazard Model......Page 77 5. Conclusions......Page 78 References......Page 79 3 Basic Electrophysiology......Page 80 Mechanisms of Ventricular Fibrillation: Role of Inward Rectifyer Channels J. Jalife......Page 82 Introduction......Page 83 Results and Discussion......Page 84 Running Title......Page 85 References......Page 86 1. Introduction......Page 87 3. Results......Page 88 4. Conclusion......Page 89 Methods and Results:......Page 90 Losartan Decreases the Arrhythmogenic Activity of Pulmonary Vein Cardiomyocyte Y.-C. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, S.-A. Chen and C.-I. Lin......Page 91 Methods......Page 92 Major Findings......Page 93 Renin-angiotensin System......Page 94 References......Page 95 Amiodarone not only Reverses Electrical Remodeling but Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 Activity in Canine Pacing-Induced Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Model K. Ashikaga, T. Kobayashi, M. Kimura, S. Owada, T. Higuma, S. Sasaki, A. Iwasa, K. Furu......Page 96 1. Introduction......Page 97 3.2. Changes in AERPs at BB and LA Sites......Page 98 4. Summary......Page 100 5. Conclusions......Page 101 1. Materials and Methods......Page 102 2.1. Incidence of Arrhythmias in LA-PV Preparations......Page 103 2.2. APs and Transient Outward Currents in Ventricular Myocytes of Xin-gene KO Versus Wild-type Mice......Page 104 References......Page 105 Heterogeneous Distribution of the Muscarinic K+ Channels in Guinea-pig Atria Y. Yasuda, H. Toda, W.-G. Ding, F. Toyoda, M. Itoh, M. Horie and H. Matsuura......Page 106 Electrophysiology of Single Cardiomyocytes Isolated from Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins of Myopathic versus Heathly Hamsters Y.-X. Loh, Y.-C. Chen and C.4. Lin......Page 107 1. Introduction......Page 108 2. Method......Page 109 Modeling the Ca2+ Gate of a Hemichannel......Page 110 4. Discussion......Page 111 References......Page 112 Role of ERK-Mediated Suppression of Gap Junction Permeability in Cardioprotection Afforded by MITO-KATP Channel Activation Y. Ichikawa, T. Miura, T. Miki, J. Sakamoto, Y. Nakamura, T. Yano and K. Shimamoto......Page 114 1. Introduction......Page 115 3. Results......Page 116 References......Page 118 Results and Discussion......Page 120 Reference......Page 122 1. Introduction......Page 125 3.1. Changes of Intracellular Calcium by PAF Application......Page 126 3.2. Effects of PAF on the L-type Calcium Channel Current......Page 127 4. Discussion......Page 128 References......Page 129 1. Introduction......Page 130 2.2. RNA Extraction, DNA Microarray and Northern Blot Analysis......Page 131 3.2. Northern Blot Analysis......Page 132 References......Page 133 1. Introduction......Page 136 2. Results......Page 137 3. Conclusion......Page 139 References......Page 140 Electrophysiological Effects of Palmitate on Rabbit Pulmonary Vein Myocardial Cells S. Higa, Y.-C. Chen, J. Wei, M. Shimabukuro and C.-I. Lin......Page 141 Rapid Atrial Pacing Upregulates Synthesis of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Canine AF Model T. Kobayashi, K. Ashikaga, M. Kimura, S. Owuda, T. Higuma, S. Sasaki, A. Iwasa, T. Osunai, S. Motomura and K. Okumura......Page 142 Combined Effects of Nifekalant and Lidocaine on Spiral-Type Reentrant Ventricular Arrhythmias in Rabbit Hearts M. Amino, K. Yoshioka. K. Usui, Y. Deguchi, T. Tanabe, M. Yamazaki, H. Nakagawa, K. Yasui, H. Honjyo, K. Kamiya and I. Kodama......Page 143 Regional Abnormality of Restitution Properties Cause Electrical Alternans and Arrhythmia in Chronic Myocardial Infarction Y. Hosoya, K. Yuuki, I. Kubota and M. Yumaki......Page 144 Purpose......Page 145 Analysis of Virtual Electrode Polarization Induced Break Excitation and Capture Mechanisms of Excitation Propagation by Electrical Point Stimulus T. Arafune, Y. Takata, S. Nashimoto, T. Yamaguchi, E. Kobayashi, I. Sakuma, N. Shibata, H. Nakagawa, M. Yamazaki, H. Honjo, K. Kamiya and I. Kodama......Page 146 1. Introduction......Page 147 2. Methods......Page 148 3. Results......Page 149 4. Discussion......Page 150 References......Page 151 2. Methods......Page 152 3.1. Effects of Regional Epicardial Cooling of the RVOT and Additional VNS on Surface ECG and MAP......Page 153 3.3. Venhicular Vulnerability......Page 154 References......Page 155 Long-Term Treatment with Glibenclamide Increases Susceptibility of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Heart to Reperfusion-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia N. Takahashi, T. Ooie, M. Nakagawa and T. Saikawa......Page 157 4 Genetics of Arrhythmias......Page 158 1. Introduction......Page 160 3.1. Animal Characteristics......Page 161 3.3. Configuration of Electrocardiograms in Complete A VB Mouse......Page 162 References......Page 163 1. Introduction......Page 164 5. Result......Page 165 References......Page 166 Conclusions;......Page 167 Conclusions;......Page 168 Conclusions......Page 169 Clinical Relevance of Pilsicainide Challenge Test for Risk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Brugada Type ECG S. Sasaki, A. Iwasa, T. Higuma, S. Owada and K. Okumura......Page 170 Complete RBBB Pattern in ECGs in Patients with Brugada Syndrome Associated with a Higher Incidence of Ventricular Fibrillation Events N. Tsuboi, I. Kodama, Y. Yoshida, K. Tajima, H. Hirayama, T. Itoh, J. Toyama, K. Yamada, T. Yamada and Y. Murakami......Page 171 Objective:......Page 172 5 Computer Simulation......Page 174 1. Introduction......Page 176 3.1 Spatial Distribution of AV,,, and Its Dependence on Shock Strength......Page 177 3.3 Shock-induced AV, Maps in a Sheet......Page 178 4. Discussion......Page 179 References......Page 180 1 Background......Page 181 3 Results and Conclusions......Page 182 References......Page 184 Computer Simulations on High Frequency Components of ECG Due to Micro-Necroses Y. Okamoto, N. Zenda, M. Kasama, H. Shimojima and T. Tsutsumi......Page 185 On the Genesis of the Injury Potentials Y. Okamoto, M. Kondoh and S. Mashima......Page 186 1. Introduction......Page 187 3. Results and Discussion......Page 188 References......Page 190 2. Method and Material......Page 191 3. Results......Page 192 4. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 194 References......Page 195 6 Sudden Cardiac Death......Page 196 Electrocardiographic Predictors of Cardiac Events in MADIT I1 Patients W. Zareba......Page 198 Quantification of Heart Rate Turbulence......Page 199 Patients......Page 200 Disease......Page 201 Conclusions......Page 202 References......Page 205 1. Introduction......Page 207 2.1. Subjects......Page 208 2.4. Statistical Analysis......Page 209 3.2. Test of Low HRV......Page 210 3.3. Survival Analysis......Page 211 4. Discussion......Page 212 References......Page 214 Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiach Death Using Microvolt T-Wave Alternans in Postmyocardial Infarction Patients T. Ikeda, K. Sugi and H. Yoshino......Page 215 Measurement of Microvolt TWA......Page 216 Follow-up and End Points......Page 217 Outcome of Prognostic Valuables......Page 218 Discussion......Page 219 References......Page 220 Clinical Application of BRS (Baroreflex Sensitivity) for Risk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death and CHF R. Nohara......Page 225 BRS and Survival:......Page 226 References......Page 229 Corrected QT Dispersion is the Predictor in Coronary Microvascular Ischemia T. Ohta, S. Kodama, N. Morito, E. Yahiro, H. Mihara, K. Miyoshi, Y. Yamanouchi and H. Urata......Page 232 Conclusions:......Page 233 7 New Frontier in Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology......Page 234 1.1. Introduction......Page 236 1.3. Diagnostic Criteria......Page 237 1.4. Genetic Basis......Page 239 1.5. Cellular and Ionic Basis......Page 240 1.6. Risk Stratification......Page 243 1.7. Approach to Therapy......Page 244 References......Page 246 Methods and Material......Page 252 Ca” Release from Endoplasmic Reticulum......Page 253 VOCCs......Page 254 Na+/Ca2' Exchanger Ca2+ Extrusion Systems......Page 255 Ca2+ Entry through DHP Receptros......Page 256 Activities of Na'm (pump) ATPase in mES Cells and Derived Cardiomyocytes......Page 257 Molecular Study in Na'm ATPase and Na+/Caz' Exchangers......Page 258 # 3 ; Conclusion......Page 259 References......Page 260 Introduction......Page 263 Analysis of mRNA Expression of L-type and T-type Ca2+ Channels......Page 264 L-type CaZf channel currents......Page 265 Statistics......Page 266 mRNA expressions......Page 267 L-type Ca2+ channel current......Page 268 T-type Ca2+ channel current......Page 269 8 Ion Channels......Page 272 2. Methods......Page 275 3.5. Shifi from Flutter to Fibrillation......Page 276 4. Discussion......Page 277 References......Page 278 1. Introduction......Page 279 2. Methods......Page 280 3. Results......Page 281 References......Page 282 ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel is not Involved in the Extracellular K+ Accumulation in Ischemic Mouse Heart T. Sato, T. Saito, T. Miki, S. Seino and H. Nakaya......Page 283 Sealing of Electrically Ruptured Pores by LA3+ and Polyethyleneglycol in Rabbit Ventricular Cell Membrane R. Ochi, Y. Song and L. Fan......Page 284 1. Materials and Methods......Page 285 2.2. The Negative Znotropy of High Concentration of Insulin......Page 286 2.3. Egects of Insulin and IGF-1 on Transmembrane Calcium Injlm......Page 287 References......Page 288 1. Introduction......Page 290 3.1. ATl-receptor Stimulation Increased IKs Current......Page 291 4. Discussion......Page 292 References......Page 293 Molecular and Functional Properties of T-Type Ca2+ Channel in Mouse Embryonic Hearts N. Niwa, K. Yasui, T. Opthof; H. Takemura, A. Shimizu, M. Horiba, J.-K. Lee, H. Honjo, K. Kamiya and I. Kodama......Page 294 Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on the Electrophysiological Characteristics of Rabbit Left Atrial-Pulmonary Vein Cardiomyocytes I.-J. Chen, Y.-C. Chen, J. Wei and C.4. Lin......Page 295 Two Modes of Polyamine Block Regulating the Cardiac K+ Current IK1 as Revealed by a Study of the Kir2.1 Channel K. Ishihara......Page 296 1. Introduction......Page 297 3. Results......Page 298 4. Discussion......Page 299 References......Page 300 Relationship between KChIP2 and Transient Outward Current of Developing Rat Heart T. Kobayashi, Y. Yamada, M. Nagashima, M. Fukao, K. Kameda, S. Seki, M. Tsutsuura, Y. Ito, I. Sakuma, H. Hamada, T. Abe and N. Tohse......Page 301 Deprivation of Membrane Cholesterol Depresses Camp-Dependent Enhancement of L-Type CA Current in Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes H. Tsujikawa, H. Masumiya, Y. Song, C. Jin and R. Ochi......Page 302 Potentiation of IKS Potassium Current in Guinea-pig Ventricular Myocytes by Sphingosine- 1 -Phosphate H. Toda, W.-G. Ding, F. Toyoda, Y. Yasuda, M. Ito, M. Horie and H. Matsuura......Page 303 1. Introduction......Page 304 2. Results & Discussion......Page 305 References......Page 306 Introduction......Page 307 Results......Page 308 Discussion......Page 309 References......Page 310 1. Introduction......Page 311 3.1. Acute Inhibitory Effect of Amiodarone on IK,......Page 312 Acknowledgments......Page 313 References......Page 314 CONCLUSIONS:......Page 315 Introduction......Page 316 Case 1; 9 year-old female......Page 317 Case 2; 9 year-old female......Page 318 References......Page 319 Phenotypical Overlapping of Sick Sinus find Brugada Syndromes in a Family with a Novel SCN5A Mutation F. Yanagisawa, Y. Higashi, H. Shimojima, T. Tsutsumi, Y. Takeyama, N. Zenda, T. Makiyama and M. Horie......Page 320 1. Background......Page 321 2.4. Confocal Laser Microscopy......Page 322 3. Results......Page 323 4. Summary......Page 324 Acknowledgments......Page 325 Co-Cultured Skeletal Myocyte and Cardiomyocyte Cell-Sheets could not Establish Electrical Communication, but Caused Fibrillating Activity in Cardiomyocyte S. Miyoshi, Y. Itabashi, K. Fukuda, K. Tanimoto, T. Shimizu, Y. Hagiwara, A. Furuta, T. Tanaka, N.Nishiyama, T. Okano, H. Mitamura and S. Ogawa......Page 274 9 Genetic Basis for Cardiac Arrhythmias......Page 326 DNA Microarrays and Arrhythmias D. G. Escande......Page 328 Introduction......Page 330 Long QT Interval Syndromes......Page 331 Brugada Syndrome......Page 333 Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT)......Page 334 Andersen Syndrome......Page 335 Clinical Implications of Identification of Genetic Defects in These Disorders......Page 336 References......Page 340 Allelic Variants in Cardiac Ion Channel Genes in Patients with Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome H. Kanki......Page 344 2. Congenital LQTS......Page 345 3. Brugada Syndrome......Page 347 4. Acquired Long QT Syndrome......Page 349 References......Page 351 10 Clinical Arrhythmias......Page 352 1. Introduction......Page 354 3. Results......Page 355 Effects of Bepridil on Ventricular Response During AF......Page 356 References......Page 357 Background:......Page 359 Materials and Methods......Page 360 References......Page 361 Bulgarian General Practitioners’ Knowledge about the Atrial Fibrillation Management B. Georgiev, N. Gotcheva and I. Tomov......Page 363 Results......Page 364 Discussion......Page 365 References......Page 366 Background:......Page 368 The Differences in the Bulgarian General Practitioners’ and Cardiologists’ Approach to the Supraventricular Tachycardias Management B. Georgiev, N. Gotcheva and I. Tomov......Page 369 Results......Page 370 Discussions......Page 371 Acknowledgement......Page 372 Efficacy of Nifekalant Hydrochloride on the Management of Life-Threatening Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients with Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy T. Washizuka, M. Chinushi, H. Furushima, H. Watanabe and Y. Aizawa......Page 373 4. Conclusions......Page 374 6. Figures......Page 375 References......Page 376 Purpose......Page 377 Results......Page 378 Conclusion......Page 379 References......Page 380 Conclusions:......Page 381 Conclusion:......Page 382 2. Introduction......Page 383 3.1. Figure 1......Page 384 3.2. Figure 2......Page 385 References......Page 386 Methods......Page 387 Results......Page 389 References......Page 390 1. Introduction......Page 391 3.1. Change of QT and RR Intervals......Page 392 4. Discussion......Page 393 References......Page 394 Critical Roles of Pilsicainide at Termination of Atrial Flutter Studied by Noncontact 3D Mapping in the Canine Incision Model K. Uno, T. Iwa, I. Kato, Y. Suzuki, M. Fukuta, Y. Wakita, T. It0 and K. Shimamoto......Page 395 3. Results......Page 396 Discussion......Page 397 References......Page 398 Introduction......Page 399 Methods......Page 400 Statistical Methods......Page 401 Discussion......Page 402 Conclusions......Page 403 References......Page 407 1. Background......Page 409 3. Material and Methods......Page 410 4. Results......Page 411 References......Page 412 Introduction......Page 413 Methods......Page 414 Results......Page 415 Conclusion......Page 416 References......Page 417 11 Clinical Electrophysiology......Page 418 Distinctive Electrophysiological Properties of Pulmonary Veins in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation against Isoproterenol K. Motoki, H. Takui, H. Yabushita, K. Ikoma, R. Yasuoka, T. Hayashi and K. Ishikawa......Page 420 Introduction......Page 421 Results......Page 422 Conclusion......Page 424 References......Page 425 Introduction......Page 426 Analysis of Clinical Outcomes and Follow-up......Page 427 Efficacy of PV Isolation on Paroxysmal and Persistent AF......Page 428 Conclusion......Page 429 References......Page 430 Clinical and Electrocardiographical Predictors of Immediate Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after External Cardioversion B. Gorenek, G. Kudaiberdieva, Y. Cavusoglu, 0. Goktekin, A. Birdane, N. Ata, A. Unalir and B. Timuralp......Page 431 Relation Between Transverse Conduction Capability and the Anatomy of the Crista Terminalis in Patients with and without Atrial Flutter Y. Okumura, I. Watanabe, K. Ohkubo, H. Sugimura, K. Hashimoto, Y. Takagi, T. Nakai, S. Saito, Y. Ozawa and K. Matsumot......Page 432 Pulmonary Vein Potentials were Completely Organized by Pilsicainide Administration just before Termination of Atrial Fibrillation A. Iwasa, S. Ohwada, S. Sasaki and K. Okumura......Page 433 Conclusions:......Page 434 Electropharmacologic Evaluation of Quinidine in the Brugada Syndrome Y. Mizusawa, H. Sakurada, T. Sakai, H. Yamaguchi, J.-C. Oh, H. Okazaki, T. Tejima, M. Nishizaki and M. Hiraoka......Page 435 1. Introduction......Page 436 Recruitment of Patients......Page 437 Other Characteristics......Page 438 Conclusion......Page 439 1.1. Background......Page 441 1) Actual cases......Page 442 1.5. Conclusion......Page 444 References......Page 452 1. Background......Page 454 3.1. The Prognosis of Sudden Death Survivors......Page 455 3.3. Sudden Death Case......Page 456 4. Discussion......Page 458 5. Conclusion......Page 461 References......Page 462 Conclusion......Page 463 2. Methods......Page 464 4. Conclusion......Page 465 References......Page 467 A Novel Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Technique for Creation of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Block in Isthmus-Dependent Atrial Flutter M. Maruyama, Y. Kobayashi, Y.-K. Iwasaki, Y. Miyauchi, S. Miyamoto, T. Tadera, T. Ino, H. Atarashi, T. Katoh and T. Takano......Page 468 Frequent Association of Atrial Fibrillation does not Mean Increased Atrial Vulnerability in WPW Syndrome: Presence of “Patients Referral Bias”? K. Kuga, M. Endoh, B. Niho, A. Suzuki, M. Kanemoto. M. Enomoto, K. Yoshida and I. Yamaguchi......Page 469 Case Report......Page 470 Discussion......Page 472 References......Page 473 Optimal Temperature and Acute Effect on Sinus Node of Ablation at Junction between Superior Vena Cava and Right Atrium; Electrophysiological and Histological Evaluation Using our Thermal Balloon Catheter K. Tanaka, H. Sohara, S. Satake, Y. Watanabe and......Page 475 Results......Page 476 Conclusion......Page 477 References......Page 478 Latent Mahaim Fiber Conducted during only in Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia A. Moriyama, Y. Enjoji, H. Itakura, K. Kumagai, T. Sakai, T. Nakae, N. Tezuka, T. Sakata, M. Nor0 and K. Sugi......Page 480 A Simple Criterion of “V-H-A Pattern by Ventricular Extrastimulus” for the Diagnosis of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia S. Owada, T. Higuma, S. Sasaki, M. Kimura, T. Kobayashi, K. Ashikaga and K. Okumura......Page 481 Specific Findings of the Standard 12-Lead Electrocardiogram in Patients with Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning: Comparison with Anterior AM1 R. Ogura, Y. Hiasa, T. Takahashi, T. Tomokane, Y. Ohara, H. Miyajima, T. Ogata, N. Suzuki, K. Yuba, K. Kishi and R. Otani......Page 482 Septal Q Waves in V6 Lead Disappear during Narrow QRS Supraventricular Tachycardia: A New ECG Observation M. Noda, F. Suzuki, K. Motokawa and M. Isobe......Page 483 Causes of Exercise-Induced ST-Segment Elevation in Old Anterior Myocardial Infarction S. Taniai, Y. Koide, S. Yusu, K. Sakata, M. Yotsukura, T. Ikeda and H. Yoshino......Page 484 Electrocardiographic Characteristics of Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycarrhythmia Originating from the Right Ventricular Inflow Tract Y. Tanaka, Y. Yamauchi, A. Takahashi, K. Kumagai, Y. Yokoyama, K. Kurihara, A. Sato and K. Aonuma......Page 485 Morphological Evaluation of Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia from Anterior Aspects of Mitral Annulus Compared with those from Aortic Sinus Cusps K. Kumagai, A. Takahashi, Y. Yamauchi, Y. Yokoyama, K. Kurihara, Y. Tanaka. A. Satou and K. Aonuma......Page 486 Conclusions.......Page 487 Case reports......Page 488 References......Page 491 Case Report......Page 492 References......Page 493 2.1. Subjects......Page 495 3.2. Induction of Coronary Artery Spasm......Page 496 3.3. Case Presentation......Page 497 5. Conclusion......Page 498 Influence of Acute Vagal Activity in the Patients with Brugada Syndrome N. Yamawake, M. Nishizaki, T. Ogawa, S. Sugawara, H, Fujii, T. Ashikaga, M. Arita, H. Sakurada, M. Isobe and M. Hiraoka......Page 499 Background......Page 500 Conclusion......Page 501 References......Page 502 1. Introduction......Page 504 Statistics......Page 505 4. Discussion......Page 506 References......Page 507 Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation Caused by Acute Atrial Dilation Decreased in Rat Diseased Heart H. Suzuki, H. Otake and Y. Maruyama......Page 509 Long Term Efficacy of PV Isolation for Penitent Atrial Fibrillation Patients K. Hashimoto, I. Watanabe, K. Kawauchi, Y. Okwnura, K. Ookubo, H. Sugimura, T. Nakai, S. Saito, Y. Ozawa and K. Matumoto......Page 510 P Wave Morphology of an Arrhythmogenic Focus with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Originating from SVC or Right Superior Pulmonary Vein K. Ohkubo, I. Watanabe, Y. Okumura, T. Yamada, H. Sugimura, T. Nakai, K. Hashimoto, S. Saito, Y. Ozawa and K. Matsumot......Page 511 Methods......Page 512 Patient Characteristics......Page 513 Discussion......Page 514 References......Page 515 Effects of Pulmonary Venous Isolation during Atrial Fibrillation: Frequency Domain Analysis of Electrograms Recorded by a Basket Catheter S. Sakurai, K. Uno, D. Nagahara, K. Tsuchihashi and K. Shimamoto......Page 516 1. Introduction......Page 517 3.1 QT Dispersion during Common Bile Duct Treatmant......Page 518 3.2 Autonomic Nervous Activity During Common Bile Duct Treatment......Page 519 Discussion......Page 520 References......Page 521 2. Methods......Page 522 3. Results......Page 523 References......Page 524 Introduction......Page 525 Materials and Methods......Page 526 Discussion......Page 527 References......Page 528 12 Body Surface Mapping......Page 530 1. Introduction......Page 532 3. Results......Page 533 References......Page 535 1. Introduction......Page 536 2. Material......Page 537 4. Results......Page 538 References......Page 539 Patients and Methods......Page 540 Results......Page 541 Discussion and Conclusions......Page 543 Acknowledgement......Page 544 1. Introduction......Page 545 2. Material and Methods......Page 546 3. Results......Page 547 References......Page 548 4th International Congress on Electrocardiology 20-23 September, 1977 Balatonfiired, Hungary......Page 550 8th Congress of the International Society of Electrocardiology. 1-4 September, 1981, Budapest, Hungary......Page 551 16th International Congress on Electrocardiology, 4-6 September, 1989, Budapest, Hungary......Page 552 References......Page 553 1.1 Nine Point Method (NPM)......Page 554 2.1 Comparing Laplacian Approximations of FPM, CNPM & NPMAnd Error Calculations......Page 555 2.3 Comparing Laplacian Approximations of Bi-polar & Tri-polar Electrodes And Error Calculations.......Page 556 References......Page 557 1 Introduction......Page 558 2 Methodology......Page 559 References......Page 561 1. Introduction......Page 562 3. Method......Page 563 4. Results......Page 564 References......Page 565 Patients and Methods......Page 566 Results......Page 567 Discussion and Conclusions......Page 569 Acknowledgement......Page 570 The SIT Integral in Detection of Healed Myocardial Infarction Assessed with Body Surface Potential Mapping P. Vesterinen, H. Hanninen, M. Karvonen, K. Lauerma, M. Holmstrom, M. Makijarvi, H. Vaananen, J. Nenonen and L. Toivonen......Page 571 2. Methods......Page 572 3. Results......Page 573 References......Page 574 The Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Artery Intervention on Body Surface Potential Maps M. Medvegy, E. Szucs, G. Simonyi, T. Bauemfeind, G. Duray, K. Szakolczai, R. G. Kiss, R. J. Bedros, R. A. Nadeau and I. Prkda......Page 575 Conclusions.......Page 576 1. Introduction......Page 577 3. Methods......Page 578 4. Results......Page 579 References......Page 580 Assessment of the Diastolic Function by Body Surface Potential Maps in Ischemic Heart Disease T. Bauemfeind, I. Prkda, E. Szucs, G. Duray, G. Simonyi, K. Szakolczai, R. G. Kiss, R. J. Bedros and M. Medvegy......Page 581 Simulation and Measurement of Single Component versus Three Component Cardiomagnetic Fields J. Haueisen, L. di Rienzo, C. M. Arturi, M. Liehr and M. Goering......Page 582 Non-Invasive Assessment of Atrial Wave Length by P Wave Signal Averaged Electrocardiography N. Makino, H. Maekawa, T. Shimonagata, N. Misaki, T. Yamada, M. Asai, H. Kioka, S. Tamaki, T. Matsumoto and M. Fukunami......Page 583 1. Introduction......Page 584 2. Patients and Methods......Page 585 3. Results......Page 586 4. Discussion......Page 587 References......Page 589 1. Background......Page 590 2. Methods......Page 591 4. Discussion......Page 592 References......Page 593 13 ECGNCG......Page 594 2. Objectives......Page 596 4.1. In Study 1......Page 597 5.2. In Study 2......Page 598 References......Page 599 1. Introduction......Page 600 3.2.1 Autoregressive moving average model......Page 601 3.2.3 Quantification of AIQP......Page 602 6. Conclusions......Page 603 References......Page 604 Results......Page 605 Conclusions......Page 606 Body Surface Potential Mapping to Identify Patients with Ejection Fraction Improvement after Biventricular Pacing N. Samesima, C. A. Pastore, N. Tobias, A. Pedrosa, L. F. Moreira, S. Nishioka, M. Martinelli F" and J. F. Ramires......Page 607 Material and Method......Page 608 Biventricular Pacemaker Implantation......Page 609 Results......Page 610 Discussion......Page 613 References......Page 615 1. Introduction......Page 618 4. Results and Discussion......Page 619 References......Page 621 Body Surface Potential Mapping Electro-Temporal Study of Resynchronization Patients with LBBB and Heart Failure: Comparison of Right and Left Ventricular Activation C. A. Pastore, N. Tobias, M. M. Filho, A. Pedrosa, S. Nishioka, R. A. Douglas, L. F. Moreira and J. F. Ramires......Page 623 1. Introduction......Page 624 2.1. Study Population......Page 627 2.2. Methods......Page 629 3. Results......Page 631 4. Discussion......Page 633 4.2. Study Limitations......Page 636 References......Page 637 1. Introduction......Page 641 2.2. Holter ECG Recordings and Data Analysis......Page 642 3. Results......Page 643 References......Page 644 2. Methods......Page 645 3. Results......Page 647 References......Page 648 Introduction......Page 650 Results......Page 651 References......Page 652 Patient Population......Page 654 ECG Measurements......Page 655 Exercise ECG Data......Page 656 Rate Adaptation of QT and QTp Intervals......Page 657 Discussion......Page 658 References......Page 659 Introduction......Page 660 Methods......Page 661 Results......Page 662 Minimum AFCL and Refractory Period......Page 663 Conclusions......Page 664 References......Page 668 1 Introduction......Page 669 3 Results......Page 670 References......Page 672 Electrocardiography Fails to Diagnose Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Accurately in Women H. Ochi, S. Miyata, A. Noda, M. Iwase, S. Kuroki, Y. Koike, R. Ito, H. Yamada and M. Yokota......Page 673 Results......Page 674 References......Page 675 2. Method and Experimental Material......Page 677 3. Results and Discussion......Page 679 References......Page 680 1.2 Methods......Page 681 1.3 Results......Page 682 1.3 Discussion......Page 684 References......Page 685 Conclusion:......Page 686 2. Methods......Page 687 3. Results......Page 688 References......Page 690 Conclusion:......Page 691 Conclusion:......Page 692 1. Introduction......Page 693 3. Results......Page 695 References......Page 696 1. Materials and Methods......Page 698 The former diagnostic criteria......Page 699 2.3. Diagnostic Accuracy of Computer Interpretations......Page 700 Conclusion......Page 702 1. Introduction......Page 703 2. The Derived 12-lead ECG......Page 704 3. A 12-lead ECG Telemonitor......Page 705 References......Page 706 1. Introduction......Page 708 2. Methods......Page 709 References......Page 711 1. Introduction......Page 712 3.2. High-frequency Spectral Analysis of SAECG......Page 713 4. Results......Page 714 Acknowledgments......Page 715 References......Page 716 Assessment of Signal-Averaged P-Wave as a Predictor of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery T. Nakai, Y. Kasamaki, T. Yamada, K. Okubo, K. Tokai, K. Hashimoto, A. Sezai, I. Watanabe, S. Saito and K. Matsumoto......Page 717 Different Manifestation of Premature Ventricular Contractions by their Origin S. Nakahara, K. Takayanagi, T. Nakata, K. Tanaka, I. Hisauti, T. Hayashi and S. Morooka......Page 718 Methods......Page 720 Discussion......Page 721 Conclusion......Page 722 References......Page 723 1.1. Autonomic Nervous Activity and Its Evaluation......Page 724 2.2. Analysis......Page 725 3.1. Diurnal Change of the Minimum and Maximum Y-values......Page 726 4. Discussion......Page 727 References......Page 728 Methods......Page 729 Results......Page 730 Discussion......Page 731 References......Page 732 1. Introduction......Page 733 2.3. R w