Advances in Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems and in Cross-Cultural Psychological Studies (Intelligent Systems Reference Library Book 134)

This book offers valuable new insights into the design of culturally-aware systems. In its first part, it is devoted to presenting selected Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems devised in the field of Artificial Intelligence and its second part consists of two sub-parts that offer a source of inspiration for building modelizations of Culture and of its influence on the human mind and behavior, to be used in new Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems. Those sub-parts present the results of experiments conducted in two fields that study Culture and its influence on the human mind{u2019}s functions: Cultural Neuroscience and Cross-Cultural Psychology. In this era of globalization, people from different countries and cultures have the opportunity to interact directly or indirectly in a wide variety of contexts. Despite differences in their ways of thinking and reasoning, their behaviors, their values, lifestyles, customs and habits, languages, religions {u2013} in a word, their cultures {u2013} they must be able to collaborate on projects, to understand each other{u2019}s views, to communicate in such a way that they don{u2019}t offend each other, to anticipate the effects of their actions on others, and so on. As such, it is of primary importance to understand how culture affects people{u2019}s mental activities, such as perception, interpretation, reasoning, emotion and behavior, in order to anticipate possible misunderstandings due to differences in handling the same situation, and to try and resolve them. Artificial Intelligence, and more specifically, the field of Intelligent Systems design, aims at building systems that mimic the behavior of human beings in order to complete tasks more efficiently than humans could by themselves. Consequently, in the last decade, experts and scholars in the field of Intelligent Systems have been increasingly tackling the notion of cultural awareness. A Culturally-Aware Intelligent System can be defined as a system where Culture-related or, more generally, socio-cultural information is modeled and used to design the human-machine interface, or to provide support with the task carried out by the system, be it reasoning, simulation or any other task involving cultural knowledge Front Matter ....Pages i-xxviii Introduction (Colette Faucher)....Pages 1-7 Front Matter ....Pages 9-9 Culturally-Aware HCI Systems (Rüdiger Heimgärtner)....Pages 11-37 Building Emic-Based Cultural Mediations to Support Artificial Cultural Awareness (Jean Petit, Jean-Charles Boisson, Francis Rousseaux)....Pages 39-61 Teaching an Australian Aboriginal Knowledge Sharing Process (Cat Kutay)....Pages 63-96 Culturally-Aware Healthcare Systems (Langxuan Yin, Timothy Bickmore)....Pages 97-110 Combining a Data-Driven and a Theory-Based Approach to Generate Culture-Dependent Behaviours for Virtual Characters (Birgit Lugrin, Julian Frommel, Elisabeth André)....Pages 111-142 Mental Activity and Culture: The Elusive Real World (Gert Jan Hofstede)....Pages 143-164 Affective Body Movements (for Robots) Across Cultures (Matthias Rehm)....Pages 165-188 Modeling Cultural and Personality Biases in Decision-Making (Eva Hudlicka)....Pages 189-209 Considering the Needs and Culture of the Local Population in Contemporary Military Intervention Simulations: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach (Jean-Yves Bergier, Colette Faucher)....Pages 211-233 Simple Culture-Informed Cognitive Models of the Adversary (Paul K. Davis)....Pages 235-261 Front Matter ....Pages 263-263 Cultural Neuroscience (R. Thora Bjornsdottir, Nicholas O. Rule)....Pages 265-282 Cultural Neuroscience and the Military: Applications, Perspectives, Controversies (Kamila Trochowska)....Pages 283-310 Front Matter ....Pages 311-311 Cross-Cultural Dimensions, Metaphors, and Paradoxes: An Exploratory Comparative Analysis (Martin J. Gannon, Palash Deb)....Pages 313-334 A Model of Culture-Based Communication (Bilyana Martinovski)....Pages 335-350 Dynamic Decision Making Across Cultures (C. Dominik Güss, Elizabeth Teta)....Pages 351-365 When Beliefs and Logic Contradict: Issues of Values, Religion and Culture (Vladimíra Čavojová)....Pages 367-390 Social Influence and Intercultural Differences (Lionel Rodrigues, Jérôme Blondé, Fabien Girandola)....Pages 391-413 The Influence of Emotion and Culture on Language Representation and Processing (Dana M. Basnight-Brown, Jeanette Altarriba)....Pages 415-432 Creating a Culture of Innovation (Arthur B. Markman)....Pages 433-447 The Wonder of Reason at the Psychological Roots of Violence (Mauro Maldonato)....Pages 449-459 Annotation This book offers valuable new insights into the design of culturally-aware systems. In its first part, it is devoted to presenting selected Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems devised in the field of Artificial Intelligence and its second part consists of two sub-parts that offer a source of inspiration for building modelizations of Culture and of its influence on the human mind and behavior, to be used in new Culturally-Aware Intelligent Systems. Those sub-parts present the results of experiments conducted in two fields that study Culture and its influence on the human mind's functions: Cultural Neuroscience and Cross-Cultural Psychology. In this era of globalization, people from different countries and cultures have the opportunity to interact directly or indirectly in a wide variety of contexts. Despite differences in their ways of thinking and reasoning, their behaviors, their values, lifestyles, customs and habits, languages, religions - in a word, their cultures - they must be able to collaborate on projects, to understand each other's views, to communicate in such a way that they don't offend each other, to anticipate the effects of their actions on others, and so on. As such, it is of primary importance to understand how culture affects people's mental activities, such as perception, interpretation, reasoning, emotion and behavior, in order to anticipate possible misunderstandings due to differences in handling the same situation, and to try and resolve them. Artificial Intelligence, and more specifically, the field of Intelligent Systems design, aims at building systems that mimic the behavior of human beings in order to complete tasks more efficiently than humans could by themselves. Consequently, in the last decade, experts and scholars in the field of Intelligent Systems have been increasingly tackling the notion of cultural awareness. A Culturally-Aware Intelligent System can be defined as a system where Culture-related or, more generally, socio-cultural information is modeled and used to design the human-machine interface, or to provide support with the task carried out by the system, be it reasoning, simulation or any other task involving cultural knowledge