Advances in Cryogenic Engineering: Proceedings of the 1965 Cryogenic Engineering Conference Rice University Houston, Texas August 23–25, 1965 (Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 11)

The 1965 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, in presenting the papers of its eleventh annual meeting takes this opportunity to gratefuIly acknowledge the assistance of Rice University and, in particular, R. Kobayashi and his staff for serving as hosts for this conference. This meeting, because of its proximity to the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, has recognized the impact of the space age on the cryogenic field and has, there­ fore, attempted to emphasize this aspect of cryogenics to a greater degree than in past conferences. The highlight of this conference has been the presentation of the highest Cryogenic Engineering Conference award-The Samuel C. CoIlins Award-to its first recipient, Dr. Samuel C. Collins. This award, set up in his name, has recognized the outstanding contributions that Dr. S. C. CoIlins, retired Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has made in the field of helium liquefaction. His significant advances in various phases of cryogenics have been recognized inter­ nationaIly by numerous organizations. High on this list has been the tribute which was bestowed on hirn by the Kamerlingh-Onnes Laboratory in Leiden in awarding hirn the first Kamerlingh-Onnes gold medal to an American in 1958. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference, in addition to recognizing his pioneering work in helium liquefaction by the presentation of the Samuel C. Collins Award, also dedicates this volume of the Advances in Cryogenic Engineering to hirn. Front Matter....Pages i-ix The Impact of the Space Age on Cryogenics....Pages 1-10 Helium Refrigerator and Liquefier....Pages 11-15 Shingle Multilayer Insulation for Space Vehicles Using Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 16-25 Effects of Compressive Loads on the Heat Flux Through Multilayer Insulations....Pages 26-34 Experimental Evaluation of Some Selected Lightweight Superinsulation for Space Vehicles....Pages 35-48 Effective Purging of High-Performance Multilayer Insulation Systems....Pages 49-55 Experimental Evaluation of the Equations and Parameters Governing Flow through Multilayer Insulations during Evacuation....Pages 56-64 Effect of Convection in Helium-Charged, Partial-Foam Insulations for Liquid Hydrogen Propellant Tanks....Pages 65-76 Some Heat Transfer Considerations in Nonevacuated Cryogenic Powder Insulation....Pages 77-88 Development of the Saturn S-IV and S-IVB Liquid Hydrogen Tank Internal Insulation....Pages 89-97 Considerations in the Design, Selection, and Use of Vacuum-Insulated Pipe....Pages 98-106 Design of a Closed-Cycle Helium Temperature Refrigerator....Pages 107-115 Capacity and Economic Performance of a Large 5°K Helium Refrigerator....Pages 116-125 A Cold-Moderator Refrigerator Incorporating a High-Speed Turbine Expander....Pages 126-138 Refrigeration Requirements for a Superconducting Continuous-Sheet Computer Memory....Pages 139-151 The Gifford-McMahon Cycle....Pages 152-159 The Performance of Refrigeration Cycles Below 100°R....Pages 160-170 Surface Heat Pumping....Pages 171-179 Local High-Intensity Cryogenic Cooling....Pages 180-188 Simplifying Large Cryogenic Research Tankage Temperature Measurements....Pages 189-197 Cooling with Solid Cryogens—A Review....Pages 198-201 Fluid Hydrogen Slush—A Review....Pages 202-206 Liquid-Solid Mixtures of Hydrogen Near the Triple Point....Pages 207-217 A Superconducting Liquid-Level Sensor for Slush Hydrogen Use....Pages 218-222 Self-Sealing Shields for Micrometeorite Protection....Pages 223-230 Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Cryogenic Tanks for Lunar Storage....Pages 231-240 Extraterrestrial Cryogenic Propellants Reliquefaction....Pages 241-250 Saturn Vehicle Cryogenic Programs....Pages 251-258 Atmosphere Storage Systems for Life Support—A Review....Pages 259-260 Heat of Fusion and Density of Solid Parahydrogen at Pressures to about 400 Atmospheres....Pages 261-271 Method for Determination of Density of Cryogenic Liquids and Mixtures....Pages 272-276 Hazard Studies with Hydrogen and Oxygen in the Liquid and Solid Phases....Pages 277-286 Investigation of Potential Low Temperature Insulators....Pages 287-299 Physical Properties of Filament Wound Glass Epoxy Structures as Applied to Possible Use in Liquid Hydrogen Bubble Chambers....Pages 300-320 Neon-Hydrogen Bubble Chambers....Pages 321-327 Absorptance of Thermal Radiation by Cryodeposit Layers....Pages 328-337 Solid-Vapor Equilibrium in the System Helium-Methane....Pages 338-348 Liquid-Vapor Phase Equilibria of the Neon-Normal Hydrogen System....Pages 349-355 Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium in the System Neon-Oxygen From 63° to 152°K and at Pressures to 5000 PSI....Pages 356-366 Analysis for Trace Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Oxygen Reboilers....Pages 367-371 The Vapor Pressure of Dry Air at Low Temperatures....Pages 372-378 The P-V-T Behavior of Nitrogen, Argon, and Their Mixtures....Pages 379-391 Calculation of Enthalpy Data from a Modified Redlich-Kwong Equation of State....Pages 392-400 A Cryostat for Izod Impact Testing....Pages 401-408 Mechanical Properties of Electroformed Nickel at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures....Pages 409-422 New Weldable High-Strength Aluminum Alloys for Cryogenic Service....Pages 423-436 The Development of Titanium and Inconel Cryogenic Pressure Vessels....Pages 437-446 Tensile and Creep Properties of a High Nitrogen Content 18/10 (AISI 304-L) Stainless Steel at Cryogenic Temperatures....Pages 447-452 Cryogenic Design Data and Criteria of Aerospace Materials Subjected to Uniaxial and Biaxial Stress States....Pages 453-469 Cryogenic Properties of High-Strength Glass-Reinforced Plastics....Pages 470-477 Measuring the Combined Effects of Nuclear Radiation and Cryotemperatures on the Tensile and Shear Properties of Materials....Pages 478-485 Effect of Nuclear Radiation and Liquid Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties of Three Phenolic Materials....Pages 486-491 Comparative Study of Forced Convection Boiling Heat Transfer Correlations for Cryogenic Fluids....Pages 492-506 Boiling Heat Transfer from Cylinders in a Saturated Liquid Helium II Bath....Pages 507-515 Nucleate and Film Boiling Heat Transfer to Nitrogen and Methane at Elevated Pressures and Large Temperature Differences....Pages 516-529 Heat Transfer by the Circulation of Supercritical Helium....Pages 530-535 Cooldown of Insulated Metal Tubes to Cryogenic Temperatures....Pages 536-546 A Method of Increasing Heat Transfer to Space Chamber Cryopanels....Pages 547-553 Chilldown and Storage Losses of Large Liquid Hydrogen Storage Dewars....Pages 554-560 Further Experimental Study of H 2 O-LH 2 Heat Exchangers....Pages 561-567 Heat Transfer Domains for Fluids in a Variable Gravity Field with Some Applications to Storage of Cryogens in Space....Pages 568-583 A Study of Bubble Motion in Liquid Nitrogen....Pages 584-592 Quartz-To-Metal and Large Diameter Metal-To-Metal Recycling Cryogenic High-Vacuum Seals....Pages 593-600 An Automatic Liquid Nitrogen Distribution System for Twenty-Five Cold Traps....Pages 601-606 An Electrically Pumped Liquid Helium Transfer System....Pages 607-611 Gas Bath Cryostat for Wide-Range Temperature Control....Pages 612-616 Design of Para-Orthohydrogen Catalytic Reactors....Pages 617-630 A Technique for Determining the Local Heat Leak into a Cryogenic Pipe....Pages 631-637 High-Field Liquid-Neon-Cooled Electromagnets....Pages 638-642 A Superconducting Magnetic Bottle....Pages 643-651 Critical State of Superconducting Solenoids....Pages 652-658 The Performance of Large Superconducting Coils....Pages 659-667 Cryogenics and Aluminum in Electrical Manufacturing....Pages 668-674 Dynamic Protection of Superconductive Coils....Pages 675-683 Some Remarks on Cryogenic Cables....Pages 684-693 A Vibrating Coil Magnetometer for Use at Very Low Temperatures....Pages 694-698 Back Matter....Pages 699-712 The 1965 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, in presenting the papers of its eleventh annual meeting takes this opportunity to gratefuIly acknowledge the assistance of Rice University and, in particular, R. Kobayashi and his staff for serving as hosts for this conference. This meeting, because of its proximity to the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, has recognized the impact of the space age on the cryogenic field and has, thereƯ fore, attempted to emphasize this aspect of cryogenics to a greater degree than in past conferences. The highlight of this conference has been the presentation of the highest Cryogenic Engineering Conference award-The Samuel C. CoIlins Award-to its first recipient, Dr. Samuel C. Collins. This award, set up in his name, has recognized the outstanding contributions that Dr. S.C. CoIlins, retired Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has made in the field of helium liquefaction. His significant advances in various phases of cryogenics have been recognized interƯ nationaIly by numerous organizations. High on this list has been the tribute which was bestowed on hirn by the Kamerlingh-Onnes Laboratory in Leiden in awarding hirn the first Kamerlingh-Onnes gold medal to an American in 1958. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference, in addition to recognizing his pioneering work in helium liquefaction by the presentation of the Samuel C. Collins Award, also dedicates this volume of the Advances in Cryogenic Engineering to hirn