Advances in Computing, Informatics, Networking and Cybersecurity: A Book Honoring Professor Mohammad S. Obaidat’s Significant Scientific Contributions (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 289)

This book presents new research contributions in the above-mentioned fields. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have an integral role in today{u2019}s society. Four major driving pillars in the field are computing, which nowadays enables data processing in unprecedented speeds, informatics, which derives information stemming for processed data to feed relevant applications, networking, which interconnects the various computing infrastructures and cybersecurity for addressing the growing concern for secure and lawful use of the ICT infrastructure and services. Its intended readership covers senior undergraduate and graduate students in Computer Science and Engineering and Electrical Engineering, as well as researchers, scientists, engineers, ICT managers, working in the relevant fields and industries Preface About Professor Mohammad S. Obaidat Contents Computing Workload Scheduling in Fog and Cloud Environments: Emerging Concepts and Research Directions 1 Introduction 2 Cloud Computing 2.1 Characteristics 2.2 Service Models 2.3 Deployment Models 3 The Internet of Things and Fog Computing 3.1 Fog Computing 4 Workloads in Fog and Cloud Environments 4.1 Fine-Grained Parallel Applications 4.2 Coarse-Grained Parallel Applications 4.3 Embarrassingly Parallel Applications 5 Scheduling Problem 5.1 Definition 5.2 Objectives in Cloud and Fog Platforms 6 Established Scheduling Techniques 6.1 Gang Scheduling 6.2 Workflow Scheduling 6.3 Bag-of-Tasks Scheduling 7 Scheduling Trends and Challenges 7.1 Hybrid Clouds 7.2 Fog and Cloud Collaboration 7.3 Real-Time Constraints 7.4 Energy Efficiency 7.5 Dynamic Scaling 8 Conclusions References A Comprehensive Survey of Estimator Learning Automata and Their Recent Convergence Results 1 Introduction 1.1 Learning Automata 1.2 Contributions of This Paper 2 Estimator Algorithms 2.1 Rationale and Motivation 2.2 Continuous Estimator Algorithms 2.3 The TSE Algorithm 2.4 The Generalized Pursuit Algorithm 2.5 Discretized Estimator Algorithms 2.6 The Use of Bayesian Estimates in PAs 3 Previously-Reported Inaccurate ``Proofs'' 4 The Proofs for the Pursuit Learning Paradigm 5 Proofs of Convergence of the Pursuit-Paradigm-Based LA 5.1 The Previous Erroneous ``Proof'' 5.2 The New State-of-The-Art Proofs 6 Conclusions References Multimodal Data Fusion 1 Introduction 2 Incomplete Multimodal Data Fusion Algorithm Based on Deep Semantic Matching 2.1 Problem Description 2.2 Incomplete Multimodal Non-negative Matrix Factorization 2.3 Local Invariant Graph Regularization 2.4 Incomplete Multimodal Deep Semantic Matching Algorithm 2.5 Model Optimization 2.6 Algorithm Complexity Analysis 3 Incremental Co-clustering Fusion Algorithm for Parameter-Free Multimodal Data 3.1 Problem Description 3.2 Multimodal Feature Similarity Measurement and Learning Strategy 3.3 Incremental Cluster Update 3.4 Adaptive Modal Weight Adjustment 3.5 Multimodal Incremental Co-clustering Fusion Algorithm 4 Deep Heterogeneous Transfer Learning Model 4.1 Problem Formulation 4.2 Deep Semantic Mapping Mechanism 4.3 Training the DHTL Model 4.4 Prediction by Deep Transfer Model 5 Unsupervised Multi-View Non-Negative Correlated Feature Learning 5.1 Problem Formulation 5.2 Correlated and Uncorrelated Feature Learning 5.3 Optimization 6 Conclusion References Efficient Parallel Implementation of Cellular Automata and Stencil Computations in Current Processors 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Cellular Automata Model 4 Current CPU Architecture 4.1 Roofline Model 5 Optimization 5.1 Reducing Memory Size 5.2 Reusing CA Elements 5.3 Matrices to Hold the Neighbor Information and the CA Input and Output 5.4 Eliminating Conditional Structures 5.5 Loop Unrolling 5.6 Vectorization and Packet Coding 5.7 Data Pipelining 5.8 Spatial Blocking 5.9 Temporal Blocking 6 Conclusions and Future Work References A Comprehensive Review on Edge Computing: Focusing on Mobile Users 1 Introduction 1.1 The Road to the Edge Computing 1.2 Trends 1.3 Motivation and Contribution 2 Overview of Basic Concepts 2.1 Mobile and Pervasive Computing 2.2 Cloud Computing, VMs and Containers 2.3 Mobile Cloud Computing 2.4 Edge Computing 3 The State-of-the Art of Edge Computing Paradigms 3.1 Cloudlets 3.2 Fog Computing 3.3 Multi-access Edge Computing 3.4 A High-Level Comparison 4 Applications Categories and MEC Relation to Crowdsourcing 4.1 Categories 4.2 MEC Key Elements to Crowdsourcing Architecture 5 Issues and Open Research Challenges 6 Conclusion References Informatics Smart Healthcare: Rough Set Theory in Predicting Heart Disease 1 Introduction 2 Background Literature 3 Methods 3.1 Classical Rough Set Approach (CRSA) 3.2 Mathematical Preliminaries of CRSA 3.3 Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) 4 Problem Dataset 4.1 Data Preprocessing and Discretization 4.2 Rule Induction from CRSA and VC DRSA 5 Brief Overview of Machine Learning Tools 5.1 Statistical Classifier C4.5 5.2 Random Forest 5.3 Naïve Bayes 5.4 Support Vector Machines (SVM) 5.5 Logistic Regression 5.6 Multilayer Perceptron 6 Performance Evaluation Metrics 7 Results 8 Discussion 8.1 Applicability of Decision Rules in Detecting Heart Disease 9 Conclusions Appendix: Description of the Variables in the Information Table References Healthcare Patient Flow Modeling and Analysis with Timed Petri Nets 1 Introduction 2 Petri Nets 2.1 Definition 2.2 Transition Firing Rules 2.3 Modeling Power 2.4 System Analysis with Petri Net Models 2.5 Timed Petri Nets 3 Patient Flow and Modeling 3.1 Patient Flow 3.2 Initial Petri Net Model of the Patient Flow 3.3 Modeling Resource Requirements 3.4 Modeling Time 3.5 Identify Resource Usage and Task Durations 4 Patient Flow Evaluation 4.1 STPN Simulation 4.2 Performance Evaluation 4.3 Simulation Set Up and Results 5 Refinement of Patient Flow Model 6 Conclusion References Enabling and Enforcing Social Distancing Measures at Smart Parking Infrastructures Using Blockchain Technology in COVID-19 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 COVID-19 Pandemic 2.2 Social Distancing 2.3 Smart Parking 2.4 Blockchain Technology 3 Blockchain-Based Framework with Social Distancing in Smart Parking 4 Features of Using Blockchain Technologies for Social Distancing in Smart Parking 5 Analysis of Proposed Model 5.1 Financial Analysis 5.2 Security Analysis 6 Conclusion References Using DEVS for Full Life Cycle Model-Based System Engineering in Complex Network Design 1 Introduction 2 Complex Network Design in Emergency Decision Making 2.1 Emergency Decision-Making and Requirements 2.2 Problems with Current MANET Modeling and Simulation 2.3 Towards DEVS-Based Methodology for Complex Network Modeling and Simulation 2.4 Summary 3 DEVS in Complex Network Design 4 Specification of Required Behaviors Using UML/SysML Metamodels that Map to Hierarchical DEVS Simulation Models 4.1 Enabling Implementation of Various Routing Infrastructures 5 High-Level Specification of Routing Mechanisms in DEVS 5.1 Routing Processes as Network Models 5.2 DEVS Modeling Levels 5.3 RDEVS as a Formalization of the Network Model 5.4 Computer Networks as a Domain-Specific Example 6 Co-simulation of Complex Networks 6.1 Co-simulation Principles 6.2 DEVS as Co-simulation Support 6.3 Network Co-simulation Example 6.4 Synthesis on Co-simulation 7 DEVS-Based Infrastructure to Design Complex Networks 7.1 DEVS-Based Architecture for MANET Simulation 7.2 OSI Model and Communication Stack 7.3 Virtual Communication Stack 7.4 Co-simulation Using the VCS and DEVS 7.5 Integrated Software-in-the-Loop and Hardware-in-the-Loop Paradigms 7.6 Summary 8 Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of Complex Data Networks 8.1 Combining Packet and Fluid DEVS Network Models 8.2 Performance and Accuracy of Hybrid Topologies in PowerDEVS 8.3 Synthesis on Hybrid Simulation 9 Summary and Conclusions References Touchless Palmprint and Fingerprint Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Palmprint Recognition 2.1 Acquisition 2.2 Preprocessing 2.3 Feature Extraction and Matching 3 Fingerprint Recognition 3.1 Acquisition 3.2 Preprocessing 3.3 Feature Extraction and Matching 4 Conclusions References A Survey of IoT Software Platforms 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 IoT Platforms Selection 2.2 IoT Platforms Evaluation 3 Background and Evaluation Scheme 3.1 The Role of IoT Platforms 3.2 Evaluation Criteria 4 Survey of IoT Platforms 4.1 Research Sample 4.2 Comparative Analysis 4.3 Discussion 5 Challenges 6 Conclusions References Networking FLER: Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Efficient Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 FLER Protocol 3.1 Network Model 3.2 Energy Consumption Model 3.3 Proposed Routing Mechanism 3.4 Fuzzy Logic System 4 Performance Evaluation 4.1 Simulation Environment 4.2 Simulation Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Application of Device-to-Device Communication in Video Streaming for 5G Wireless Networks 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 DABAST: The Architecture 3.1 DABAST 3.2 The CSVD and DISCS Algorithms 4 Modeling DABAST with DEVS 5 Simulation Scenarios and Results 6 Conclusion References 5G Green Network 1 Introduction 2 Energy Efficiency of Random Cellular Networks 2.1 Related Work 2.2 System Model 2.3 Hard-Core Point Process Cellular Networks 2.4 Spectrum and Energy Efficiency 2.5 Simulation Results 2.6 Conclusions 3 5G Ultra-Dense Networks with Nonuniform Distributed Users 3.1 Related Work 3.2 System Model 3.3 Coverage Probability, Blocking Probability 3.4 Throughput and Energy Efficiency 3.5 Simulation Results 3.6 Conclusions References Geocommunity Based Data Forwarding in Social Delay Tolerant Networks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Open Challenges W.r.t. Security 4 Open Challenges W.r.t. Green Communication 5 Open Challenges W.r.t. Machine Learning Based Routing 6 Open Challenges W.r.t. Multi Geocasting 7 Experimental Analysis 7.1 Real Mobility Datasets 7.2 Performance Metrics 7.3 Results 8 Conclusion References Resource Allocation Challenges in the Cloud and Edge Continuum 1 Introduction 2 Grids 3 Clouds 4 Edge/Fog Computing 5 Datacenters 6 Networking Technologies 7 Close-Loop Resources Orchestration 8 Resource Allocation Problem Formulation 9 Simulation Results 10 Conclusions References Collaborative Caching Strategy in Content-Centric Networking 1 Introduction 2 Design and Implementation of Cache Scheme Based on Cooperation Between On-path Caching and Off-path Caching 2.1 Problem Description and Analysis 2.2 Construction of Collaborative Caching Model 2.3 Problem Solving 2.4 Caching Strategy Based on On-path Caching and Off-path Caching 2.5 Performance Analysis 3 Design and Implementation of Cache Scheme Based on Network Energy Minimization 3.1 Problem Description 3.2 Caching Scheme Based on Network Energy Minimization 3.3 Performance Analysis 4 Conclusion References Blockchain-Based Software-Defined Vehicular Networks for Intelligent Transportation System Beyond 5G 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance of SDN in VANET 1.2 Role of Cloud in VANET 1.3 Need for Advance Communication Technologies 1.4 Lacuna in VANET with 5G Communication 1.5 Research Contributions 1.6 Organization 2 Software Defined Vehicular Network 2.1 Communication Technologies Advancements 2.2 Limitations 2.3 Introduction to Blockchain 2.4 Security Aspects of Blockchain in Existing Solutions 2.5 Amalgamation of Blockchain and VANET 3 5G-SDVN 3.1 Need of Security 3.2 Blockchain-Based Decentralized SDVN 3.3 Deployment and Privacy Protection 3.4 Benefits and Challenges 4 Research Challenges and Future Perspectives 5 Conclusion References Application Layer Protocols for Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 IoT Architecture 3 IoT Protocols and Technologies 3.1 IoT Network Communication Protocols 3.2 IoT Application Protocols 3.3 Evaluation of IoT Communication Protocols References Resource Allocation in Satellite Networks—From Physical to Virtualized Network Functions 1 Introduction 2 Vertical QoS Mapping 3 QoS Gateways for Satellite and Radio Communication 3.1 Network Topology and Bandwidth Allocation Scheme 3.2 A Simple Channel Model 3.3 Bandwidth Allocation Algorithms 4 From Analytical Modeling to ML Techniques 5 Toward a Functional Architecture for 5G-Integrated Satellite Networking 6 Conclusions References Cybersecurity Secure D2D in 5G Cellular Networks: Architecture, Requirements and Solutions 1 Introduction 2 Overview of 5G-D2D System Architecture 2.1 5G-D2D Network Topology 2.2 3GPP Proximity-Based Service System Architecture 2.3 3GPP 5G Core System Architecture 3 Security in 5G-D2D Communication 3.1 Security Threats 3.2 Security Requirements 4 Existing Solutions 4.1 Privacy Preserving Device Discovery 4.2 One-to-One D2D: Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) 4.3 One-to-Many D2D: Group-Based Authentication and Key Agreement (Group AKA) 4.4 Continuous Authentication 4.5 Content Sharing Models 5 Open Research Issues 6 Conclusion References New Waves of Cyber Attacks in the Time of COVID19 1 Introduction 2 False Information and Covid19 2.1 The Transition to Online Business Models and Security Issues 2.2 Cyber-Attacks During COVID-19 Crisis 3 Impacts Cyber-Attacks During COVID-19 Pandemic 3.1 Disruption of Businesses 3.2 Economic Costs 3.3 Reputational Damage 3.4 Legal Consequences 4 Preventing Cyber-Attacks During COVID-19 4.1 Limited Data Access by Employees 4.2 Following Best Practices in Configuring Network Devices and Updating Software 4.3 Using Software and Hardware Firewalls 5 Conclusion References A Comparison of Performance of Rough Set Theory with Machine Learning Techniques in Detecting Phishing Attack 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Rough Set Theory in Selection of Features 3.1 Classical Rough Set Approach (CRSA) 3.2 Mathematical Preliminaries of CRSA 3.3 Brief Overview of Machine Learning Tools 3.4 Performance Evaluation Metrics 4 Experiments 5 Conclusions 6 Appendix: Description of Features in the Data-Set References Towards Owner-Controlled Data Sharing 1 Introduction 2 Cloud Plan Selection 2.1 Basic Concepts 2.2 Crisp Requirements and Preferences 2.3 Requirements with Natural Language 3 Controlled Sharing 3.1 Building Blocks 3.2 Ensuring Controlled Sharing 4 Rewards to Owners 4.1 Building Blocks 4.2 Ensuring Rewards to Owners 5 Conclusions References Emerging Role of Block Chain Technology in Maintaining the Privacy of Covid-19 Public Health Record 1 Introduction: Blockchain in Pandemic 2 Background 3 Concern: Huge Sensitive Covid-19 Related Data Records 3.1 Gravity Protocol: Managing Huge Data in Covid-19 Proposed Model 3.2 Protecting Covid-19 Records Medical-Chain Platform 4 Conclusion References Malware Forensics: Legacy Solutions, Recent Advances, and Future Challenges 1 Introduction 1.1 History of Malware 1.2 Definition of Malware 1.3 Symptoms of Malware Infection 1.4 Types of Malware 2 Malware for Handheld Devices 2.1 Symptoms of Android's Infection 2.2 Symptoms of iPhone's Infection 2.3 General Guidance to Prevent Malware 3 Legacy Solutions 3.1 Static Analysis Techniques 3.2 Dynamic Analysis Techniques 4 Recent Advances and Challenges 4.1 Machine Learning Based Malware Detection 4.2 Deep Learning Based Android Malware Detection Systems 5 Conclusion References Security of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems: Impact of Simulation-Based Systems Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Human Involvement, and Ethics 1 Introduction 2 Cyber-Physical-Social Systems—Their Increasing Omnipresence and Importance 2.1 Importance and Severity of the Security of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems 2.2 Sources of Failures in Cyber-Physical-Social Systems 2.3 Some Additional References About Cyber Security 3 How to Get Prepared for Unexpected Conditions 3.1 Simulation 3.2 Systems Engineering and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering 3.3 Artificial Intelligence and Fact-Based Rational Decision-Making 4 Impact of Human Involvement 4.1 Human Biases 4.2 Human Malevolent Behavior 4.3 Remedial Actions 5 Conclusion References Machine Learning Methods for Enhanced Cyber Security Intrusion Detection System 1 Introduction 1.1 Types of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) 2 Related Works and Research Gaps 2.1 Machine Learning Based IDS 2.2 Machine Learning Techniques for NIDS 2.3 The Classification Algorithms 3 Evaluating ML Algorithms for IDS 3.1 IDSs and Datasets Review 3.2 KDD Dataset Summary 3.3 Semi Supervised Machine Learning Based IDS 4 Evaluation Metrics 5 Conclusion References 5G Network Slicing Security 1 5G Introduction 1.1 Capabilities of IMT-2020 2 Network Slicing [5, 6] 3 SDN/NFV Technology 3.1 Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 3.2 Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) 3.3 NFV Versus SDN 4 Security Challenge in SDN and NFV [14] 4.1 Overview of Attacks on SDN 4.2 Attacks to the SDN Architecture 4.3 Overview of Attacks on NFV 5 5G Security—Privacy [17–19] 6 Network Slicing Security for 5G [23, 24] 6.1 Life-Cycle Security of Network Slicing 6.2 Intra-slice Security of Network Slicing 6.3 Inter-slice Security of Network Slicing 7 Summary References A Security-Driven Scheduling Model for Delay-Sensitive Tasks in Fog Networks 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivational Example 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed System Architecture of SDSM 3.1 Task Model 3.2 Security Controller 3.3 Load Distribution Model 3.4 Scheduling Constraints 4 Proposed SDSM Algorithm 4.1 Mathematical Example 5 Simulation Results and Analysis 5.1 Success Ratio 5.2 Average Security Value 5.3 Overall Performance 5.4 Impact of Deadline on Success Ratio, Average Security Value, and Overall Performance 5.5 Impact of Task Arrival Rate on Guarantee Ratio, Average Security Value, and Overall Performance 5.6 Impact of Task Size on Success Ratio, Average Security Value, and Overall Performance 6 Conclusion and Future Works References