Advances in computer science and information technology : First International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, CCSIT 2011 : Bangalore, India, January 2-4, 2011 : proceedings, part I

This volume constitutes the first of three parts of the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, CCSIT 2010, held in Bangalore, India, in January 2011. The 59 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers are organized in topical sections on distributed and parallel systems and algorithms; DSP, image processing, pattern recognition, and multimedia; software engineering; database and data Mining; as well as soft computing, such as AI, neural networks, fuzzy systems, etc. Title Preface Organization Table of Contents Distributed and Parallel Systems and Algorithms Improved Ant Colony Optimization Technique for Mobile Adhoc Networks Introduction Related Work Applying ACO on MANETs The Model Formulation Transition Probability Directional Probability Pheromone Update Simulation Framework and Results Average End to End Delay Packet Delivery Ratio Conclusion and Future Work References A Performance Comparison Study of Two Position-Based Routing Protocols and Their Improved Versions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Introduction Review of Position-Based Routing Protocols Simulation Environment and Performance Results Control Message Overhead Hop Count per Path End-to-End Delay per Data Packet Packet Delivery Ratio Conclusions and Future Work References Privacy Preserving Naïve Bayes Classification Using Trusted Third Party Computation over Distributed Progressive Databases Introduction Related Work Progressive Naïve Bayes Classification Using Trusted Third Party Computation over Distributed Databases Horizontal Partition Vertical Partition Arbitrary Partition Results Conclusion References Cluster Based Mobility Considered Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Introduction Related Works Proposed New Routing Protocol Performance Analysis Conclusions References Speech Transaction for Blinds Using Speech-Text-Speech Conversions Introduction Problem Statement Architecture of Speech Recognition Method Unit Selection Synthesis Speech-Text–Speech Method Steps for Dictionary System Conclusion References Floating-Point Adder in Techology Driven High-Level Synthesis Introduction High-Level Synthesis Target Technology Related Work Technology Driven HLS Right Inference in Parsing TSIR TSL Floating-Point Algorithms in THLS Floating-Point Adder in THLS Floating-Point Adder Floating-Point to Fixed-Point Conversion Compiler Transformations Implementation Framework Results Silicon Usage Power Consumption Conclusion References Differential Artificial Bee Colony for Dynamic Environment Introduction Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm Differential Artificial Bee Colony (DABC) Differential Update Strategy with Elite Bee Preserving Good Solutions: The Archive Differential Update Strategy with Exemplars of Archive Simulation Parameter Settings and PC Configuration Algorithms Benchmark Functions Results Mean Results Robustness Mean Result Comparison with Other State-of-the-Art Conclusion References FAM2BP: Transformation Framework of UML Behavioral Elements into BPMN Design Element Introduction Review of Related Work Scope of Work FAM2BP: Proposed Transformation Model Formalized Analysis Model The Relational Model Transformation Rules Algorithm for Automated Transformation Case Study Conclusion References A Cross-Layer Framework for Adaptive Video Streaming over IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks Introduction The Proposed Cross Layer Framework Input Optimizer Block Output Video Transcoding Rate Calculation Simulation Setup Results Conclusion and Future Work References FIFO Optimization for Energy-Performance Trade-off in Mesh-of-Tree Based Network-on-Chip Introduction Methodology for Performance Evaluation and Cost Metrics Performance Metrics Cost Metrics Experimental Results and Analysis Accepted Traffic vs. Offered Load Throughput vs. Locality Factor Average Overall Latency at Different Locality Factors Energy Consumption at Different Locality Factors FIFO Optimization for Energy and Performance Trade-off Conclusion References Outliers Detection as Network Intrusion Detection System Using Multi Layered Framework Introduction Dataset Description Proposed Framework Sampling Features Selection Using Entropy Z-Score Method Multiclass Classifier K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) Method Experimental Results Conclusion References A New Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Introduction Proactive MANET Protocol (PMP) Reactive MANET Protocol (RMP) Hybrid Routing Protocol Geographic Routing Protocol Gossip Routing Protocol Related Work Gossip Routing in Adhoc Networks A New Proposed Routing Protocol Sleep Scheduling Mechanisms Simulation Results Simulation Model and Parameters Performance Metrics Results Based on Rate Conclusion References Remote-Memory Based Network Swap for Performance Improvement Introduction Related Works System Design Design Issues Client Module Server Module Communication Protocol Experimentation and Results Experimental Setup Job Description and Performance Results Conclusions and Future Work References Collaborative Alert in a Reputation System to Alleviate Colluding Packet Droppers in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Introduction Related Works Collaborative Alert in a Reputation System Packet Monitoring and Trust Evaluation of CARS Colluding Packet Dropping Misbehavior Simulation Study Modeling the Misbehavior Performance Metrics Results and Discussions Conclusion and Future Work References Secure Service Discovery Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks Introduction Related Works SPDP: Secure Pervasive Discovery Protocol Application Scenario Algorithm Description Evaluating the SPDP Protocol Conclusions References Certificate Path Verification in Peer-to-Peer Public Key Infrastructures by Constructing DFS Spanning Tree Introduction PKI Components PKI Models Cross Certification Related Work Path Verification in Mesh PKI Proposed Method of Converting Peer-to-Peer PKI to DFS Spanning Tree to Simplify Certificate Path Validation Simulation Results Conclusion References A Novel Deadlock-Free Shortest-Path Dimension Order Routing Algorithm for Mesh-of-Tree Based Network-on-Chip Architecture Introduction Related Works and Our Contributions Addressing Scheme Routing Algorithm Guaranteed Shortest Path Freedom from Deadlock, Starvation, and Live-lock Performance Metrics Simulation Methodology Experimental Results and Analysis Accepted Traffic vs. Offered Load Throughput vs. Locality Factor Average Overall Latency vs. Locality Factor Bandwidth Variation Area Overhead Conclusion References 2-D DOA Estimation of Coherent Wideband Signals Using L-Shaped Sensor Array Introduction Data Model Steps for Decomposing Wideband Sources into Narrowband Sources Wideband Focusing for Pressure Sensor Array DOA Estimation Using ESPRIT Technique Elevation Angle estimation Azimuth Angle Estimation Simulations and Results Conclusion References An Approach towards Lightweight, Reference Based, Tree Structured Time Synchronization in WSN Introduction Existing Approaches to Time Synchronization TSRT Approach Main Ideas Ad Hoc Tree Construction Phase Hierarchical Time Synchronization Phase Analysis of TSRT Conclusion References Towards a Hierarchical Based Context Representation and Selection by Pruning Technique in a Pervasive Environment Introduction Related Works Classification of Context Modeling Requirement of Context Modeling Ontology Based Context Modeling Restrictions of Ontology Context Management Comparison of Relational Database( rdbms) and Object Relational Database (ordbms) Architecture of Proposed Work Context Representation Mapping Hierarchical Context Representation to Relational Database Mapping Hierarchical Conceptual Model to UML Need for Semantics Mapping Hierarchical Conceptual Model to Ontology Heuristic Selection of Context Performance Issues in Selection Process Conclusion References An Analytical Model for Sparse and Dense Vehicular Ad hoc Networks Introduction Research Background Sparse Vehicular Networks Dense Network Model Conclusions References MIMO Ad Hoc Networks-Mutual Information and Channel Capacity Introduction MIMO Ad Hoc Network Model Simulated Results Conclusions References Optimization of Multimedia Packet Scheduling in Ad Hoc Networks Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Introduction Problem Definition Methodology Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Virtual Deadline Implementation Wireshark MOGA Experimental Results Violation of Window Constraint Average Waiting Time of Packets Updating Service Constraints Conclusion and Future Work References TRIDNT: Isolating Dropper Nodes with Some Degree of Selfishness in MANET Introduction Related Work The Proposed Algorithm Network Model and Assumption Operation of TRIDNT Conclusion and Future work References DSP/Image Processing/Pattern Recognition/Multimedia Physiologically Based Speech Synthesis Using Digital Waveguide Model Introduction Relevant Work Experimental Setup Results Conclusions References Improving the Performance of Color Image Watermarking Using Contourlet Transform Introduction Background Proposed Color Image Watermarking Scheme Embedding Procedure Extraction Procedure Experimentation and Results Experiment 1 and Results Experiment 2 and Results Conclusion References Face Recognition Using Multi-exemplar Discriminative Power Analysis Introduction Face Recognition Using DPA Non Parametric Unsupervised Learning Nonparametric Probability Densities Based Approach (NDBA) Clustering Using Medoid Based Approach (MBA) Experimentation with Unsupervised Learning on Frontal Face Data Experimental Procedure Datasets and Results Conclusion and Future Scope References Efficient Substitution-Diffusion Based Image Cipher Using Modified Chaotic Map Introduction Logistic Map Proposed Scheme Key Generation Initial Permutation Nonlinear Diffusion Alternative Zig-Zag Diffusion Decryption Security and Performance Analysis Statistical Analysis Histogram Analysis Correlation Coefficient Analysis Differential Analysis Key Space Analysis Information Entropy Analysis Conclusion References Non Local Means Image Denoising for Color Images Using PCA Introduction Related Work Proposed Method Non Local Means Algorithm Nonlocal Means Image Denoising for Color Images Using PCA Automatic Subspace Dimensionality Selection Smoothing Kernel Width Selection Results and Analysis Subspace Dimensionality and Image Neighborhood Size Comparison with NLM Algorithm for Color Images Conclusion References An Iterative Method for Multimodal Biometric Face Recognition Using Speech Signal Introduction Face Feature Extraction Speech Feature Extraction Feature Extraction Using MFCC Fusion at the Matching Score Level Experimental Results Conclusion References Quality Analysis of a Chaotic and Hopping Stream Based Cipher Image Introduction The Need for Image Encryption Schemes Chaotic Maps Multi Map Orbit Hopping The Proposed Image Security System Analysis of Security Problem for a Mutli – map Hopping Experimental Results Histogram Analysis Correlation Co-efficient Analysis Conclusion and Future Scope References Design Pattern Mining Using State Space Representation of Graph Matching Introduction Relationship Graphs Representation Graph Matching Algorithm Design Pattern Detection Using Graph-Matching Algorithm Design Pattern Detection as Strategy Design Pattern: Exact Matching Design Pattern Detection as Command Design Pattern: Partial Matching Particular Design Pattern May or May Not Exist Related Work Conclusions References MST-Based Cluster Initialization for K-Means Introduction K-Means Algorithm MST-Based Algorithm Objective Validity Index Related Work Proposed Algorithm Experimental Results Conclusions References Geometry and Skin Color Based Hybrid Approach for Face Tracking in Colour Environment Introduction Database Description Detection and Classification Skin Colour Segmentation Morphological Operations Face Acceptance / Rejection Rules Proposed Tracking Scheme Face Tracking Algorithm Results and Conclusions References Performance Analysis of Block and Non Block Based Approach of Invisible Image Watermarking Using SVD in DCT Domain Introduction Transfer Domain Property Discrete Cosine Transformation Singular Value Decomposition Proposed Algorithm Block Based Approach Non Block Based Approach Results and Conclusions References A Novel Topographic Feature Extraction Method for Indian Character Images Introduction Proposed Topographic Feature Extraction Method Preprocessing Thinning to Get Skeletonized Image Topographic Features Extraction Graphical Representation of Topographic Features Experimental Results Conclusion References Comprehensive Framework to Human Recognition Using Palmprint and Speech Signal Introduction System Overview Feature Extraction Palmprint Feature Extraction Methodology Subband Based Cepstral Parameters and Gaussian Mixture Model Fusion Score Normalization Generation of Similarity Scores Fusion Experimental Results Conclusion References Logical Modeling and Verification of a Strength Based Multi-agent Argumentation Scheme Using NuSMV Introduction Theoretical Background Agents Agent Based Modeling Applications with Multi-Agent Communication Methodology Model Checking NuSMV Simulation Results Specifications Trace Results Conclusion and Future Work References Key Frame Detection Based Semantic Event Detection and Classification Using Heirarchical Approach for Cricket Sport Video Indexing Introduction Detection and Classification Level 1: Key Frame Detection Level 2: Replay /Realtime Segments Detection Level 3: Pitch View/ Field View Detection Level 4b: Close Up / Crowd Detection Level 5a: Close Up Classification Level 5b: Crowd Classification Results and Conclusions References Software Engineering Towards a Software Component Quality Model Introduction Review of Quality Models Proposed Software Component Quality Model (SCQM) Functionality Reliability Usability Efficiency Maintainability Portability Reusability Traceability Conclusion References Colour Image Encryption Scheme Based on Permutation and Substitution Techniques Introduction Proposed Encryption/Decryption Algorithm Plain Image Block Size Permutation Process Mixing Process Substitution Process The Complete Encryption Algorithm Performance and Security Analysis Statistical Analysis Key Sensitivity Analysis Plain Image Sensitivity Image Quality Criterion Key Space Analysis Time Analysis Conclusion References Deciphering the Main Research Themes of Software Validation – A Bibliographical Study Introduction Literature Review Software Validation Citation Analysis Knowledge Domain Visualization Research Methodology Data Collection and Reduction Intellectual Structure Construction and Visualization Process Deciphering and Interpretation of the Main Research Themes of Software Validation Decipher the Main Research Themes Using Factor Analysis The Main Research Themes of the Study of Software Validation Visualizing the Intellectual Structure of the Software Validation Field Conclusion References Toward a Comprehension View of Software Product Line Introduction The Framework Objective View Form View Nature View Process View Framework Application Overview of Existing Methods Comparative Analysis within Framework Experimentation Related Work Conclusion and Future Work References Collecting the Inter Component Interactions in Multithreaded Environment Introduction Literature Review The Approach Runtime Profiling Customized Profiler Distillation Case Study: Applying the Approach to the Component Based Multithreaded Self-Adaptive System Test Application The Custom CLR Profiler Profiler Launcher Result: Trace File of Scenario Interpretation: Trace Diagram of Scenario Conclusion and Future Work References On the Benefit of Quantification in AOP Systems-A Quantitative and a Qualitative Assessment Introduction Background and AO Motivating Systems Background AO Motivating Systems Classifications of Crosscutting Concerns Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Crosscuts Static and Dynamic Crosscuts Basic and Advanced Dynamic Crosscuts Static and Dynamic Crosscuts (SDC) Code Metrics Classes, Interfaces, and Aspects (CIA) Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Crosscuts (HHC) Code Replication Reduction (CRR) Quantitative and Qualitative Metrics Concern Lines of Code (CLC) Concern Diffusion over Operations (CDO) Concern Diffusion over Components (CDC) Quantification Metrics Conclusion References Empirical Measurements on the Convergence Nature of Differential Evolution Variants Introduction Related Works Design of Experiments Results and Discussion Conclusion References Database and Data Mining An Intelligent System for Web Usage Data Preprocessing Introduction Related Work Overview of the Proposed Work Intelligent Systems Path Completion Theoretical Analysis Experimental Study Conclusion References Discovery and High Availability of Services in Auto-load Balanced Clusters Introduction Dynamic Cluster Configuration: Structure and Approach Data Structure Used Cluster Components Used Proposed Algorithms and Functions Algorithms Functions Implementation and Experimental Results Implementation of Auto-load Balanced Clusters Experimental Study for Discovery of Services in Auto-load Balanced Clusters Conclusion References Bayes Theorem and Information Gain Based Feature Selection for Maximizing the Performance of Classifiers Introduction The Literature Review Problem Statement Proposed Method Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusion References Data Mining Technique for Knowledge Discovery from Engineering Materials Data Sets Introduction Scope of Data Mining in Materials Informatics Data Mining Technique Naive Bayesian Classifier Algorithm of Naïve Bayesian Classifier Performance Measures Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions and Future Scope References Mobile Database Cache Replacement Policies: LRU and PPRRP Introduction Related Work Mobile Database System Model Taxonomy for Cache Replacement Performance Evaluation Conclusion References A Novel Data Mining Approach for Performance Improvement of EBGM Based Face Recognition Engine to Handle Large Database Introduction Elastic Bunch Graph Matching and the Face Manifolds Feature Selection and Entropy Based Feature Hierarchy Selection of Optimized Set of Features Computation of Feature Hierarchy Computation of feature hierarchy using Entropy Based Decision Tree. Computation of feature hierarchy by selective omission of feature points. Fuzzy C-means Clustering for Performance Improvement of the FRE Reducing the Search Space for FRE Using Fuzzy C-Means Conclusion References Efficient Density Based Outlier Handling Technique in Data Mining Introduction Related Work Proposed (MDV) Algorithm Complexity Analysis Experimental Results Conclusion References Hierarchical Clustering of Projected Data Streams Using Cluster Validity Index Introduction Related Work Background Study Clustering Approaches Cluster Validity Index Proposed Work Maintenance of Projected Multi-dimensional Grid Structure Algorithm Proposed Hierarchical Clustering of Multi-dimensional Grid Structure Algorithm Experimental Results Conclusion References Non-Replicated Dynamic Fragment Allocation in Distributed Database Systems Introduction Related Work Design Comparative Study Conclusion References Soft Computing (AI, Neural Networks, FuzzySystems, etc.) A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms as Expert Systems in Medical Diagnosis (Asthma) Introduction Algorithms Comparative Study Discussions and Conclusions References Stabilization of Large Scale Linear Discrete-Time Systems by Reduced Order Controllers Introduction Reduced Order Controller Design for Linear Systems A Numerical Example Conclusions References Hybrid Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Qi and L$\"{u}$ Systems by Nonlinear Control Introduction Hybrid Synchronization of Identical Qi Systems Hybrid Synchronization of Qi and Lü Systems Conclusions References An Intelligent Automatic Story Generation System by Revising Proppian’s System Introduction Literature Survey Revised Proppian’s Story Generation System (RPG) Revised Proppians’s Story Generator Semantic Reasoning Deriving Implicit Knowledge from Premises Results Conclusion References A Genetic Algorithm with Entropy Based Probabilistic Initialization and Memory for Automated Rule Mining Introduction Related Work Design of the Enhanced GA Population Initialization Fitness Computation GA Operators Augmenting GA with Long Term Memory Experimental Design and Results Conclusions References Author Index This volume constitutes the third of three parts of the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, CCSIT 2010, held in Bangalore, India, in January 2011. wireless ad hoc networks and sensor networks.