Advances in Atmospheric Remote Sensing with Lidar : Selected Papers of the 18th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), Berlin, 22–26 July 1996

Lidar or laser radar, the depth-resolved remote measurement of atmospheric parameters with optical means, has become an important tool in the field of atmospheric and environmental remote sensing. In this volume the latest progress in the development of lidar methods, experiments, and applications is described. The content is based on selected and thoroughly refereed papers presented at the 18th International Laser Radar Conference, Berlin, 22-26 July 1996. The book is divided into six parts which cover the topics of tropospheric aerosols and clouds, lidar in space, wind, water vapor, troposheric trace gases and plumes, and stratospheric and mesospheric profiling. As a supplement to fundamental lidar textbooks this volume may serve as a guide for scientists, engineers, and graduate students through the blossoming field of modern lidar techniques and their contribution to atmospheric and environmental research. Front Matter....Pages I-XXI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Depolarization and Backscatter Lidar for Unattended Operation....Pages 3-6 Micro Pulse Lidar for Aerosol and Cloud Measurement....Pages 7-10 A Compact, Eye-Safe Lidar Based on Optical Parametric Oscillators for Remote Aerosol Sensing....Pages 11-14 Study of the Boundary Layer Structure over the Paris Agglomeration as Observed During the ECLAP Experiment....Pages 15-18 Aerosol Optical Properties in the Urban Mixing Layer Studied by Polarization Lidar with Meteorological Data....Pages 19-22 Raman Lidar and Sun Photometer Measurements of Aerosols and Water Vapor....Pages 23-26 Raman Lidar and Doppler Sodar Observations of the Nocturnal Urban Boundary Layer at Rome, Italy, During 1994 and 1995....Pages 27-30 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure over the Mediterranean During a Tramontane Event: Evidence of Gravity Waves Influence....Pages 31-34 Ship-Board Lidar Sensing of the Mixed Layer over the Sea....Pages 35-38 Inference of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Water Vapor and Temperature Profiles over the Ocean Using Airborne Lidar Data....Pages 39-42 Specific Features of the Aerosol Fields Vertical Structure Formation as Observed over the City of Tomsk in Summer 1995....Pages 43-46 Assessment of the Oceanic Surface Reflectance by Airborne Lidar to Improve a Stable Inversion Technique....Pages 47-50 Aerosol Extinction Measurements with Lidar at 10.6 and 1.5 μm....Pages 51-54 Comparison of Aerosol Measurements by Lidar and In Situ Methods in the Pacific Basin Troposphere....Pages 55-58 Imaginary Refractive Index of Aerosol Derived from Simultaneous Measurements with Lidar and OPC....Pages 59-62 Multiple-Wavelength Aerosol Lidar....Pages 63-66 Mollifier Methods for Aerosol Size Distribution....Pages 67-70 Construction of a Multi-wavelength Lidar System for Satellite Data Atmospheric Correction....Pages 71-74 LOWTRAN7 Simulation of a Multi-wavelength Lidar Applied to the Atmospheric Correction of Satellite Data....Pages 75-78 Three-Dimensional Images of Cirrus Clouds Derived from Volume Imaging Lidar Observations....Pages 79-82 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Measurements of Cirrus Cloud Optical Properties and Particle Size with the University of Wisconsin High Spectral Resolution Lidar....Pages 83-86 Radiative Impact of Cirrus at Meso-scale Using a 1-D Radiative Transfer Model and Ground-Based Lidar, Ground-Based Radiometers, and Satellite Data....Pages 87-90 Monitoring of Cirrus, Clouds and Planetary Boundary Layer in Southern Hemisphere at Buenos Aires (34.6 S, 58.5 W) for Climate Application....Pages 91-94 Observation of Anomalous Raman Scattering Associated with Clouds....Pages 95-98 Non-simultaneous Measurement of Multiple-Field-of-View Lidar Returns in Clouds: Time Correlation Lengths....Pages 99-102 An Imaging Lidar for Multiple Scattering Measurements....Pages 103-106 A Self-Directing Elastic Backscatter Lidar System for Debris Cloud Tracking and Characterization....Pages 107-110 NASA DC-8 Airborne Scanning Lidar System....Pages 111-114 PRN-cw Backscatter Lidar Measurements with a Powerful Narrowband Diode Laser....Pages 115-118 Comparative Test of PRN cw and μ-Joule-Pulsed Total Backscatter Lidars....Pages 119-122 Effect of Signal Dynamics: A Comparative Study Between PRN and Pulse Illuminated LIDAR Systems....Pages 123-126 Simulation of a Low Cost Correlation LIDAR....Pages 127-130 Daytime Measurements of the Lower Atmosphere with a Bistatic Imaging Lidar....Pages 131-134 Lidar Profile Deconvolution Algorithms for Some Rectangular-Like Laser Pulse Shapes....Pages 135-138 Front Matter....Pages 139-139 The Flight of the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE)....Pages 141-144 LITE Observations of Anthropogenically Produced Aerosols....Pages 145-148 Observations of Saharan Dust by LITE....Pages 149-152 LITE Measurements of Biomass Burning Aerosols and Comparisons with Correlative Airborne Lidar Measurements of Multiple Scattering in the Planetary Boundary Layer....Pages 153-156 LITE Measurements of Aerosols in the Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere....Pages 157-160 Retrieval of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Parameters from LITE and LASAL....Pages 161-164 Front Matter....Pages 139-139 Correlative Measurements in Support of LITE Using the Airborne Backscatter LIDAR ALEX....Pages 165-168 ESA-LITE: IROE Contribution to Ground Based LIDAR and LITE Correlative Measurements....Pages 169-172 Southern Italy Correlative Lidar Measurements for LITE....Pages 173-176 LITE Surface Returns: Assessment and Applications....Pages 177-180 Calibration Methods for a Space Borne Backscatter Lidar....Pages 181-184 Simulation and Modelling of Multiple Scattering Effects Observed in LITE Data....Pages 185-188 Cirrus Measurements from a Spaceborne Lidar: Influence of Multiple Scattering....Pages 189-192 Retrieval of Physical and Optical Cloud Thicknesses from Space-Borne and Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar....Pages 193-196 Relation of Power and Depolarization of Cloud Lidar Return Under Multiple Scattering to Cloud Microstructure and Stratification....Pages 197-200 The Emissivity of Cirrus Clouds Derived from LITE and Meteosat Measurements....Pages 201-204 Expected Cirrus Cloud Climatology Improvement Using a Spaceborne Backscatter Lidar....Pages 205-208 Spaceborne Lidar Activities at the European Space Agency....Pages 209-212 Space Based Atmospheric Measurements by GLAS....Pages 213-216 Implications of New Alexandrite Ring Laser Technology for Spaceborne Lidar (Aerosol Backscatter, Water Vapor, Doppler Winds)....Pages 217-220 Front Matter....Pages 220-220 Remote Sensing of Wind and Aerosols with Airborne Scanning Coherent CO 2 Doppler Laser Radar, MACAWS....Pages 223-226 SNR-Loss Budget of the Airborne Doppler Lidar WIND....Pages 227-230 A Compact, High Pulse Rate CO 2 Doppler Lidar for Cloud, Species, and Turbulence Research....Pages 231-234 High Resolution Doppler Lidar Measurements of Wind and Turbulence....Pages 235-238 Spatial Monitoring of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Winds by Doppler Lidar....Pages 239-242 Modeling and Performance of 2.0 μm Lasers Projections for Remote Wind Sensing....Pages 243-246 Front Matter....Pages 220-220 Demonstration of an Adaptive, Coherent-Combining Laser Radar Receiver....Pages 247-250 Turbulent Energy Dissipation Rate Measurement Using Doppler Lidar....Pages 251-254 High Accuracy Atmospheric Wind Field Measurements with an Edge Technique Lidar....Pages 255-258 Incoherent Doppler Lidar System Using Differential Discrimination Technique for Tropospheric Wind Measurement....Pages 259-262 Doppler Wind Lidar in the Stratosphere: Sensitivity to High Mie Scattering and Self-Correction....Pages 263-266 Three-Dimensional Elastic Lidar Winds....Pages 267-270 Range Resolved, 3-D Optical Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Winds Using a CW Lidar....Pages 271-274 Front Matter....Pages 275-278 Development of the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE)—An Advanced Airborne DIAL Instrument....Pages 279-279 LASE Validation Experiment....Pages 281-288 The Airborne Water-Vapor Lidar LEANDRE II: Design, Realization, Tests and First Validations....Pages 289-295 Advanced Airborne Water Vapor DIAL Development and Measurements....Pages 297-300 Single—Mode All—Solid—State Water—Vapor and Temperature DIAL System....Pages 301-304 A Water Vapor DIAL System Using Diode Pumped Nd:YAG Lasers....Pages 305-308 Injection Seeded Optical Parametric Oscillator System for Water Vapor DIAL Measurements....Pages 309-312 Water Vapour DIAL System Utilised for Radar Propagation Forecasting....Pages 313-316 Proposed Compact, Eye-Safe Lidar for Measuring Atmospheric Water Vapor....Pages 317-320 First Results of the BELINDA Approach....Pages 321-324 Measurement of the Vertical Water Vapor Flux in the Convective Boundary Layer Using a DIAL and a Coherent Wind Lidar....Pages 325-328 Airborne Water Vapor DIAL Estimation of Humidity Fluxes and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Parameters....Pages 329-332 Front Matter....Pages 333-336 Implementation of a Turn-Key Raman Lidar for Profiling Atmospheric Water Vapor and Aerosols at the US Southern Great Plains Climate Study Site....Pages 279-279 Comparison with Lidar-Derived Water Vapor with OTher Moisture Measurements During the CAMEX-2, LASE and WMO Field Campaigns....Pages 337-340 Rotational Raman Lidar for Remote Daytime Measurements of Tropospheric Temperature Profiles....Pages 341-344 Front Matter....Pages 345-348 UV-DIAL Ozone Measurements During the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study....Pages 349-349 Airborne Lidar Measurements of Ozone and Aerosols During PEM-West A and PEM-West B....Pages 351-354 Ozone Measurements in the Presence of Cirrus Clouds....Pages 355-358 Ozone Flux Profiles in the Boundary Layer Observed with an Ozone DIAL/Doppler Lidar Combination....Pages 359-362 Ozone Flux Measurements in the Troposphere with a Shot per Shot DIAL Instrument Operated in the UV Spectral Region During the MEDCAPHOT Campaign....Pages 363-366 Ozone Pollution Lidar and SF 6 Tracer Dispersion Measurements in a Field Experiment....Pages 367-370 RIVM Tropospheric Ozone LIDAR Routine Measurements, Validation and Analyses....Pages 371-374 Second Generation of the IFU Stationary Tropospheric Ozone Lidar....Pages 375-378 A Novel Mobile Vertical-Sounding System for Ozone Studies in the Lower Troposphere....Pages 379-382 Characterization of Raman Cell-Based Transmitters for UV DIAL Applications....Pages 383-386 A Solid State Tunable Ozone Lidar....Pages 387-390 Advanced Airborne UV DIAL System for Stratospheric and Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosol Measurements....Pages 391-394 The Airborne Lidar for Tropospheric Ozone (ALTO)....Pages 395-398 Comparison of Retrieval Methods in Tropospheric Ozone DIAL: The Impact of Raman Measurements....Pages 399-402 Comparisons of Three-Wavelength Dual-DIAL with Aerosol Correction Method for DIAL....Pages 403-406 Laser Remote Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Toluene, Ozone, and Dust in the Industrial Area of Cubatão (Brazil)....Pages 407-410 Atmospheric Mercury Emissions from the Almadén Cinnabar Mining Area....Pages 411-414 Front Matter....Pages 415-418 NO Monitoring by a Tunable Solid-State UV....Pages 349-349 Ozone, VOC, NO 2 and Aerosol Monitoring in Urban and Industrial Areas Using a Mobile DIAL System....Pages 419-422 Calibration of a Raman-Lidar Gas Analyzer of Atmospheric Emissions from Plant Stacks Using a Remote Gas Chamber....Pages 423-426 Large-Scale European Network of Laser Remote Sensing Facilities for Environmental and Industrial Monitoring of Toxic and Global Change Related Trace Gases (HCM Lidar Network)....Pages 427-430 New UV-Timable Solid State Lasers for Lidar Applications....Pages 431-434 Injection Seeding of a Flashlamp-Pumped Ti: Sapphire Laser for Lidar Applications....Pages 435-438 Tunable Singe-Mode Solid-State Lasers with a New Cavity Configuration....Pages 439-442 A Compact, Robust, Instantaneously Tunable Harmonic Generator for Lidar Applications....Pages 443-446 Infrared DIAL Measurements with an Injection-Seeded OPO....Pages 447-450 Development of Infrared Lidar Systems Based on “Tracking-Free” Optical Parametric Oscillators....Pages 451-454 Wide Bandwidth DIAL System—Analysis and Sensitivity....Pages 455-458 A Fourier Transform Lidar....Pages 459-462 Simultaneous Range Resolved Measurements of Atmospheric Constituents and Wind Velocity by CO2....Pages 463-466 CO 2 Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) Research at the Air Force Phillips Laboratory....Pages 467-470 Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Imaging Lidar with Range Resolution for Vegetation Monitoring....Pages 471-474 Front Matter....Pages 475-478 A History of Aerosol Measurements at São José dos Campos, Brazil (23 S, 46 W) from 1972 to 1995....Pages 479-479 Five Years of Lidar Observations of the Pinatubo Eruption Cloud....Pages 481-484 Comparative Study of Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozone at Mid and High Latitudes During the Pinatubo Episode, 1991–1994....Pages 485-488 Retrieval of Stratospheric Aerosol Physical Properties Using Multiwavelength Lidar Backscatter and Extinction Measurements....Pages 489-492 A New Modular and Mobile Lidar System Design for Raman Lidar Application Based on a 10-Channel Filter Polychromator....Pages 493-496 Front Matter....Pages 497-500 NDSC Intercomparison of Stratospheric Aerosol Processing Algorithms....Pages 479-479 Lidar Observations of the PSCs and Stratospheric Aerosols over Eureka in Canadian Arctic....Pages 501-502 Lidar Observations of Polar Stratospheric Clouds Above Spitsbergen....Pages 505-508 Polar Stratospheric Cloud Measurements by Multispectral Lidar at Sodankylä in Winter 1994/95....Pages 509-512 Airborne Lidar Observations of Ozone in the Arctic Winter 1994/95....Pages 513-516 Measurements at the Eureka Arctic NDSC Station with a Raman DIAL System....Pages 517-520 NDSC Lidar Intercomparisons and Validation: OPAL and MLO3 Campaigns in 1995....Pages 521-524 RIVM Stratospheric Ozone Lidar at NDSC Station Lauder: Routine Measurements and Validation During the OPAL Campaign....Pages 525-528 UARS Ozone and Temperature Validation by GSFC Lidar During UARS Correlative Measurement Campaigns (1992 – 1995)....Pages 529-532 Long Term Ozone DIAL Measurements at Hohenpeißenberg: Intercomparisons with Brewer/Mast Ozone Sondes, HALOE, SBUV and SAGE II....Pages 533-536 Ozone Measurements at Geesthacht (53.4° N, 10.4° E) with an Advanced Raman Lidar....Pages 537-540 Lidar Observation of Ozone and Aerosol in the Stratosphere and Troposphere over Suwon, Korea....Pages 541-544 Lidar and Spectrophotometric Measurements of Vertical Distributions of Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Temperature in the Stratosphere over Tomsk (Western Siberia)....Pages 545-548 Lidar Developments and Observations over Réunion Island (20.8° S, 55.5° E)....Pages 549-552 Climatology of Mesospheric Temperature Profiles Observed with the Consortium Rayleigh-Scatter Lidarat Logan, Utah....Pages 553-556 Multi-dimensional Power Spectral Analysis of Structure in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere Observed by Rayleigh Scatter Lidar....Pages 557-560 The Vertical Propagation of Gravity Waves to Lower Mesospheric Heights....Pages 561-564 Recent Upgrades of the Colorado State Na Lidar for Wind/Temperature and Daytime Measurements....Pages 565-568 A Novel Acousto-optic Modulation Technique for Na Wind/Temperature Lidars....Pages 569-572 The Alexandrite Ring Laser: A Spectrally Narrow Lidar Light Source for Atmospheric Fluorescence and Absorption Observations....Pages 573-576 Front Matter....Pages 577-580 Laser-Wavelength and Laser-Beam-Direction Stabilization of the ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman Lidar....Pages 479-479 Back Matter....Pages 581-584 ....Pages 585-590 Lidar or laser radar, the depth-resolved remote measurement of atmospheric parameters with optical means, has become an important tool in the field of atmospheric and environmental remote sensing. In this volume the latest progress in the development of Lidar methods, experiments, and applications is described. The content is based on selected and thoroughly refereed papers presented at the 18th International Laser Radar Conference, Berlin, 22 - 26 July 1996. The book is divided into six parts which cover the topics of tropospheric aerosols and clouds, Lidar in space, wind, water vapor, troposheric trace gases and plumes, and stratospheric and mesospheric profiling. As a supplement to fundamental LIDAR textbooks this volume may serve as a guide through the blossoming field of modern Lidar techniques.