Advances in Asphalt Materials: Road and Pavement Construction (Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering)

The urgent need for infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance has led to a rise in the levels of research into bituminous materials. Breakthroughs in sustainable and environmentally friendly bituminous materials are certain to have a significant impact on national economies and energy sustainability. This book will provide a comprehensive review on recent advances in research and technological developments in bituminous materials. Opening with an introductory chapter on asphalt materials and a section on the perspective of bituminous binder specifications, Part One covers the physiochemical characterisation and analysis of asphalt materials. Part Two reviews the range of distress (damage) mechanisms in asphalt materials, with chapters covering cracking, deformation, fatigue cracking and healing of asphalt mixtures, as well as moisture damage and the multiscale oxidative aging modelling approach for asphalt concrete. The final section of this book investigates alternative asphalt materials. Chapters within this section review such aspects as alternative binders for asphalt pavements such as bio binders and RAP, paving with asphalt emulsions and aggregate grading optimization. Provides an insight into advances and techniques for bituminous materials Comprehensively reviews the physicochemical characteristics of bituminous materials Investigate asphalt materials on the nano-scale, including how RAP/RAS materials can be recycled and how asphalt materials can self-heal and rejuvenator selection Front Cover Advances in Asphalt Materials: Road and Pavement Construction Copyright Contents List of contributors Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering Preface Introduction Chapter 1: A perspective of bituminous binder specifications 1.1. Scope and terminology 1.2. Introduction 1.3. What is a specification? 1.3.1. Characteristics, properties, test methods, and values 1.3.2. Attributes of a good specification 1.3.3. Geographical considerations 1.4. Regulatory frameworks 1.4.1. Europe 1.4.1.1. Comité Européen de Normalisation 1.4.2. United States 1.4.2.1. The Strategic Highway Research Program and Superpave1.4.3. Bitumen Test Method Validation 1.5. Test methods for use in binder specifications 1.5.1. Elevated service-temperature test methods 1.5.1.1. Ring-and-ball softening point (EN 1427, ASTM D36, AASHTO T53) 1.5.1.2. Dynamic viscosity using a capillary tube (EN 12596, ASTM D 2171, AS 2341.2) 1.5.1.3. G*/sin δ (inverse of the loss compliance) (ASTM D7175, AASHTO T315) 1.5.1.4. Multiple stress creep recovery test (prEN 16659, ASTM D7405, AASHTO TP70) 1.5.1.5. Other test methods 1.5.2. Low service-temperature properties 1.5.2.1. Fraass breaking point (EN 12593)1.5.2.2. The bending beam rheometer test (Bahia et al., 1991) (EN 14771, ASTM D6816, AASHTO T313) 1.5.2.3. Fracture toughness (CEN TS 15963) 1.5.3. Fatigue testing 1.5.3.1. The loss modulus G*/sin δ (ASTM D7175, AASHTO T315) 1.5.3.2. RILEM binder fatigue method 1.5.3.3. The linear amplitude sweep test (AASHTO TP101) 1.5.4. Intermediate service temperature 1.5.4.1. Needle penetration (EN 1426, ASTM D5, AASHTO T049) 1.5.4.2. Complex shear modulus (G*) (EN 14770, ASTM D7175, AASHTO T315) 1.5.5. Temperature sensitivity 1.5.5.1. Penetration index (Pen/Pen, Pen/SPt)1.5.6. Binder aging and conditioning regimes 1.5.6.1. The rolling thin-film oven test (EN 12607-1, ASTM D 2872, AASHTO T240) 1.5.6.2. Thin-film oven test (EN 12607-2, ASTM D1754, AASHTO T179) 1.5.6.3. Rotating cylinder aging test (EN 15323) 1.5.6.4. The pressure aging vessel (EN 14769, ASTM D6521, AASHTO R28) 1.5.7. Adhesion testing 1.6. Precision of test methods 1.7. Future specifications: fundamental or empirical binder testing? 1.7.1. Performance-related specifications 1.7.2. Purchase specifications 1.7.3. The CEN data collection program1.8. Summary Acknowledgments References Part One: Characterization and analysis of asphalt materials Chapter 2: Analytical separation methods in asphalt research 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Separations of asphalts based on solvent precipitation and extraction 2.2.1. Precipitation of asphaltenes 2.2.2. Other solvent precipitation and solvent extraction methods 2.3. Separation methods based on adsorption chromatography 2.3.1. Methods of Marcusson, Corbett, and others 2.3.2. Modern chromatographic separations and methods of analysis