Advances in Artificial Intelligence-based Technologies: Selected Papers in Honour of Professor Nikolaos G. Bourbakis―Vol. 1: 22 22

With the 4^th^ Industrial Revolution ongoing and human societal organization being restructured into, so-called, “__Society 5.0__”, the field of **Artificial Intelligence** and related technologies is growing continuously and rapidly, developing in both itself and towards applications in many other disciplines. Researchers worldwide aim at incorporating cognitive abilities into machines, such as learning and problem solving. When machines and software systems have been enhanced with Artificial Intelligence components, they become better and more efficient at performing tasks. Consequently, Artificial Intelligence stands out as a research discipline due to its worldwide pace of growth in both theoretical advances and areas of application, while achieving very high rates of success and promising major impact in science, technology and society. The book at hand aims at exposing its readers to some of the most significant Advances in Artificial Intelligence Theory, Tools and Methodologies as well as Artificial Intelligence-based Applications and Services. The book consists of an editorial note and an additional eleven (11) chapters, all invited from authors who work on the corresponding chapter theme and are recognized for their significant research contributions. In more detail, the chapters in the book are organized into three parts, namely (i) __Advances in Artificial Intelligence Tools and Methodologies__, (ii) __Advances in Artificial Intelligence-based Applications and Services__, and (iii) __Theoretical Advances in Computation and System Modeling.__ This research book is directed towards professors, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in Artificial Intelligence-related disciplines. It is also directed towards readers who come from other disciplines and are interested in becoming versed in some of the most recent Artificial Intelligence-based technologies. An extensive list of bibliographic references at the end of each chapter guides the readers to probe further into the application areas of interest to them. Foreword 6 Preface 9 Contents 11 1 Introduction to Advances in Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies 13 References 16 Part I Advances in Artificial Intelligence Tools and Methodologies 18 2 Synthesizing 2D Ground Images for Maps Creation and Detecting Texture Patterns 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Synthesizing 2D Consecutive Region-Images for Space Map Generation 21 2.3 Texture Paths Detection 21 2.4 Simulated Case Study and Comparison with Other Methods 30 2.5 Discussion 32 References 33 3 Affective Computing: An Introduction to the Detection, Measurement, and Current Applications 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Background 36 3.3 Detection and Measurement Devices for Affective Computing 38 3.3.1 Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) 39 3.3.2 Facial Expression and Eye Tracking Technologies 40 3.3.3 Galvanic Skin Response 42 3.3.4 Multimodal Input Devices 43 3.3.5 Emotional Speech Recognition and Natural Language Processing 44 3.4 Application Examples 46 3.4.1 Entertainment 46 3.4.2 Chatbots 47 3.4.3 Medical Applications 48 3.5 Conclusions 49 References 50 4 A Database Reconstruction Approach for the Inverse Frequent Itemset Mining Problem 54 4.1 Introduction 54 4.2 Related Work 56 4.3 Problem Definition 56 4.3.1 Frequent Itemset Hiding Problem 57 4.3.2 Inverse Frequent Itemset Hiding Problem 57 4.4 Hiding Approach 59 4.5 Conclusion and Future Steps 64 References 66 5 A Rough Inference Software System for Computer-Assisted Reasoning 68 5.1 Introduction 68 5.2 Basic Concepts 69 5.2.1 Rough Sets 69 5.2.2 Information System 70 5.2.3 Decision System 71 5.2.4 Indiscernibility Relation 73 5.3 The Approximate Algorithms for Information Systems 73 5.3.1 The Approximate Algorithm for Attribute Reduction 73 5.3.2 The Algorithm for Approximate Rule Generation 75 5.4 Implementation of the Rough Inference System 79 5.5 An Application in Electrical Engineering—A Case Study 80 5.6 Conclusions 83 References 84 Part II Advances in Artificial Intelligence-based Applications and Services 86 6 Context Representation and Reasoning in Robotics-An Overview 87 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Context 89 6.2.1 Definitions of Context 89 6.2.2 Context Aware Systems 90 6.2.3 Context Representation 91 6.3 Context Reasoning 95 6.3.1 Reasoning Approaches and Techniques 95 6.3.2 Reasoning Tools 96 6.4 Conclusions and Future Work 98 References 99 7 Smart Tourism and Artificial Intelligence: Paving the Way to the Post-COVID-19 Era 101 7.1 Introduction 102 7.2 Methodology and Research Approach 103 7.3 Artificial Intelligence and Smart Tourism 105 7.3.1 Artificial Intelligence 105 7.3.2 AI Smart Tourism Recommender Systems 106 7.3.3 Deep Learning 108 7.3.4 Augmented Reality In tourism 109 7.3.5 AI Autonomous Agents 110 7.4 Smart Tourism in COVID-19 Pandemic 111 7.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 113 References 114 8 Challenges and AI-Based Solutions for Smart Energy Consumption in Smart Cities 118 8.1 Introduction 118 8.2 Smart Energy in Smart Cities 121 8.3 Energy Consumption Challenges and AI Solutions 122 8.3.1 End-User Consumers in Smart Cities 122 8.3.2 Demand Forecasting 124 8.3.3 Prosumers Management 126 8.3.4 Consumption Privacy 127 8.4 Discussion 129 References 130 9 How to Make Different Thinking Profiles Visible Through Technology: The Potential for Log File Analysis and Learning Analytics 132 9.1 Introduction 132 9.2 The Development of Log File Analysis and Learning Analytics 133 9.3 Analysing Log File Data in Researching Dynamic Problem-Solving 136 9.4 Extracting, Structuring and Analysing Log File Data to Make Different Thinking Profiles Visible 137 9.4.1 Aims 137 9.4.2 Methods 137 9.5 Participants 137 9.6 Instruments 138 9.7 Procedures 140 9.8 Results 142 9.9 Discussion 147 9.10 Conclusions and Limitations 149 References 151 10 AI in Consumer Behavior 153 10.1 Introduction 154 10.2 Literature Review 156 10.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Consumer Behavior 157 10.3.1 Artificial Intelligence 158 10.3.2 Consumer Behavior 170 10.3.3 AI in Consumer Behavior 173 10.3.4 AI and Ethics 176 10.4 Conclusion 177 References 178 Part III Theoretical Advances in Computation and System Modeling 183 11 Coupled Oscillator Networks for von Neumann and Non-von Neumann Computing 184 11.1 Introduction 185 11.2 Basic Unit, Network Architecture and Computational Principle 188 11.3 Nonlinear Oscillator Networks and Phase Equation 191 11.3.1 Example 198 11.4 Oscillator Networks for Boolean Logic 199 11.4.1 Registers 199 11.4.2 Logic Gates 201 11.5 Conclusions 206 References 207 12 Design and Implementation in a New Approach of Non-minimal State Space Representation of a MIMO Model Predictive Control Strategy-Case Study and Performance Analysis 213 12.1 Introduction 214 12.2 Centrifugal Chiller—System Decomposition 216 12.2.1 Centrifugal Chiller Dynamic Model Description 216 12.2.2 Centrifugal Chiller Dynamic MIMO ARMAX Model Description 217 12.2.3 Centrifugal Chiller Open Loop MIMO ARMAX Discrete-Time Model 219 12.2.4 Centrifugal Chiller Dynamic MIMO ARMAX Model Nonminimal State Space Description 221 12.3 MISO MPC Strategy Design in a Minimal State Space Realization 225 12.3.1 MIMO MPC Optimization Problem Formulation 226 12.3.2 MIMO MPC Parameters Design 227 12.3.3 MIMO MPC MATLAB SIMULINK Simulation Results 228 12.4 MIMO MPC Strategy Design in a Nonminimal State Space Realization 230 12.5 Conclusions 234 References 240 With the 4 th Industrial Revolution ongoing and human societal organization being restructured into, so-called, “ Society 5.0 ”, the field of Artificial Intelligence and related technologies is growing continuously and rapidly, developing in both itself and towards applications in many other disciplines. Researchers worldwide aim at incorporating cognitive abilities into machines, such as learning and problem solving. When machines and software systems have been enhanced with Artificial Intelligence components, they become better and more efficient at performing tasks. Consequently, Artificial Intelligence stands out as a research discipline due to its worldwide pace of growth in both theoretical advances and areas of application, while achieving very high rates of success and promising major impact in science, technology and society. The book at hand aims at exposing its readers to some of the most significant Advances in Artificial Intelligence Theory, Tools and Methodologies as well as Artificial Intelligence-based Applications and Services. The book consists of an editorial note and an additional eleven (11) chapters, all invited from authors who work on the corresponding chapter theme and are recognized for their significant research contributions. In more detail, the chapters in the book are organized into three parts, namely (i) Advances in Artificial Intelligence Tools and Methodologies , (ii) Advances in Artificial Intelligence-based Applications and Services , and (iii) Theoretical Advances in Computation and System Modeling. This research book is directed towards professors, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in Artificial Intelligence-related disciplines. It is also directed towards readers who come from other disciplines and are interested in becoming versed in some of the most recent Artificial Intelligence-based technologies. An extensive list of bibliographic references at the end of each chapter guides the readers to probe further into the application areas of interest to them. The human brain has some capabilities that the brains of other animals lack. It is to these distinctive capabilities that our species owes its dominant position. Other animals have stronger muscles or sharper claws, but we have cleverer brains. If machine brains one day come to surpass human brains in general intelligence, then this new superintelligence could become very powerful. As the fate of the gorillas now depends more on us humans than on the gorillas themselves, so the fate of our species then would come to depend on the actions of the machine superintelligence. But we have one advantage: we get to make the first move. Will it be possible to construct a seed AI or otherwise to engineer initial conditions so as to make an intelligence explosion survivable? How could one achieve a controlled detonation? To get closer to an answer to this question, we must make our way through a fascinating landscape of topics and considerations. Read the book and learn about oracles, genies, singletons; about boxing methods, tripwires, and mind crime; about humanity's cosmic endowment and differential technological development; indirect normativity, instrumental convergence, whole brain emulation and technology couplings; Malthusian economics and dystopian evolution; artificial intelligence, and biological cognitive enhancement, and collective intelligence. This profoundly ambitious and original book picks its way carefully through a vast tract of forbiddingly difficult intellectual terrain. Yet the writing is so lucid that it somehow makes it all seem easy. After an utterly engrossing journey that takes us to the frontiers of thinking about the human condition and the future of intelligent life, we find in Nick Bostrom's work nothing less than a reconceptualization of the essential task of our time. The human brain has some capabilities that the brains of other animals lack. It is to these distinctive capabilities that our species owes its dominant position. Other animals have stronger muscles or sharper claws, but we have cleverer brains. If machine brains one day come to surpass human brains in general intelligence, then this new superintelligence could become very powerful. As the fate of the gorillas now depends more on us humans than on the gorillas themselves, so the fate of our species then would come to depend on the actions of the machine superintelligence. But we have one advantage: we get to make the first move. Will it be possible to construct a seed AI or otherwise to engineer initial conditions so as to make an intelligence explosion survivable? How could one achieve a controlled detonation? To get closer to an answer to this question, we must make our way through a fascinating landscape of topics and considerations. Read the book and learn about oracles, genies, singletons; about boxing methods, tripwires, and mind crime; about humanity's cosmic endowment and differential technological development; indirect normativity, instrumental convergence, whole brain emulation and technology couplings; Malthusian economics and dystopian evolution; artificial intelligence, and biological cognitive enhancement, and collective intelligence. -- Source other than Library of Congress
A global catastrophic risk is one with the potential to wreak death and destruction on a global scale. In human history, wars and plagues have done so on more than one occasion, and misguided ideologies and totalitarian regimes have darkened an entire era or a region. Advances in technology are adding dangers of a new kind. It could happen again.

In Global Catastrophic Risks 25 leading experts look at the gravest risks facing humanity in the 21st century, including asteroid impacts, gamma-ray bursts, Earth-based natural catastrophes, nuclear war, terrorism, global warming, biological weapons, totalitarianism, advanced nanotechnology, general artificial intelligence, and social collapse. The book also addresses over-arching issues - policy responses and methods for predicting and managing catastrophes.

This is invaluable reading for anyone interested in the big issues of our time; for students focusing on science, society, technology, and public policy; and for academics, policy-makers, and professionals working in these acutely important fields.

Annotation A global catastrophic risk is one with the potential to wreak death and destruction on a global scale. In human history, wars and plagues have done so on more than one occasion, and misguided ideologies and totalitarian regimes have darkened an entire era or a region. Advances in technology are adding dangers of a new kind. It could happen again. In Global Catastrophic Risks 25 leading experts look at the gravest risks facing humanity in the 21st century, including asteroid impacts, gamma-ray bursts, Earth-based natural catastrophes, nuclear war, terrorism, global warming, biological weapons, totalitarianism, advanced nanotechnology, general artificial intelligence, and social collapse. The book also addresses over-arching issues - policy responses and methods for predicting and managing catastrophes. This is invaluable reading for anyone interested in the big issues of our time; for students focusing on science, society, technology, and public policy; and for academics,policy-makers, and professionals working in these acutely important fields "In Global Catastrophic Risks 25 leading experts look at the gravest risks facing humanity in the 21st century, including natural catastrophes, nuclear war, terrorism, global warming, biological weapons, totalitarianism, advanced nanotechnology, general artificial intelligence, and social collapse. The book also addresses over-arching issues - policy responses and methods for predicting and managing catastrophes." "Bostrom pioneered the concept of existential risk and the simulation argument. He developed the first mathematically explicit theory of observation selection effects and is the author of a number of seminal studies on the implications of future technologies."--Jacket This volume is the first in a series which deals with the challenge of AI issues, gives updates of AI methods and applications, and promotes high quality new ideas, techniques and methodologies in AI. This volume contains articles by 38 specialists in various AI subfields covering theoretical and application issues. The first in a series which deals with the challenges of AI issues, gives updates of AI methods and applications, and promotes high quality new ideas, techniques and methodologies in AI.