Advanced Multicomponent Alloys: From Fundamentals to Applications (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)

This book integrates aspects of computational materials science, physical metallurgy, alloy design, structure-properties relationships, and applications of advanced multicomponent alloys. It can serve as a textbook for courses on advanced structural and functional materials for undergraduate and graduate students. Notably, the book compiles cutting-edge research on the progress of materials science of multicomponent alloys from fundamentals to engineering applications. It can be of considerable interest for researchers and scientists in the field of materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and metallurgy engineering. In addition, this book not only summarizes the compositions, properties, and applications of various types of multicomponent alloys but also presents a complete idea on the efficient design of materials and processes to satisfy targeted performance in materials and structures. Thus, it can also be used as a reference book for engineers and researchers in industries. Contents Part I High-Entropy Alloys 1 Body-Centered Cubic High-Entropy Alloys 1 Design of BCC Refractory High-Entropy Alloys (RHEAs) 1.1 Design of Single-Phase Solid Solution 1.2 Development of RHEAs with Good Wear Resistance 1.3 Development of RHEAs with Good Oxidation Resistance 1.4 Development of RHEAs with Good Corrosion Resistance 1.5 Development of RHEAs with Good Mechanical Properties 1.6 Development of RHEAs with Good Irradiation Resistance 2 Microstructures of BCC RHEAs 2.1 Single-Phase Solid Solution 2.2 Short-Range Orderings (SROs) 2.3 Intermediate and Complex Phases 3 Mechanical Properties of BCC HEAs 3.1 Mechanical Behavior at Room Temperature 3.2 Mechanical Behavior at Elevated Temperatures 3.3 Mechanical Behavior at Cryogenic Temperatures 3.4 Hardness 3.5 Wear Behavior 4 Summary References 2 Face-Centered Cubic High-Entropy Alloys 1 Introduction 2 The Single-Phase FCC HEAs 3 Precipitation-Strengthened HEAs 3.1 Incoherent Precipitate-Strengthened HEAs 3.2 Coherent Precipitate-Strengthened HEAs for Advanced Structural Applications 4 Summary References 3 Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys 1 Introduction 2 Alloy Design for EHEAs 2.1 A Simple Mixing Method 2.2 A Mixing Enthalpy Method 2.3 A Method Based on Thermo-Physical Parameters 2.4 A Semi-quantitative Method Based on CALPHAD 2.5 A Machine Learning Method 3 Solidification Microstructures 3.1 Lamellar Eutectic Morphology 3.2 Anomalous Eutectic Morphology 4 Mechanical Properties 4.1 Mechanical Properties of As-Cast EHEAs 4.2 Influence of Thermo-Mechanical Processing (TMP) on Mechanical Properties of EHEAs 4.3 Influence of Other Preparation Techniques on Mechanical Properties of EHEAs 5 Future Trends and Potential Applications 5.1 Future Trends 5.2 Potential Applications References 4 Cubic Ordered Intermetallic Alloys 1 Introduction 2 Environmental Brittleness of Ni3(Si, Ti) Intermetallic Alloys 3 Macroalloying Effect on the Microstructure 4 Macroalloying Effect on Tensile Properties 5 Further Prospects 6 Summary References Part II High-Temperature Superalloys 5 Fe-Based Heat-Resistant Steels 1 Application of Typical Advanced Fe-Based Alloys 2 Ferritic/Martensitic (FM) Heat-Resistant Steels 2.1 9–12%Cr FM Heat-Resistant Steels 2.2 FeCrAl Heat-Resistant Steels 3 Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steels 3.1 Alloy Design Strategy 3.2 Microstructure 3.3 Mechanical Properties 3.4 Corrosion and Oxidation Behavior 4 Summary References 6 Ni-Base Superalloys: Alloying and Microstructural Control 1 Introduction 2 Microstructure 2.1 Precipitate Microstructure 2.2 Grain Structure 3 Chemical Composition and Alloying Effects 3.1 γ′-forming Elements 3.2 γ-forming Elements 3.3 Re Effect 3.4 Ru Effect 3.5 Evolution from the 1st to the 6th Generation Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloys 4 Thermal Stability and Creep Performance 4.1 Evolution of γ/γʹ Microstructure in the Creep Process 4.2 Volume Fraction of γʹ Precipitates 4.3 Size and Shape of γʹ Precipitates 5 Summary References 7 Overview of the Development of L12 γ′-Strengthened Cobalt-Base Superalloys 1 Introduction 2 Phase Stability of γ′ Precipitates 3 γ′-Solvus Temperature 4 Low-Density Co-base Superalloys 5 CoNi-Base Superalloys 6 Yield Strength 7 Summary and Outlook References Part III Advanced High-Strength Steels 8 Advanced High-/Medium-Mn Steels 1 General Introduction to High Strength Steels 1.1 Alloying Concepts 1.2 Microstructure 1.3 Strengthening and Deformation Mechanisms in High-/Medium-Mn Steels 1.4 Advances in Processing Strategy 2 Kappa (κ) Carbide-Strengthened High-Mn Steels 2.1 Kappa (κ) Carbide 2.2 Dislocation and κ-Carbides Interaction 2.3 Short-Range-Ordering in High-Mn Steels 3 High-Performance Medium-Mn Steels 3.1 Process-Microstructure-Property Relationship 3.2 Advances in Heat Treatment for Medium-Mn Steels 4 Hydrogen Management in High-Mn and Medium-Mn Steels 4.1 Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement 4.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement in Medium-Mn Steels References 9 G-Phase Strengthened Steels 1 Introduction 2 G-Phase Induced by Radiation 3 G-Phase Formation in Duplex Stainless Steels 4 G-Phase Formation in Ferritic Steels for Strengthening 4.1 The Potential of G-Phase Formation in Ferritic Steels 4.2 Recent Advances in G-Phase Strengthened Ferritic Steels 5 Potential of G-Phase Formation in High Entropy Alloys 6 Summary References 10 Intermetallic-Precipitation-Strengthened Steels 1 Introduction 2 Nanoscale Precipitates in Steels 2.1 Ni3Ti Precipitate 2.2 NiAl Precipitate 2.3 Cu Precipitate 2.4 Ni2AlMn Precipitate 2.5 Mo-Enriched Precipitate 3 Mechanical Properties 4 Corrosion and Oxidation Resistance 5 Welding Properties 6 Additive Manufacturing of Precipitation-Strengthened Steels 7 Future Perspectives 7.1 Hydrogen Embrittlement 7.2 Stress and Pitting Corrosion 7.3 Thermal Stability 8 Summary References Part IV Shape Memory Alloys 11 Abnormal Grain Growth and Single Crystals in Multicomponent Shape-Memory Alloys 1 Introduction 2 Conventional AGG to Grow to Single Crystal 3 AGG Induced Through CHT 3.1 Origin and Perspective of CHT 3.2 Temperature Factors of CHT 3.3 Compositional Adjustments for CHT 3.4 Other Applications of CHT 4 AGG by DA 4.1 AGG by DA in Cu–Al–Mn–Mo 4.2 Other Application of AGG by DA 5 Discussion 5.1 Functional Properties by Novel AGG 5.2 The Selection of Abnormal Grains 5.3 The Effect of Volume Fraction of Precipitate 5.4 Incubation Time for AGG 6 Summary References 12 Polycrystalline Shape-Memory Alloy and Strain Glass 1 Precipitation of H-Phase and Its Influence on Martensitic Transformation in NiTiHf High-Temperature Shape-Memory Alloys 2 Strain Glass and Its Functional Properties 3 Advanced Shape-Memory Alloys for Environment-Friendly Elastocaloric Refrigeration References