Advanced Monte Carlo for radiation physics, particle transport simulation, and applications : proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon, 23-26 October 2000

Front Matter....Pages I-XXVI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Some Random Thoughts on Monte Carlo Electron and Photon Transport....Pages 1-6 Remarkable Moments in the History of Neutron Transport Monte Carlo Methods....Pages 7-15 Hadronic Monte Carlo Transport: A Very Personal View....Pages 17-20 Highlights of Hadronic Sessions, Speculations and Perspective Views....Pages 21-26 Front Matter....Pages 27-27 Analog Electron Physics. Interaction Cross-Sections....Pages 27-32 Modelling the Generalized Oscillator Strength for Low-Energy Electron or Positron Inelastic Scattering....Pages 33-38 Low-Energy Electron Scattering in Solids — a Monte Carlo Approach....Pages 39-42 Monte Carlo Simulation of Few-keV Positrons Penetrating in Solids....Pages 43-47 A “Transport” Condensed History Method....Pages 49-54 Front Matter....Pages 55-55 A Half Century of Monte Carlo, from Slide Rule and Mechanical Desk Calculator to the Laptop Supercomputer....Pages 55-62 Comparison of EGS4 and Measurements Regarding K-X ray and Bremsstrahlung Photons....Pages 63-68 EGS4 Modelling of Coherent Scattering in the Biological Context....Pages 69-74 Implementation of the Anomalous Dispersion of Rayleigh Scattered Photons in EGS4 Code....Pages 75-80 Backscattering from Gold Irradiated with 15–40 keV Photons....Pages 81-86 Monte Carlo Polarimetric Efficiency Simulations for a Single Monolithic CdTe Thick Matrix....Pages 87-92 Simulations for X-Ray Synchrotron Beams Using the EGS4 Code System in Medical Applications....Pages 93-98 Front Matter....Pages 99-99 Applications of Monte Carlo Codes to a Study of Gamma-Ray Buildup Factors, Skyshine and Duct Streaming....Pages 99-104 Simulation of X-ray Spectra Generated by Kilovolt-Electron Bombardment....Pages 105-110 Particle Transport in Inhomogeneous Media....Pages 111-116 Fast Simulation of X-ray Transition Radiation in the GEANT4 Toolkit....Pages 117-122 Front Matter....Pages 99-99 Optimization of a Tunable Quasi-Monochromatic X-ray Source for Cell Irradiations....Pages 123-128 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Electron Photon Shower Simulation in TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo Code....Pages 129-134 The EGSnrc System, a Status Report....Pages 135-140 Status of MARS Electromagnetic Physics....Pages 141-146 Status of PENELOPE....Pages 147-152 Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics....Pages 153-158 Electron-Photon Transport in FLUKA: Status....Pages 159-164 Front Matter....Pages 165-165 Random, Quasirandom and Hybrid Methods for Transport Problems....Pages 165-173 On the Use of Antithetic Variates....Pages 175-180 Adjoint Monte Carlo Simulation of Fixed-Energy Secondary Radiation....Pages 181-186 Symmetry-Based Variance Reduction Applied to 60 Co Teletherapy Unit Monte Carlo Simulations....Pages 187-192 Importance Biasing Quality Criterion Based on Contribution Response Theory....Pages 193-198 Calculations of Electron Deep Penetration Using the Method of Trajectory Rotation....Pages 199-204 Front Matter....Pages 205-205 The Impact of Monte Carlo Dose Calculations on Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy....Pages 205-210 PC-Based Process Distribution to Solve Iterative Monte Carlo Simulations in Physical Dosimetry....Pages 211-216 Inverse Treatment Planning for Radiation Therapy Based on Fast Monte Carlo Dose Calculation....Pages 217-222 Macro Monte Carlo: Clinical Implementation in a Distributed Computing Environment....Pages 223-228 VMC++, Electron and Photon Monte Carlo Calculations Optimized for Radiation Treatment Planning....Pages 229-236 Front Matter....Pages 237-237 The Track Structure of Photons, Electrons and α-Particles from the Point of View of the Formation of Ionization Clusters....Pages 237-250 Track Structure in Molecular Radiation Biology....Pages 251-260 Front Matter....Pages 237-237 Analogue Monte Carlo to Model Radiation-Induced DNA Damage....Pages 261-265 Basic Data for Track Structure Simulations: Electron Interaction Cross-Sections in Liquid Water....Pages 267-272 Inelastic Cross-Sections for Use in Monte Carlo Track Structure Codes....Pages 273-278 Modelling Ultrasoft X-ray Effects on DNA....Pages 279-284 Radiobiological Modeling in Voxel Constructs....Pages 285-290 Front Matter....Pages 291-291 Monte Carlo Techniques for Primary Standards of Ionizing Radiation and for Dosimetry Protocols....Pages 291-298 Absorbed Dose Conversion Factors for Megavoltage Photon Beams....Pages 299-304 Is the Spencer-Attix Cavity Equation Applicable for Solid-State Detectors Irradiated in Megavoltage Electron Beams?....Pages 305-310 Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Beams for Radiotherapy - EGS4, MCNP4b and GEANT3 Intercomparison....Pages 311-316 Evaluation of a 50-MV Photon Therapy Beam from a Racetrack Microtron Using MCNP4B Monte Carlo Code....Pages 317-322 Energy Spectra and Dose Distributions of a Medical Linear Electron Accelerator Simulated with BEAM/EGS4 and MCNP....Pages 323-327 Monte Carlo Simulation of an Arc Therapy Treatment by Means of a PC Distribution Model....Pages 329-332 Front Matter....Pages 333-333 Analysis of the Influence of the Radial Displacement of the Source in the Simulation of Ge-Detector Calibration Using MCNP Code....Pages 333-338 Monte Carlo Simulations of Photon Field Characteristics for In Situ Gamma Spectrometry Applications....Pages 339-344 Visual Monte Carlo and Its Application to Internal and External Dosimetry....Pages 345-350 Monte Carlo Simulation of Mammography X-ray Units: a Comparison Between Different Electron Extensions of the EGS4 Code System....Pages 351-356 Front Matter....Pages 357-357 The Use of MCNP in Flash Radiographic Applications at AWE....Pages 357-368 Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulation and Measurement of Electron Reflection from Solids....Pages 369-376 Low-Energy Electron Response of CsI(Tl) and BGO....Pages 377-381 Monte Carlo Estimate to Improve Photon Energy Spectrum Reconstruction....Pages 383-388 Front Matter....Pages 357-357 Monte Carlo Simulations on Rough and Porous Alumina....Pages 389-394 Simulation of the Response Function of an Amorphous Silicon Flat-Panel Array....Pages 395-399 Space Applications of the Geant4 Simulation Toolkit....Pages 401-406 Front Matter....Pages 407-407 Introduction of the Muonic and Cerenkov Effects in the EGS4 Code....Pages 407-412 Spectrum Shape Analysis Applied to Radioactive Waste Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy....Pages 413-418 Assessment of a Compton Suppression Spectrometer for the Measurement of Medium-and High-Level Radioactive Waste Packages....Pages 419-424 The Degradation of the Energy of Primary Photons Described through the Entropy....Pages 425-430 Monte Carlo Simulation of the Conversion Electron Scattering in Targets for the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements....Pages 431-436 Monte Carlo Simulations on a 9-node PC Cluster....Pages 437-442 Application of Numerical Phantoms and MCNP Calculation for In Vivo Calibration....Pages 443-448 Use of Monte Carlo Method in Support of Medical Applications of Radiation....Pages 449-454 Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy Optimization Using the Monte Carlo Method....Pages 455-460 Coupling Photon Monte Carlo Simulation and CAD Software. Application to X-ray Nondestructive Evaluation....Pages 461-466 Dose Rate Calculations from Radioactive Vascular Stents: DPK Versus Exact MC Approach....Pages 467-472 Dosimetric Study of a Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Source....Pages 473-477 Electron Transport Simulation in the Range 1 keV-4 MeV for the Purpose of High-Resolution Dosimetric Application....Pages 479-481 Shield Optimization for X-rays Using the Monte Carlo Method Combined with Analytical Calculation....Pages 483-488 MCNP Analytical Models of a Calibration Head Phantom for Bone-Seeker Nuclides In Vivo Measurements....Pages 489-496 Monte Carlo Studies of the Portuguese Gamma Irradiation Facility. The Irradiator Geometry and Its Influence on Process Parameters....Pages 497-502 Multiple Scattering in GEANT4. A Comparison with Molière Theory and L3 Detector Data....Pages 503-510 Front Matter....Pages 407-407 On the Use of CAD Geometry for Monte Carlo Particle Transport....Pages 511-516 Analysis of the Simulation of Ge-Detector Calibration for Environmental Radioactive Samples in a Marinelli Beaker Source Using the Monte Carlo Method....Pages 517-522 Simulation of a 32 P Sourcewire and a 90Sr/90Y Sourcetrain Using MCNP4b and EGS4....Pages 523-527 Monte Carlo Simulations for the Estimation of Dose Rates During Handling of Spent Fuel at the Portuguese Research Reactor....Pages 529-534 Photoelectron Collection Efficiency in Rare Gases: A Monte Carlo Study....Pages 535-542 Medical Applications of the Geant4 Toolkit....Pages 543-548 Effect of Voxel Size on Monte Carlo Dose Calculations for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning....Pages 549-554 Monte Carlo Physical Dosimetry for Small Photon Beams....Pages 555-559 Monte Carlo Dose Distributions for Radiosurgery....Pages 561-564 Monte Carlo Conformal Treatment Planning as an Independent Assessment....Pages 565-570 Modelling of Multiple Scattering Distributions by Mixture Models....Pages 571-576 Radiative Transport in Multiple Scattering Media....Pages 577-582 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning....Pages 583-588 Front Matter....Pages 589-589 Research Themes of Broad Transport Applicability....Pages 589-595 Response Decomposition with Monte Carlo Correlated Coupling....Pages 597-602 The Geometrical Sensitivity Option in MCBEND....Pages 603-608 An Alternative Monte Carlo Method for the K -Eigenfunction?....Pages 609-612 Continuous Energy Adjoint Monte Carlo for Coupled Neutron-Photon Transport....Pages 613-618 Application of A 3 MCNP™ to Radiation Shielding Problems....Pages 619-624 Front Matter....Pages 625-625 Status of JAERI’s Monte Carlo Code MVP for Neutron and Photon Transport Problems....Pages 625-630 Front Matter....Pages 625-625 Current Status of the Oak Ridge Monte Carlo Codes: MORSE/SAS4 and KENO....Pages 631-636 The Current Status and Future Plans for the Monte Carlo Codes MONK and MCBEND....Pages 637-642 MCNP Capabilities at the Dawn of the 21st Century: Neutron-Gamma Applications....Pages 643-650 TRIPOLI-3: A Neutron/Photon Monte Carlo Transport Code....Pages 651-656 Front Matter....Pages 657-657 Modern Nuclear Data for Monte Carlo Codes....Pages 657-662 The MCNP Code in Planning and Interpretation of Thermal Neutron Pulsed Experiments....Pages 663-667 Modelling Detector Responses to Neutrons Using MCNP....Pages 669-674 Simulation of Thermal Neutron Transport Processes Directly from the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files....Pages 675-680 Influence of the Photoneutrons on the Kinetics of the Beryllium Reflected Core of the Budapest Research Reactor....Pages 681-686 Front Matter....Pages 687-687 Variance Reduction with Multiple Responses....Pages 687-695 Use of a Hybrid Monte Carlo Technique for Power Shape Calculations....Pages 697-702 Eigenvalue Uncertainty Evaluation in MC Calculations, Using Time Series Methodologies....Pages 703-710 Development and Comparison of Monte Carlo Techniques Implemented in the MORET4 Code for the Calculation of Loosely Coupled Systems....Pages 711-718 Front Matter....Pages 719-719 Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Assessment in Applied Monte Carlo Particle Transport....Pages 719-724 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for Nuclear Criticality Safety Using KENO in the SCALE Code System....Pages 725-730 Monte Carlo Characterisation of the Radiation Field in the Thermal Column of the Portuguese Research Reactor....Pages 731-736 Fission Rate Analysis of a Fast Reactor Fuel Performance Test Using MCNP....Pages 737-742 Benchmarking Monte Carlo Codes for Criticality Safety Using Subcritical Measurements....Pages 743-747 Front Matter....Pages 749-749 Review of Industrial and Medical Applications that Utilize Coupled Neutron-Photon Monte Carlo Transport....Pages 749-754 MCNP Calculations for the Shielding Design of a Beam Tube to Be Installed at the Portuguese Research Reactor....Pages 755-759 Front Matter....Pages 749-749 Monte Carlo Applications in Fusion Neutronics....Pages 761-766 MCNP Simulation of Void Reactivity in a Simplified CANDU Core Sub-region....Pages 767-772 Monte Carlo Simulation of Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry for Underwater Surfaces....Pages 773-778 Monte Carlo Modelling of the Belgian Materials Testing Reactor BR2: Present Status....Pages 779-784 Front Matter....Pages 785-785 Benchmark for a 3D Monte Carlo Boiling Water Reactor Fluence Computational Package - MF3D....Pages 785-790 Intercomparison of Monte Carlo and S N Sensitivity Calculations for a 14 MeV Neutron Benchmark....Pages 791-796 Comparison of Snyder Head Phantom Models Used for Neutron Capture Therapy Benchmark Monte Carlo Dosimetry Calculations....Pages 797-802 Monte Carlo Modeling of Fast Sub-critical Assembly with MOX Fuel for Research of Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 803-808 Evaluation of CRISTO II Storage Arrays Benchmark with TRIPOLI-4.2 Criticality Calculations....Pages 809-814 Front Matter....Pages 815-815 Current State of Monte Carlo Visualization Tools....Pages 815-819 Conceptual Designing of a Reduced Moderation Pressurized Water Reactor by Use of MVP and MVP-BURN....Pages 821-826 The Role of Graphical Supporting Tools for Monte Carlo Analysis....Pages 827-832 Simulating Variable Source Problems via Post Processing of Individual Particle Tallies....Pages 833-840 MCNP Modelling of HTGR Pebble-Type Fuel....Pages 841-846 Front Matter....Pages 847-847 Universal Approach for ADS Blanket Calculations Using the Monte Carlo Method....Pages 847-850 Monte Carlo Depletion Analysis of a PWR Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber by MCNAP....Pages 851-858 Application of Biasing Optimization Techniques to Monte Carlo Shielding Analysis of a Transport Cask....Pages 859-864 Improvement and Benchmarking of the New Shutdown Dose Estimation Method by Monte Carlo Code....Pages 865-870 Monte Carlo Simulation of Neutron and Photon Transport with Direct Utilization of Information from Evaluated Nuclear Data Files....Pages 871-876 Application of MCNP-Based Software Package MF3D for BWR Radiation Damage Computations....Pages 877-880 Front Matter....Pages 847-847 Why Do We Need TARGET?....Pages 881-886 Noise Method for Monitoring the Subcriticality in Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 887-892 Sediment-Density Dependency of Natural Gamma Ray Spectra in a Borehole Geometry....Pages 893-898 Some Experimental and Monte Carlo Investigations of the Plastic Scintillators for the Current Mode Measurements at Pulsed Neutron Sources....Pages 899-904 Feasibility Study of Non-Radioactive Tracers for Monitoring Injected Water in Oil Reservoirs....Pages 905-910 Neutronics and Shielding Analysis of an Ignitor....Pages 911-917 Monte Carlo Calculations for Neutron and Gamma Radiation Fields on a Fast Neutron Irradiation Device....Pages 919-923 Shielding Assessment of the MYRRHA Accelerator-Driven System Using the MCNP Code....Pages 925-930 Numerical Tests for the Problem of U-Pu Fuel Burnup in Fuel Rod and Polycell Models Using the MCNP Code....Pages 931-936 Front Matter....Pages 937-937 The HERMES Monte Carlo Program System: a Versatile Tool for Spallation Physics and Detector Applications....Pages 937-942 MARS Code Status....Pages 943-948 Present Status of Nucleon-Meson Transport Code NMTC/JAERI....Pages 949-954 FLUKA: Status and Prospects for Hadronic Applications....Pages 955-960 Status of the MCNPX Transport Code....Pages 961-966 Front Matter....Pages 967-967 Physics Models and Nuclear Data Evaluations for Enhanced Monte Carlo Transport....Pages 967-972 Development of Heavy Ion Transport Monte Carlo Code....Pages 973-978 Baryon Stopping in High-Energy Collisions in the DPMJET-III Model....Pages 979-984 Front Matter....Pages 985-985 Muons and Neutrinos at High-Energy Accelerators....Pages 985-990 Utilization of Monte Carlo Calculations in Radiation Transport Analyses to Support the Design of the U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)....Pages 991-996 Deep Penetration Monte Carlo Calculations for the European Spallation Source ESS....Pages 997-1002 Front Matter....Pages 985-985 Validation of MC Models of Spallation Reactions in Thin and Thick Targets in the GeV Range....Pages 1003-1008 Design and Effects of the Proton Window of the Spallation Neutron Source....Pages 1009-1014 Application of the EA-MC Code Package to the Design of Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 1015-1020 Front Matter....Pages 1021-1021 Hadronic Collisions: Physics, Models and Event Generators....Pages 1021-1026 Modelling Hadronic Interactions....Pages 1027-1032 The Monte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-III....Pages 1033-1038 Object-Oriented Approach to Preequilibrium and Equilibrium Decays in Geant4....Pages 1039-1044 The GEM Code - the Generalized Evaporation Model and the Fission Model....Pages 1045-1050 Front Matter....Pages 1051-1051 Application of Monte Carlo to Proton Beam Radiation Therapy....Pages 1051-1056 Monte Carlo Analysis of Correlation of Displacement Damage Due to Neutrons, Protons, Electrons and Gamma Ray in Microelectronic Devices....Pages 1057-1062 Monte Carlo Simulations of Neutral Gas and Fast Ion Dynamics in GDT Experiments....Pages 1063-1068 Treatment Planning for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy....Pages 1069-1074 Neutron Shielding Calculations for a 230-MeV Proton Therapy Facility....Pages 1075-1080 Coupling MCNP-DSP and LAHET Monte Carlo Codes for Designing Subcriticality Monitors for Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 1081-1084 Front Matter....Pages 1085-1085 Shielding Benchmark Experiments Through Concrete and Iron with High-Energy Proton and Heavy Ion Accelerators....Pages 1085-1096 New Method and Data on Residue Production in Spallation by 208 Pb on Protons for the Design of Spallation Sources....Pages 1097-1104 Determination of Stopping Power of Ions in Matter....Pages 1105-1110 Comparison of Spallation Neutron and Residual Nuclide Production Data with Different Intra-Nuclear Cascade Models....Pages 1111-1116 Front Matter....Pages 1117-1117 Design of Tracking and Generic Processes in Geant4....Pages 1117-1122 Multigroup Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck Approach for Ion Transport in Amorphous Media....Pages 1123-1128 Front Matter....Pages 1117-1117 A Stochastic Model of Multiple Scattering of Charged Particles: Process, Transport Equation and Solutions....Pages 1129-1138 Front Matter....Pages 1139-1139 PICA3, an Updated Code of Photo-nuclear Cascade Evaporation Code PICA95, and Its Benchmark Experiments....Pages 1139-1144 Monte Carlo Simulation as an Aid to Alpha-Particle Spectrometry....Pages 1145-1150 Measurements and Calculations of Secondary Particle Yields from 100-to 800 MeV/Nucleon Heavy Ions....Pages 1151-1156 Development of an Extended Range Bonner Sphere Spectrometer....Pages 1157-1162 Influence of the FLUKA Geometrical Model on the ADS Demonstration Facility Criticality Calculations....Pages 1163-1168 Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Interactions in the Framework of the FRITIOF Model....Pages 1169-1174 Monte Carlo Simulation of the Neutron Time-of-Flight Facility at CERN....Pages 1175-1180 Systematic Uncertainties on the Determination of the top Mass at the LHC from Soft Fragmentation Effects....Pages 1181-1186 Back Matter....Pages 1187-1192 Front Matter....Pages I-XXVI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Some Random Thoughts on Monte Carlo Electron and Photon Transport....Pages 1-6 Remarkable Moments in the History of Neutron Transport Monte Carlo Methods....Pages 7-15 Hadronic Monte Carlo Transport: A Very Personal View....Pages 17-20 Highlights of Hadronic Sessions, Speculations and Perspective Views....Pages 21-26 Front Matter....Pages 27-27 Analog Electron Physics. Interaction Cross-Sections....Pages 27-32 Modelling the Generalized Oscillator Strength for Low-Energy Electron or Positron Inelastic Scattering....Pages 33-38 Low-Energy Electron Scattering in Solids — a Monte Carlo Approach....Pages 39-42 Monte Carlo Simulation of Few-keV Positrons Penetrating in Solids....Pages 43-47 A “Transport” Condensed History Method....Pages 49-54 Front Matter....Pages 55-55 A Half Century of Monte Carlo, from Slide Rule and Mechanical Desk Calculator to the Laptop Supercomputer....Pages 55-62 Comparison of EGS4 and Measurements Regarding K-X ray and Bremsstrahlung Photons....Pages 63-68 EGS4 Modelling of Coherent Scattering in the Biological Context....Pages 69-74 Implementation of the Anomalous Dispersion of Rayleigh Scattered Photons in EGS4 Code....Pages 75-80 Backscattering from Gold Irradiated with 15–40 keV Photons....Pages 81-86 Monte Carlo Polarimetric Efficiency Simulations for a Single Monolithic CdTe Thick Matrix....Pages 87-92 Simulations for X-Ray Synchrotron Beams Using the EGS4 Code System in Medical Applications....Pages 93-98 Front Matter....Pages 99-99 Applications of Monte Carlo Codes to a Study of Gamma-Ray Buildup Factors, Skyshine and Duct Streaming....Pages 99-104 Simulation of X-ray Spectra Generated by Kilovolt-Electron Bombardment....Pages 105-110 Particle Transport in Inhomogeneous Media....Pages 111-116 Fast Simulation of X-ray Transition Radiation in the GEANT4 Toolkit....Pages 117-122 Front Matter....Pages 99-99 Optimization of a Tunable Quasi-Monochromatic X-ray Source for Cell Irradiations....Pages 123-128 Front Matter....Pages 129-129 Electron Photon Shower Simulation in TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo Code....Pages 129-134 The EGSnrc System, a Status Report....Pages 135-140 Status of MARS Electromagnetic Physics....Pages 141-146 Status of PENELOPE....Pages 147-152 Geant4 Electromagnetic Physics....Pages 153-158 Electron-Photon Transport in FLUKA: Status....Pages 159-164 Front Matter....Pages 165-165 Random, Quasirandom and Hybrid Methods for Transport Problems....Pages 165-173 On the Use of Antithetic Variates....Pages 175-180 Adjoint Monte Carlo Simulation of Fixed-Energy Secondary Radiation....Pages 181-186 Symmetry-Based Variance Reduction Applied to 60 Co Teletherapy Unit Monte Carlo Simulations....Pages 187-192 Importance Biasing Quality Criterion Based on Contribution Response Theory....Pages 193-198 Calculations of Electron Deep Penetration Using the Method of Trajectory Rotation....Pages 199-204 Front Matter....Pages 205-205 The Impact of Monte Carlo Dose Calculations on Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy....Pages 205-210 PC-Based Process Distribution to Solve Iterative Monte Carlo Simulations in Physical Dosimetry....Pages 211-216 Inverse Treatment Planning for Radiation Therapy Based on Fast Monte Carlo Dose Calculation....Pages 217-222 Macro Monte Carlo: Clinical Implementation in a Distributed Computing Environment....Pages 223-228 VMC++, Electron and Photon Monte Carlo Calculations Optimized for Radiation Treatment Planning....Pages 229-236 Front Matter....Pages 237-237 The Track Structure of Photons, Electrons and α-Particles from the Point of View of the Formation of Ionization Clusters....Pages 237-250 Track Structure in Molecular Radiation Biology....Pages 251-260 Front Matter....Pages 237-237 Analogue Monte Carlo to Model Radiation-Induced DNA Damage....Pages 261-265 Basic Data for Track Structure Simulations: Electron Interaction Cross-Sections in Liquid Water....Pages 267-272 Inelastic Cross-Sections for Use in Monte Carlo Track Structure Codes....Pages 273-278 Modelling Ultrasoft X-ray Effects on DNA....Pages 279-284 Radiobiological Modeling in Voxel Constructs....Pages 285-290 Front Matter....Pages 291-291 Monte Carlo Techniques for Primary Standards of Ionizing Radiation and for Dosimetry Protocols....Pages 291-298 Absorbed Dose Conversion Factors for Megavoltage Photon Beams....Pages 299-304 Is the Spencer-Attix Cavity Equation Applicable for Solid-State Detectors Irradiated in Megavoltage Electron Beams?....Pages 305-310 Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron Beams for Radiotherapy - EGS4, MCNP4b and GEANT3 Intercomparison....Pages 311-316 Evaluation of a 50-MV Photon Therapy Beam from a Racetrack Microtron Using MCNP4B Monte Carlo Code....Pages 317-322 Energy Spectra and Dose Distributions of a Medical Linear Electron Accelerator Simulated with BEAM/EGS4 and MCNP....Pages 323-327 Monte Carlo Simulation of an Arc Therapy Treatment by Means of a PC Distribution Model....Pages 329-332 Front Matter....Pages 333-333 Analysis of the Influence of the Radial Displacement of the Source in the Simulation of Ge-Detector Calibration Using MCNP Code....Pages 333-338 Monte Carlo Simulations of Photon Field Characteristics for In Situ Gamma Spectrometry Applications....Pages 339-344 Visual Monte Carlo and Its Application to Internal and External Dosimetry....Pages 345-350 Monte Carlo Simulation of Mammography X-ray Units: a Comparison Between Different Electron Extensions of the EGS4 Code System....Pages 351-356 Front Matter....Pages 357-357 The Use of MCNP in Flash Radiographic Applications at AWE....Pages 357-368 Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulation and Measurement of Electron Reflection from Solids....Pages 369-376 Low-Energy Electron Response of CsI(Tl) and BGO....Pages 377-381 Monte Carlo Estimate to Improve Photon Energy Spectrum Reconstruction....Pages 383-388 Front Matter....Pages 357-357 Monte Carlo Simulations on Rough and Porous Alumina....Pages 389-394 Simulation of the Response Function of an Amorphous Silicon Flat-Panel Array....Pages 395-399 Space Applications of the Geant4 Simulation Toolkit....Pages 401-406 Front Matter....Pages 407-407 Introduction of the Muonic and Cerenkov Effects in the EGS4 Code....Pages 407-412 Spectrum Shape Analysis Applied to Radioactive Waste Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy....Pages 413-418 Assessment of a Compton Suppression Spectrometer for the Measurement of Medium-and High-Level Radioactive Waste Packages....Pages 419-424 The Degradation of the Energy of Primary Photons Described through the Entropy....Pages 425-430 Monte Carlo Simulation of the Conversion Electron Scattering in Targets for the Synthesis of Superheavy Elements....Pages 431-436 Monte Carlo Simulations on a 9-node PC Cluster....Pages 437-442 Application of Numerical Phantoms and MCNP Calculation for In Vivo Calibration....Pages 443-448 Use of Monte Carlo Method in Support of Medical Applications of Radiation....Pages 449-454 Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy Optimization Using the Monte Carlo Method....Pages 455-460 Coupling Photon Monte Carlo Simulation and CAD Software. Application to X-ray Nondestructive Evaluation....Pages 461-466 Dose Rate Calculations from Radioactive Vascular Stents: DPK Versus Exact MC Approach....Pages 467-472 Dosimetric Study of a Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Source....Pages 473-477 Electron Transport Simulation in the Range 1 keV-4 MeV for the Purpose of High-Resolution Dosimetric Application....Pages 479-481 Shield Optimization for X-rays Using the Monte Carlo Method Combined with Analytical Calculation....Pages 483-488 MCNP Analytical Models of a Calibration Head Phantom for Bone-Seeker Nuclides In Vivo Measurements....Pages 489-496 Monte Carlo Studies of the Portuguese Gamma Irradiation Facility. The Irradiator Geometry and Its Influence on Process Parameters....Pages 497-502 Multiple Scattering in GEANT4. A Comparison with Molière Theory and L3 Detector Data....Pages 503-510 Front Matter....Pages 407-407 On the Use of CAD Geometry for Monte Carlo Particle Transport....Pages 511-516 Analysis of the Simulation of Ge-Detector Calibration for Environmental Radioactive Samples in a Marinelli Beaker Source Using the Monte Carlo Method....Pages 517-522 Simulation of a 32 P Sourcewire and a 90Sr/90Y Sourcetrain Using MCNP4b and EGS4....Pages 523-527 Monte Carlo Simulations for the Estimation of Dose Rates During Handling of Spent Fuel at the Portuguese Research Reactor....Pages 529-534 Photoelectron Collection Efficiency in Rare Gases: A Monte Carlo Study....Pages 535-542 Medical Applications of the Geant4 Toolkit....Pages 543-548 Effect of Voxel Size on Monte Carlo Dose Calculations for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning....Pages 549-554 Monte Carlo Physical Dosimetry for Small Photon Beams....Pages 555-559 Monte Carlo Dose Distributions for Radiosurgery....Pages 561-564 Monte Carlo Conformal Treatment Planning as an Independent Assessment....Pages 565-570 Modelling of Multiple Scattering Distributions by Mixture Models....Pages 571-576 Radiative Transport in Multiple Scattering Media....Pages 577-582 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning....Pages 583-588 Front Matter....Pages 589-589 Research Themes of Broad Transport Applicability....Pages 589-595 Response Decomposition with Monte Carlo Correlated Coupling....Pages 597-602 The Geometrical Sensitivity Option in MCBEND....Pages 603-608 An Alternative Monte Carlo Method for the K -Eigenfunction?....Pages 609-612 Continuous Energy Adjoint Monte Carlo for Coupled Neutron-Photon Transport....Pages 613-618 Application of A 3 MCNPTM to Radiation Shielding Problems....Pages 619-624 Front Matter....Pages 625-625 Status of JAERI’s Monte Carlo Code MVP for Neutron and Photon Transport Problems....Pages 625-630 Front Matter....Pages 625-625 Current Status of the Oak Ridge Monte Carlo Codes: MORSE/SAS4 and KENO....Pages 631-636 The Current Status and Future Plans for the Monte Carlo Codes MONK and MCBEND....Pages 637-642 MCNP Capabilities at the Dawn of the 21st Century: Neutron-Gamma Applications....Pages 643-650 TRIPOLI-3: A Neutron/Photon Monte Carlo Transport Code....Pages 651-656 Front Matter....Pages 657-657 Modern Nuclear Data for Monte Carlo Codes....Pages 657-662 The MCNP Code in Planning and Interpretation of Thermal Neutron Pulsed Experiments....Pages 663-667 Modelling Detector Responses to Neutrons Using MCNP....Pages 669-674 Simulation of Thermal Neutron Transport Processes Directly from the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files....Pages 675-680 Influence of the Photoneutrons on the Kinetics of the Beryllium Reflected Core of the Budapest Research Reactor....Pages 681-686 Front Matter....Pages 687-687 Variance Reduction with Multiple Responses....Pages 687-695 Use of a Hybrid Monte Carlo Technique for Power Shape Calculations....Pages 697-702 Eigenvalue Uncertainty Evaluation in MC Calculations, Using Time Series Methodologies....Pages 703-710 Development and Comparison of Monte Carlo Techniques Implemented in the MORET4 Code for the Calculation of Loosely Coupled Systems....Pages 711-718 Front Matter....Pages 719-719 Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Assessment in Applied Monte Carlo Particle Transport....Pages 719-724 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for Nuclear Criticality Safety Using KENO in the SCALE Code System....Pages 725-730 Monte Carlo Characterisation of the Radiation Field in the Thermal Column of the Portuguese Research Reactor....Pages 731-736 Fission Rate Analysis of a Fast Reactor Fuel Performance Test Using MCNP....Pages 737-742 Benchmarking Monte Carlo Codes for Criticality Safety Using Subcritical Measurements....Pages 743-747 Front Matter....Pages 749-749 Review of Industrial and Medical Applications that Utilize Coupled Neutron-Photon Monte Carlo Transport....Pages 749-754 MCNP Calculations for the Shielding Design of a Beam Tube to Be Installed at the Portuguese Research Reactor....Pages 755-759 Front Matter....Pages 749-749 Monte Carlo Applications in Fusion Neutronics....Pages 761-766 MCNP Simulation of Void Reactivity in a Simplified CANDU Core Sub-region....Pages 767-772 Monte Carlo Simulation of Natural Gamma Ray Spectrometry for Underwater Surfaces....Pages 773-778 Monte Carlo Modelling of the Belgian Materials Testing Reactor BR2: Present Status....Pages 779-784 Front Matter....Pages 785-785 Benchmark for a 3D Monte Carlo Boiling Water Reactor Fluence Computational Package - MF3D....Pages 785-790 Intercomparison of Monte Carlo and S N Sensitivity Calculations for a 14 MeV Neutron Benchmark....Pages 791-796 Comparison of Snyder Head Phantom Models Used for Neutron Capture Therapy Benchmark Monte Carlo Dosimetry Calculations....Pages 797-802 Monte Carlo Modeling of Fast Sub-critical Assembly with MOX Fuel for Research of Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 803-808 Evaluation of CRISTO II Storage Arrays Benchmark with TRIPOLI-4.2 Criticality Calculations....Pages 809-814 Front Matter....Pages 815-815 Current State of Monte Carlo Visualization Tools....Pages 815-819 Conceptual Designing of a Reduced Moderation Pressurized Water Reactor by Use of MVP and MVP-BURN....Pages 821-826 The Role of Graphical Supporting Tools for Monte Carlo Analysis....Pages 827-832 Simulating Variable Source Problems via Post Processing of Individual Particle Tallies....Pages 833-840 MCNP Modelling of HTGR Pebble-Type Fuel....Pages 841-846 Front Matter....Pages 847-847 Universal Approach for ADS Blanket Calculations Using the Monte Carlo Method....Pages 847-850 Monte Carlo Depletion Analysis of a PWR Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber by MCNAP....Pages 851-858 Application of Biasing Optimization Techniques to Monte Carlo Shielding Analysis of a Transport Cask....Pages 859-864 Improvement and Benchmarking of the New Shutdown Dose Estimation Method by Monte Carlo Code....Pages 865-870 Monte Carlo Simulation of Neutron and Photon Transport with Direct Utilization of Information from Evaluated Nuclear Data Files....Pages 871-876 Application of MCNP-Based Software Package MF3D for BWR Radiation Damage Computations....Pages 877-880 Front Matter....Pages 847-847 Why Do We Need TARGET?....Pages 881-886 Noise Method for Monitoring the Subcriticality in Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 887-892 Sediment-Density Dependency of Natural Gamma Ray Spectra in a Borehole Geometry....Pages 893-898 Some Experimental and Monte Carlo Investigations of the Plastic Scintillators for the Current Mode Measurements at Pulsed Neutron Sources....Pages 899-904 Feasibility Study of Non-Radioactive Tracers for Monitoring Injected Water in Oil Reservoirs....Pages 905-910 Neutronics and Shielding Analysis of an Ignitor....Pages 911-917 Monte Carlo Calculations for Neutron and Gamma Radiation Fields on a Fast Neutron Irradiation Device....Pages 919-923 Shielding Assessment of the MYRRHA Accelerator-Driven System Using the MCNP Code....Pages 925-930 Numerical Tests for the Problem of U-Pu Fuel Burnup in Fuel Rod and Polycell Models Using the MCNP Code....Pages 931-936 Front Matter....Pages 937-937 The HERMES Monte Carlo Program System: a Versatile Tool for Spallation Physics and Detector Applications....Pages 937-942 MARS Code Status....Pages 943-948 Present Status of Nucleon-Meson Transport Code NMTC/JAERI....Pages 949-954 FLUKA: Status and Prospects for Hadronic Applications....Pages 955-960 Status of the MCNPX Transport Code....Pages 961-966 Front Matter....Pages 967-967 Physics Models and Nuclear Data Evaluations for Enhanced Monte Carlo Transport....Pages 967-972 Development of Heavy Ion Transport Monte Carlo Code....Pages 973-978 Baryon Stopping in High-Energy Collisions in the DPMJET-III Model....Pages 979-984 Front Matter....Pages 985-985 Muons and Neutrinos at High-Energy Accelerators....Pages 985-990 Utilization of Monte Carlo Calculations in Radiation Transport Analyses to Support the Design of the U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS)....Pages 991-996 Deep Penetration Monte Carlo Calculations for the European Spallation Source ESS....Pages 997-1002 Front Matter....Pages 985-985 Validation of MC Models of Spallation Reactions in Thin and Thick Targets in the GeV Range....Pages 1003-1008 Design and Effects of the Proton Window of the Spallation Neutron Source....Pages 1009-1014 Application of the EA-MC Code Package to the Design of Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 1015-1020 Front Matter....Pages 1021-1021 Hadronic Collisions: Physics, Models and Event Generators....Pages 1021-1026 Modelling Hadronic Interactions....Pages 1027-1032 The Monte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-III....Pages 1033-1038 Object-Oriented Approach to Preequilibrium and Equilibrium Decays in Geant4....Pages 1039-1044 The GEM Code - the Generalized Evaporation Model and the Fission Model....Pages 1045-1050 Front Matter....Pages 1051-1051 Application of Monte Carlo to Proton Beam Radiation Therapy....Pages 1051-1056 Monte Carlo Analysis of Correlation of Displacement Damage Due to Neutrons, Protons, Electrons and Gamma Ray in Microelectronic Devices....Pages 1057-1062 Monte Carlo Simulations of Neutral Gas and Fast Ion Dynamics in GDT Experiments....Pages 1063-1068 Treatment Planning for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy....Pages 1069-1074 Neutron Shielding Calculations for a 230-MeV Proton Therapy Facility....Pages 1075-1080 Coupling MCNP-DSP and LAHET Monte Carlo Codes for Designing Subcriticality Monitors for Accelerator-Driven Systems....Pages 1081-1084 Front Matter....Pages 1085-1085 Shielding Benchmark Experiments Through Concrete and Iron with High-Energy Proton and Heavy Ion Accelerators....Pages 1085-1096 New Method and Data on Residue Production in Spallation by 208 Pb on Protons for the Design of Spallation Sources....Pages 1097-1104 Determination of Stopping Power of Ions in Matter....Pages 1105-1110 Comparison of Spallation Neutron and Residual Nuclide Production Data with Different Intra-Nuclear Cascade Models....Pages 1111-1116 Front Matter....Pages 1117-1117 Design of Tracking and Generic Processes in Geant4....Pages 1117-1122 Multigroup Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck Approach for Ion Transport in Amorphous Media....Pages 1123-1128 Front Matter....Pages 1117-1117 A Stochastic Model of Multiple Scattering of Charged Particles: Process, Transport Equation and Solutions....Pages 1129-1138 Front Matter....Pages 1139-1139 PICA3, an Updated Code of Photo-nuclear Cascade Evaporation Code PICA95, and Its Benchmark Experiments....Pages 1139-1144 Monte Carlo Simulation as an Aid to Alpha-Particle Spectrometry....Pages 1145-1150 Measurements and Calculations of Secondary Particle Yields from 100-to 800 MeV/Nucleon Heavy Ions....Pages 1151-1156 Development of an Extended Range Bonner Sphere Spectrometer....Pages 1157-1162 Influence of the FLUKA Geometrical Model on the ADS Demonstration Facility Criticality Calculations....Pages 1163-1168 Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Interactions in the Framework of the FRITIOF Model....Pages 1169-1174 Monte Carlo Simulation of the Neutron Time-of-Flight Facility at CERN....Pages 1175-1180 Systematic Uncertainties on the Determination of the top Mass at the LHC from Soft Fragmentation Effects....Pages 1181-1186 Back Matter....Pages 1187-1192