Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology I: Fundamentals and Molecular Design (Springer Series on Fluorescence, 8)

Fluorescence reporter is the key element of any sensing or imaging technology. Its optimal choice and implementation is very important for increasing the sensitivity, precision, multiplexing power, and also the spectral, temporal, and spatial reso- tion in different methods of research and practical analysis. Therefore, design of ?uorescence reporters with advanced properties is one of the most important problems. In this volume, top experts in this ?eld provide advanced knowledge on the design and properties of ?uorescent dyes. Organic dyes were the ?rst ?uorescent materials used for analytical purposes, and we observe that they retain their leading positions against strong competition of new materials – conjugated polymers, semiconductor nanocrystals, and metal chelating complexes. Recently, molecular and cellular biology got a valuable tool of organic ?uorophores synt- sized by cell machinery and incorporated into green ?uorescent protein and its analogs. Demands of various ?uorescence techniques operating in spectral, anisotropy, and time domains require focused design of ?uorescence reporters well adapted to these techniques. Near-IR spectral range becomes more and more attractive for various applications, and new dyes emitting in this range are strongly requested. Two-photonic ?uorescence has become one of the major tools in bioimaging, and ?uorescence reporters well adapted to this technique are in urgent need. These problems cannot be solved without the knowledge of fundamental principles of dye design and of physical phenomena behind their ?uorescence response. Front Matter....Pages i-x Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Comparative Analysis of Fluorescence Reporter Signals Based on Intensity, Anisotropy, Time-Resolution, and Wavelength-Ratiometry....Pages 3-24 Front Matter....Pages 25-25 Optimized UV/Visible Fluorescent Markers....Pages 27-64 Long-Wavelength Probes and Labels Based on Cyanines and Squaraines....Pages 65-104 Two-Photon Absorption in Near-IR Conjugated Molecules: Design Strategy and Structure–Property Relations....Pages 105-147 Discovery of New Fluorescent Dyes: Targeted Synthesis or Combinatorial Approach?....Pages 149-186 Front Matter....Pages 187-187 Physical Principles Behind Spectroscopic Response of Organic Fluorophores to Intermolecular Interactions....Pages 189-223 Organic Dyes with Excited-State Transformations (Electron, Charge, and Proton Transfers)....Pages 225-266 Dyes with Segmental Mobility: Molecular Rotors....Pages 267-308 Electrochromism and Solvatochromism in Fluorescence Response of Organic Dyes: A Nanoscopic View....Pages 309-330 Electric Field Sensitive Dyes....Pages 331-344 Front Matter....Pages 345-345 Photophysics and Spectroscopy of Fluorophores in the Green Fluorescent Protein Family....Pages 347-383 Back Matter....Pages 385-389 This volume is focused on one of the most important challenges in sensing and imaging technologies: the design of fluorescence reporters with advanced properties. Here organic dyes occupy leading positions, in tough competition with novel materials such as metal chelating complexes and semiconductor nanoparticles. 11 chapters written by top experts in the field show new possibilities in the design of organic dyes as fluorescent labels and reporters. They particularly highlight the progress that has been made in enhancing the response to intermolecular interactions and their excited-state reaction dynamics (intramolecular charge and proton transfers), and on the development of dyes with strong two-photon absorption and emitting in the near-IR region. Furthermore, fluorophores incorporated into new members of the green fluorescent protein family, an invaluable tool for live cell imaging, are examined