Advanced Chemical Methods for Soil and Clay Minerals Research : Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute Held at the University of Illinois, July 23 – August 4, 1979

During the past few years there has been a marked increase in the use of advanced chemical methods in studies of soil and clay mineral systems, but only a relatively small number of soil and clay scientists have become intimately associ­ ated and acquainted with these new techniques. Perhaps the most important obstacles to technology transfer in this area are: 1) many soil and clay chemists have had insufficient opportunities to explore in depth the working principles of more recent spectroscopic developments, and therefore are unable to exploit the vast wealth of information that is available through the application of such ad­ vanced technology to soil chemical research; and 2) the necessary equipment gen­ erally is unavailable unless collaborative projects are undertaken with chemists and physicists who already have the instruments. The objective of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at the University of Illinois from July 23 to August 4, 1979, was to partially alleviate these obstacles. This volume, which is an extensively edited and reviewed version of the proceedings of that Advanced Study Institute, is an essential aspect of that purpose. Herein are summarized the theory and most current applications of six different spectroscopic methods to soil and/or clay mineral systems. The instrumental methods examined are Mossbauer, neutron scattering, x-ray photoelectron (XPS, ESCA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR, EPR), and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Contributing authors were also lecturers at the Advanced Study Institute, and are each well known and respected authorities in their respective disciplines. Front Matter....Pages i-x Mössbauer Spectroscopy....Pages 1-92 Neutron Scattering Methods of Investigating Clay Systems....Pages 93-168 Introduction to X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy....Pages 169-203 Application of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to the Study of Mineral Surface Chemistry....Pages 205-243 The Application of NMR to the Study of Clay Minerals....Pages 245-315 Distribution of Ions in the Octahedral Sheet of Micas....Pages 317-329 General Theory and Experimental Aspects of Electron Spin Resonance....Pages 331-389 Applications of ESR Spectroscopy to Inorganic-Clay Systems....Pages 391-421 Application of Spin Probes to ESR Studies of Organic-Clay Systems....Pages 423-450 Applications of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy to the Study of Soils and Clay Minerals....Pages 451-465 Back Matter....Pages 467-477 Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Urbana-Champaign, U.S.A., July 23-August 4, 1979