ADOLESCENT SLEEP PATTERNS: BIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES; ED. BY MARY A. CARSKADON

There is a growing concern in relation to the problem of insufficient sleep, particularly in the United States. In the early 1990s a Congressionally mandated commission noted that insufficient sleep is a major contributor to catastrophic events, such as Chernobyl and the Exxon Valdez, as well as personal tragedies, such as automobile accidents. Adolescents appear to be among the most sleep-deprived populations in our society, though they are rarely included in sleep assessments. This book explores the genesis and development of sleep patterns in adolenscents. It examines biological and cultural factors that influence sleep patterns, presents risks associated with lack of sleep, and reveals the effects of environmental factors such as work and school schedules on sleep. Originally published in 2002, Adolescent Sleep Patterns will appeal to psychologists and sociologists of adolescence who have not yet considered the important role of sleep in the lives of our youth. Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Contributors......Page 9 Foreword......Page 11 Preface......Page 15 1. Sleep and Adolescence: A Social Psychologist’s Perspective......Page 23 REFERENCES......Page 25 2. Factors Influencing Sleep Patterns of Adolescents......Page 26 Behavioral Phenomena......Page 27 Parents......Page 28 Academics......Page 30 Employment......Page 31 School Start Time......Page 32 Intrinsic Sleep Mechanisms......Page 33 Circadian Timing System......Page 35 School Transition Study......Page 39 Vulnerable Systems......Page 41 REFERENCES......Page 43 Endocrine Changes in Puberty......Page 49 Morphology of Puberty......Page 50 Neuroendocrine Changes......Page 52 Neurophysiologic Correlates of Puberty......Page 54 Control of Pubertal Onset......Page 55 Melatonin and Control of Pubertal Onset......Page 56 Puberty and Timing of Sleep-Wake Behavior......Page 58 REFERENCES......Page 59 4. Maturational Changes in Sleep-Wake Timing: Longitudinal Studies of the Circadian Activity Rhythm of a Diurnal Rodent......Page 62 Results......Page 65 Discussion......Page 69 REFERENCES......Page 70 5. Nutrition and Circadian Activity Offset in Adolescent Rhesus Monkeys......Page 72 Nonhuman Primate Models of Adolescence......Page 73 The Biology of Brain Development in Primate Adolescence......Page 76 Effect of Zinc Deprivation on Adolescent Development......Page 77 Dietary Zinc Deprivation......Page 79 Procedures for Activity Monitoring......Page 81 Changes in Delay in Circadian Activity Onset over Adolescence......Page 83 REFERENCES......Page 86 6. Toward a Comparative Developmental Ecology of Human Sleep......Page 91 Components of Human Sleep Ecology......Page 93 Proximate Physical Ecology of Sleep......Page 95 Presence of Fire......Page 96 Sleep Space or Structure......Page 98 Sleeping Arrangements......Page 99 Separation of Sleep-Wake States......Page 101 Presence of Animals......Page 102 Macropredators: Humans and Large Carnivores......Page 103 Parasites and Nighttime Pests......Page 104 Labor Demands......Page 105 Conversation......Page 107 Visiting and Traveling......Page 108 Ritual Practices......Page 109 Constraining Beliefs......Page 112 Effects of Status......Page 113 Physical Ecology......Page 114 Daytime Napping......Page 115 Sexual Intercourse......Page 116 Sleep and the Life Course......Page 117 Sleep Life History Case 2: Gebusi......Page 120 Socialization of State Regulation......Page 121 Evolutionary Ecology of Human Sleep......Page 124 Comparative Sleep Ecology......Page 126 Sleep Ecology and Biology: Implications and Speculations......Page 131 Conclusions......Page 133 REFERENCES......Page 134 7. Sleep Patterns of High School Students Living in São Paulo, Brazil......Page 140 Method......Page 141 Sleep Complaints......Page 143 Bedtime, Wake-up Time, and Sleep Length on Weekdays and Weekends......Page 144 Relationships between Sleep Patterns and Sleep Complaints......Page 146 Discussion......Page 147 REFERENCES......Page 152 8. Sleep Patterns and Daytime Function in Adolescence: An Epidemiological Survey of an Italian High School Student Sample......Page 154 Methods......Page 155 Sleeping Habits......Page 156 Sleep Difficulties......Page 158 Use of Substances to Promote Sleep......Page 160 Sociodemographic Factors......Page 161 Impact of Sleep on Daytime Function......Page 162 Discussion......Page 163 REFERENCES......Page 168 9. Risks of Driving While Sleepy in Adolescents and Young Adults......Page 170 Participants......Page 171 Results......Page 172 Methods......Page 176 Results......Page 177 Discussion......Page 178 REFERENCES......Page 180 Circadian Timing of Work and Sleep......Page 181 Rescheduling Shift Starting Times: Effects on Sleep and Alertness......Page 184 Extended Work Hours and Sleep......Page 187 Discussion......Page 190 REFERENCES......Page 192 11. Accommodating the Sleep Patterns of Adolescents within Current Educational Structures: An Uncharted Path......Page 194 Sleep Research......Page 195 Stakeholder Reports......Page 196 Athletics......Page 197 Facility Availability for Community Groups......Page 198 Middle School......Page 199 School-Age Child Care......Page 200 Food Service......Page 201 Elementary Directors......Page 202 Employers Report......Page 203 School Start Times outside the Metropolitan Area......Page 204 Teacher Survey......Page 205 Summary of Findings......Page 206 Parent Survey......Page 207 Edina Teachers Focus Group Summary......Page 209 Edina Student Focus Group Summary......Page 211 Edina Counselors Focus Group Summary......Page 212 Edina Administration Focus Group Summary......Page 213 Parent Written Survey Report from Edina School District......Page 214 Discussion......Page 216 Appendix: Overview of Findings from Metropolitan Minneapolis: 1995–1996 to 1999–2000......Page 218 REFERENCES......Page 219 12. Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice: What Will Adolescents’ Sleep-Wake Patterns Look Like in the 21st Century?......Page 220 Developmental Changes in Adolescents’ Sleep......Page 222 School Start Times......Page 224 Work Hours and Other After-School Activities......Page 225 Emotional and Behavioral Well-Being......Page 229 The Next Generation of Students......Page 231 Countermeasures: Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice......Page 233 School and Community Countermeasures and Systemic Changes......Page 235 Countermeasures for Sleepiness: Student Strategies......Page 236 REFERENCES......Page 238 13. Influence of Irregular Sleep Patterns on Waking Behavior......Page 242 Measures......Page 244 Data Analysis......Page 246 Results......Page 247 Discussion......Page 252 REFERENCES......Page 256 Adolescence: A Period of Storm and Stress?......Page 258 Stress and Sleep: A Conceptual Model......Page 260 Stress and Sleep in Adolescence......Page 262 Specific Adolescent Issues......Page 263 Social versus Family Relationships......Page 265 Academic Pressures......Page 266 The Effects of Non-Age-Specific Traumatic Events......Page 267 Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 268 Case Vignette 1, Dana......Page 269 Case Vignette 2, David......Page 270 Case Vignette 3, Ronit......Page 271 REFERENCES......Page 273 15. The Search for Vulnerability Signatures for Depression in High-Risk Adolescents: Mechanisms and Significance......Page 276 Sleep Changes and Depression......Page 277 Familiality of Sleep Measures......Page 279 Sleep Disturbance and Subsequent Depression: Epidemiologic Clues......Page 281 Sleep Studies of High-Risk Samples......Page 282 Pharmacologic Probe in High-Risk Adolescents......Page 284 Are Subtle Sleep Disruptions Pathways to Depression?......Page 286 REFERENCES......Page 287 16. The Regulation of Sleep-Arousal, Affect, and Attention in Adolescence: Some Questions and Speculations......Page 291 Defining Adolescence......Page 292 Cognitive-Emotional Interface from a Literary Perspective (Or, What Happens When Teenage Brains Fall in Love?)......Page 294 Neural Plasticity and Sensitive Periods of Development......Page 297 Studies from Early Child Development Relevant to the Cognitive-Emotional Interface (Or, How to Get Johnny to Put Away His Toy......Page 298 Vulnerability to Affect Dysregulation......Page 300 Links to Sleep-Arousal Regulation (Or, Back to Sleep)......Page 302 The Role of Attention (Or, How Can We Teach Highly Aroused-Stressed Kids to Relax?)......Page 303 REFERENCES......Page 304 Index......Page 307 Foreword / William C. Dement -- Preface / Mary A. Carskadon -- Sleep And Adolescence: A Social Psychologist's Perspective / Sanford M. Dornbusch -- Factors Influencing Sleep Patterns Of Adolescents / Mary A. Carskadon -- Endocrine Changes Associated With Puberty And Adolescence / Gary S. Richardson, Barbara A. Tate -- Maturational Changes In Sleep-wake Timing: Longitudinal Studies Of The Circadian Activity Rhythm Of A Diurnal Rodent / Barbara A. Tate, Gary S. Richardson, Mary A. Carskadon -- Nutrition And Circadian Activity Offset In Adolescent Rhesus Monkeys / Mari S. Golub, Peter T. Takeuchi, Tana M. Hoban-higgins -- Toward A Comparative Developmental Ecology Of Human Sleep / Carol M. Worthman, Melissa K. Melby -- Sleep Patterns Of High School Students Living In Sao Paulo, Brazil / Miriam Andrade, L. Menna-barreto -- Sleep Patterns And Daytime Function In Adolescence: An Epidemiological Survey Of An Italian High School Student Sample / Flavia Giannotti, Flavia Cortesi -- Risks Of Driving While Sleepy In Adolescents And Young Adults / Mary A. Carskadon -- What Can The Study Of Work Scheduling Tell Us About Adolescent Sleep? / Roger H. Rosa -- Accommodating The Sleep Patterns Of Adolescents Within Current Educational Structures: An Uncharted Path / Kyla L. Wahlstrom -- Bridging The Gap Between Research And Practice: What Will Adolescents' Sleep-wake Patterns Look Like In The 21st Century? / Amy R. Wolfson -- Influence Of Irregular Sleep Patterns On Waking Behavior / Christine Acebo, Mary A. Carskadon. Edited By Mary A. Carskadon. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Adolescents are among the most sleep deprived populations in our society. This book explores the genesis and development of sleep patterns at this phase of the life span. It examines biological and cultural factors that influence sleep patterns, presents risks associated with lack of sleep, and reveals the effects of environmental factors such as work and school schedules on sleep. This study will appeal to psychologists and sociologists of adolescence who have not yet considered the important role of sleep in the lives of our youth. Adolescents are among the most sleep deprived populations in our society. This book explores the genesis and development of sleep patterns at this phase of the life span. It will appeal to researchers in the study of adolescence who have not yet considered the role of sleep in the lives of our youth Adolescents are among the most sleep-deprived populations in our society. This book explores the genesis and development of sleep patterns of adolescents. It will appeal to researchers in the study of adolescence who have not yet considered the role of sleep in the lives of our youth. There is a growing concern about insufficient sleep and it is considered a major factor in many accidents. This book explores the development of the sleep patterns of adolescents, a group particularly at risk of lack of sleep