Adaptive optics for industry and medicine : proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop, National University of Ireland, Ireland, 12-15 June 2007

This proceedings volume presents the very latest developments in non-astronomical adaptive optics. This international workshop, the sixth in a biennial series, was the largest ever held and boasted significant involvement by industry. Adaptive optics is on the verge of being used in many products; indeed, at this meeting, the use of adaptive optics in DVD players was disclosed for the first time. Sample Chapter(s). Liquid Crystal Lenses For Correction Of Presbyopia (586 KB). Contents: Wavefront Correctors and Control: Liquid Crystal Lenses for Correction of Presbyopia (G Li & N Peyghambarian) Contents......Page 8 Preface......Page 6 Part 1 Wavefront Correctors and Control......Page 18 2. Design and results......Page 20 3. Discussions and conclusions......Page 24 References......Page 25 1. Introduction......Page 26 2. Construction and operation......Page 27 3. Results......Page 29 References......Page 30 Summary......Page 31 1. Introduction......Page 34 2. Optical Quality......Page 36 3. Active Control......Page 38 References......Page 39 1. Introduction......Page 40 2. Finite elements method for bimorph mirror modeling......Page 41 3. Experimental sample of the tiny mirror......Page 42 4. Multimorph mirrors......Page 44 References......Page 45 1. Piezoelectric Deformable Mirrors......Page 46 2. 109-channel PDM......Page 47 2.1. Initial figure and active flattening of the mirror......Page 48 2.2. Aberration generation......Page 49 References......Page 51 1. Introduction......Page 52 2. The standard 61 actuator module......Page 54 3. The 427 - actuator prototype......Page 55 4. Testing......Page 56 Reference......Page 57 1. Introduction......Page 58 1.1. Deformable Mirror Architecture and Fabrication......Page 59 2. Laboratory Characterization......Page 60 3. Closed Loop Performance......Page 62 References......Page 63 1. Introduction......Page 64 2. Electrostatic polymer micro-deformable mirror......Page 65 3. Open-loop operation......Page 67 References......Page 69 1. MEMS AO Technology Platform......Page 70 2. TIAI Mirrors with Improved Mechanical Drift Stability......Page 71 3. Two-Level Mirror Actuators......Page 73 4. AO Performance Characterization......Page 74 References......Page 75 1. Introduction......Page 76 2.1. Device Considerations......Page 77 3.1.1. Single Triangular Mirror......Page 78 3.1.2. Vertical Actuator for Deformable Mirror Applications......Page 79 References......Page 81 1. Summary......Page 82 2.1. Large Actuator Count DM's......Page 83 2.3. Long Stroke DMs......Page 85 References......Page 87 1. Introduction......Page 88 2. Experimental set-up......Page 89 3. Qualitative and Quantitative monitoring of the AO system......Page 90 References......Page 93 1. Introduction......Page 94 2. Laboratory Demonstrator......Page 95 3. Woofer-tweeter control......Page 96 References......Page 99 1. Piezoelectric actuators......Page 100 2. Stack actuators vs transversal-effect actuators......Page 102 3. Deformable mirrors with actuators based on the transversal piezo effect......Page 103 References......Page 105 1. Introduction......Page 106 2. TNLCD phase only working mode......Page 107 3. TNLCD as a compensation unit in AO systems......Page 108 4. TNLCD as a complete AO system......Page 109 References......Page 111 1. Iris AO reformable-Mirror Background......Page 112 2. Ease of use......Page 114 3. Compact DM and electronics......Page 116 References......Page 117 1. Device......Page 118 2. Simulation of performance in visual optics......Page 121 References......Page 122 1. Manufacturing process......Page 123 2. Mirror characterization......Page 124 3. Optical performance......Page 126 1. Introduction......Page 129 2. Experimental Setup......Page 130 3.2. Identification of inverse Preisach hysteresis model......Page 131 5. Conclusion......Page 133 References......Page 134 1. Introduction......Page 135 2. Methods......Page 136 3. Results......Page 138 4. Conclusions......Page 139 References......Page 140 1. Introduction......Page 141 2.1. Interference measurements......Page 142 2.2. Diffraction measurements......Page 143 3. Wave Front Generation......Page 144 References......Page 146 1. Introduction......Page 147 2.1. Bimorph and monomorph deformable mirrors......Page 148 2.3.1. Stroke......Page 149 3.1. “Print through ” effect......Page 150 3.2. Stroke......Page 151 Acknowledgements......Page 152 1. Introduction......Page 153 2.2. System-on-a-chip architecture......Page 154 2.3. Laboratory demonstrator......Page 156 3. Future directions......Page 158 References......Page 159 1.1. The MCAO Testbed......Page 160 2. The "Wooferfit" Linear Super-Position Method......Page 162 3. Results......Page 163 References......Page 165 Part 2 Wavefront Sensors......Page 166 1. Introduction......Page 168 2. Aberration correction by image optimisation......Page 169 3. Results......Page 172 References......Page 173 A fundamental limit for wavefront sensing (Oral Paper) Carl Paterson......Page 174 References......Page 179 2. Design considerations for a fibre-based wavefront sensor......Page 180 3. First experimental trials......Page 183 References......Page 185 1. Introduction......Page 186 2. Maximum Likelihood estimation......Page 187 3. ML estimation for Poisson statistics......Page 188 4. Preliminary results including nuisance parameters......Page 190 References......Page 191 1. Introduction......Page 192 2. Experimental system and procedure......Page 193 3. Results......Page 194 References......Page 198 1. Limitations of the Hartmann and Shack-Hartmann tests......Page 199 2. Proposed method......Page 200 4. Conclusion......Page 203 References......Page 204 2. Quadri-Wave Lateral Shearing Interferometry......Page 205 3. Adaptive optics with QWLSI......Page 207 4. Bearn or Mirror Phasing with a QWLSI......Page 208 References......Page 209 1. Introduction......Page 210 3. Experimental Implementation......Page 211 4. Calibration......Page 212 5. Results......Page 213 6. Conclusions and Future Work......Page 215 References......Page 216 1. Introduction......Page 217 2. Pixel Structure......Page 218 3. Results......Page 220 References......Page 222 1. Introduction......Page 223 2. Adaptive Optics System......Page 224 2.1. Wavefront sensor......Page 225 3.1. Wavefront generation performance of the PPM......Page 226 3.2. Compensation of the wavefront transmitted by a commercial PAL......Page 227 References......Page 228 1. Introduction......Page 229 2. Principle of LPR Method......Page 230 3. Numerical and Experiment Results of LPR Sensor......Page 231 4. Principle of LPR Sensor in Adaptive Optics System......Page 232 6. Conclusion......Page 234 References......Page 235 Ophthalmic Shack-Hatmann wavefront sensor applications (Oral Paper) Daniel R. Neal......Page 236 References......Page 242 1. Introduction......Page 244 2. Vortex generation and wave front sensing......Page 245 3. Vortex wave front correction......Page 247 References......Page 249 Recent advances in laser metrology and correction of high numerical aperture laser beams using quadri-wave lateral shearing-interferometry (Poster Paper) Benoit Wattellier, Ivan Doudet and William Boucher......Page 251 1. Introduction......Page 254 2.1. Simulation Results......Page 255 2.2. Thickness Retrieval......Page 256 3. Thin Film Metrology Using Wavefront Sensing......Page 257 4. Film Thickness Using Wavefront Interference......Page 258 References......Page 259 1. Introduction......Page 260 2. Modified Sommerfield Diffractive Integral (MSDI) Method......Page 261 3. Direct Diffractive Image Simulation......Page 262 References......Page 264 1. Introduction......Page 265 2. Description of the Hardware......Page 266 3. ExperimentaI Results......Page 268 4. Conclusions......Page 269 References......Page 270 1. Wavefront Artefact......Page 271 2. Verification......Page 272 3. Initial check......Page 273 4.1. Double pass measurement......Page 274 5. Conclusion......Page 275 References......Page 276 Part 3 Adaptive Optics in Vision Science......Page 278 Dual-conjugate adaptive optics instrument for wide-field retinal imaging (Oral Paper) Jorgen Thaung, Mette-Owner Petersen and Zoran Popovic......Page 280 2. Methods......Page 281 3. Results......Page 283 References......Page 285 1. Introduction......Page 286 2. Method......Page 287 3. Results......Page 288 References......Page 291 1. IsopIanatic patch definition......Page 292 2.1. Average phase correction method......Page 293 2.2. Multiconjugate correction method......Page 294 3. Conclusions......Page 295 References......Page 297 1. Introduction......Page 298 2. Ocular AO system......Page 299 3. Psychophysical experiments on visual performance......Page 301 References......Page 303 1. Introduction......Page 304 2.2. Aberration measurements......Page 306 2.4. Target......Page 307 4. Discussion & Conclusion......Page 308 References......Page 309 1. Introduction......Page 310 2. Experimental Setup......Page 311 3. The tear film effect on repeatability of wavefront measurements......Page 312 4. Field dependence of ocular aberrations......Page 314 References......Page 315 Dual wavefront corrector ophthalmic adaptive optics: design and alignment (Oral Paper) Alfredo Dubra and David Williams......Page 316 References......Page 320 1. Introduction......Page 321 2. Methods......Page 322 3. Results......Page 323 References......Page 325 1. Introduction......Page 327 3. Analysis of residual wavefront error......Page 328 References......Page 332 1. Introduction......Page 333 2. System description......Page 334 3. Experiment resolution......Page 335 4. Conclusions......Page 337 References......Page 338 2. Set-up......Page 339 3. Calibration......Page 340 4. Measurements on real eyes......Page 341 4.2. Thru - Luminance Visual Acuity: Snellen E......Page 343 References......Page 344 2. Adaptive eye model scheme......Page 346 3. Control algorithm......Page 347 5. Aberrations reproduction results......Page 348 6. Aberrations compensation results......Page 350 7. Conclusions......Page 351 References......Page 352 1. Pyramid wavefront sensing for ophthalmology with imaging of retinal blood vessels......Page 353 2. Magnetic mirror features......Page 356 3. Conclusions......Page 357 References......Page 358 1. Introduction......Page 359 2. Measurements......Page 360 4.1. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA ) Models......Page 361 4.2. Simulation of Models......Page 362 5. Discussion......Page 363 References......Page 364 1. Introduction......Page 365 2.1. Adaptive Optics Vision Simulator......Page 366 2.2. Vision Test Design......Page 367 3.1. Influence of Different Correction Strategy on Rsual Benefit......Page 368 4. Discussion and Conclusion......Page 369 References......Page 370 1. Deformable mirror description......Page 371 2.1. Influence functions......Page 372 2.3. Resonance frequency......Page 373 4. Conclusion: summary of the performances......Page 374 Reference......Page 375 1. Introduction......Page 376 2. Profiles of different pupil sizes......Page 377 3. System......Page 380 4. Conclusion......Page 381 Refereces......Page 382 Part 4 Adaptive Optics in Optical Storage and Microscopy......Page 384 1.1. Coma aberration......Page 386 1.3. Astigmatic aberration......Page 387 3. Experimental results......Page 388 3.2. dual function LCAC......Page 389 3.3. Multi function LCA......Page 390 4. The applications of the LCAC......Page 391 References......Page 392 1.Introduction to the Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM)......Page 393 2. Process Commercialization and Technology Transfer......Page 394 3. Description of the ASOM Product......Page 396 4. ASOM Product Demonstrations......Page 397 References......Page 398 2. Method......Page 399 3. Results......Page 401 4. Conclusion and Discussion......Page 403 References......Page 404 1. Introduction......Page 405 2. Experimental Arrangement......Page 406 3.1. Vascular movement correction......Page 407 3.2. Real-time dental etching......Page 408 References......Page 410 1. Introduction......Page 411 1.1. Three-Dimensional Imaging using a Distorted Diffraction Grating......Page 412 2.1. Three-Dimensional Imaging in Microscopy......Page 413 3.2. Experimental Results......Page 414 4. AppIications - Live Cell Imaging and Beyond......Page 415 References......Page 416 1. Presentation of the issues......Page 417 2. Experimental setup......Page 419 4. Conclusion......Page 420 Part 5 Adaptive Optics in Lasers......Page 422 1.1. Laser Architecture......Page 424 1.2. Laser Performance......Page 425 2.1. Resonator Mirror Design Approach......Page 426 2.2. Fabrication......Page 427 3. Conclusion......Page 428 References......Page 429 2.1. Constraints of the resonator layout......Page 430 2.2. Resonator layout......Page 431 3.1. Experiments without additional artificial aberrations......Page 432 3.2. Experiments with additional artificial aberrations......Page 434 References......Page 435 1. Introduction......Page 436 1. Bimorphdeformable mirror......Page 437 3. Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor......Page 438 4. Some interesting new results......Page 439 5. Conclusions......Page 441 References......Page 442 1. Introduction......Page 443 2. Wavefront characteristic of the Shenguang-III prototype system......Page 444 3. Adaptive optical system design and its performance......Page 447 Reference......Page 449 1. Introduction......Page 450 2. Steady-state brightness optimisation......Page 451 3. Transient optimisation......Page 452 4.1. The bimorph mirror......Page 453 4.2. Control of the mirror......Page 454 References......Page 455 1 Introduction......Page 456 2 Gerchber-Saxton algorithm for single-mode beam reshaping......Page 457 3 Modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for multi-mode beam reshaping......Page 459 4 Conclusions......Page 460 References......Page 461 1. Introduction......Page 462 2. Mathematic Piston Module Analysis......Page 463 3. Close-Loop Calibration Experiments......Page 465 4. Results of Experiment and Analysis......Page 466 References......Page 467 1. Introduction......Page 468 2. Experimental Setup......Page 469 3. Experimental Results and Analysis......Page 470 4. Conclusions......Page 472 References......Page 473 Part 6 Adaptive Optics in Communication and Amospheric Compensation......Page 474 1. Introduction......Page 476 2. Theory......Page 477 3. Fourier Image Sharpness Sensor......Page 478 4. Modeling......Page 479 5. Discussion......Page 480 References......Page 481 2. Optical Setup......Page 482 3. System characteristics......Page 484 4. Imaging results......Page 486 References......Page 487 1.2. Free Space Optical Communications......Page 488 2.1. Active correction......Page 489 3.1. Theoretical model......Page 490 3.3. Experiments......Page 491 3.4. Simulations......Page 492 References......Page 493 1. Concept of a low-cost AO system......Page 494 2. Optical system......Page 496 3. Optical test results......Page 497 References......Page 499 1. Introduction......Page 500 2. Hardware and Software Description......Page 501 4. Calibrations and Results......Page 502 References......Page 505 1. Introduction......Page 506 4. Wavefront Sensor Analysis......Page 507 5. Angle-of-arrival Fluctuations......Page 508 6. Branch Point Detection......Page 509 References......Page 510 1. Introduction......Page 512 3. Efficiency of wavefront sensing with reduced cones of light......Page 513 References......Page 518 Deformable membrane mirror with high actuator density and distributed control (Oral Paper) Roger Hamelinck, Nick Rosielle, Maarten Steinbuch, Rogier Ellenbroek, Michel Verhaegen and Niek Doelman1. Introduction; 2. The standard 61 actnator module; 3. The 427 - actuator prototype; 4. Testing; 5. Future work; Reference; Characterization and closed-loop demonstration of a novel electrostatic membrane mirror using COTS membranes (Oral Paper) David Dayton, Justin Mansell, Bob and John Gonglewski; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Deformable Mirror Architecture and Fabrication; 2. Laboratory Cbaracterization Liquid lens technology for miniature imaging systems: status of the technology, performance of existing products and future trends (Invited Paper) Bruno BergeSummary; Carbon fiber reinforced polymer deformable mirrors for high energy laser applications (Oral Paper) S.R. Restaino, JR. Andrews, R. Martin, T. Martinez, R. Romeo, c.c. Wilcox; 1. Introduction; 2. Optical Quality; 3. Active Control; 4. Conclusions; References; Tiny multilayer deformable mirrors (Oral Paper) Tatiana Cherezova, Alexander Sobolev, Alexander Alexandrov, Alexey Kudryashov, and Vadim Samarkin; 1. Introduction 3. Closed Loop Performance4. Conclusions; References; Electrostatic micro-deformable mirror based on polymer materials (Oral Paper) Frederic Zamkotsian, Patrick Lanzoni, Veronique Conedera and Norbert Fabre; 1. Introduction; 2. Electrostatic polymer micro-deformable mirror; 3. Open-loop operation; References; Recent progress in CMOS integrated MEMS AO mirror development (Oral Paper) A. Gehner, J.U. Schmidt, M Wildenhain, J. Knobbe and M Wagner; 1. MEMS AO Technology Platform; 2. TiAl Mirrors with Improved Mechanical Drift Stability; 3. Two-Level Mirror Actuators Preface; Contents; Traceable astigmatism measurements for wavefront sensors (Poster Paper) S R G Hall, S D Knox, R F Stevens; Part 1 Wavefront Correctors and Control; Liquid crystal lenses for correction of presbyopia (Invited Paper) Guoqiang Li and Nasser Peyghambarian; 1. Introduction; 2. Design and results; 3. Discussious and conclusious; References; Converging and diverging liquid crystal lenses (Oral Paper) Andrew K. Kirby, Philip J W Hands, and Gordon D. Love; 1. Introduction; 2. Construction and operation; 3. Results; Acknowledgments; References La 4e de couverture indique : "This proceedings volume presents the very latest developments in non-astronomical adaptive optics. This international workshop, the sixth in a biennial series, was the largest ever held and boasted significant involvement by industry. Adaptive optics is on the verge of being used in many products; indeed, at this meeting, the use of adaptive optics in DVD players was disclosed for the first time."