Acute and Chronic Cough (Lung Biology in Health and Disease, Volume 205)

A comprehensive review of the scientific and clinical aspects of acute and chronic cough, this reference focuses on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular biology of putative cough receptors, the neural mechanisms involved in the afferent and efferent limbs, the central processing of the cough reflex, and peptides and other substances that may mediate or modulate the cough reflex. With chapters wriitenby acknowledged authorities in the field, this handbook covers current and potential therapeutic agents, various methodologies to measure cough reflex sensitivity, and clinical approaches for the assessment of chronic cough in adults and children. Introduction......Page 14 Preface......Page 16 Contributors......Page 20 Contents......Page 24 Introduction......Page 32 The TRP Channel Superfamily......Page 33 Molecular Characterization of TRPV1......Page 37 Studies in TRPV1-Deficient Mice......Page 42 Expression of TRPV1......Page 43 Functions of TRPV1 in the Airway......Page 44 TRPs in Nonneuronal Cells of the Airway......Page 45 References......Page 46 Introduction......Page 56 Classification of Airway Afferent Nerve Subtypes......Page 57 Properties of Airway Afferent Nerve Subtypes and Their Potential Role in Regulating Cough......Page 58 Other Airway Afferent Nerve Subtypes......Page 65 Interactions Between Afferent Nerve Subtypes Evoking Cough......Page 68 References......Page 72 Introduction......Page 80 Dorsal Respiratory Group......Page 82 Medullary Raphe Nuclei......Page 84 Nucleus Tractus Solitarii......Page 85 Cerebellum......Page 86 Cough Gating Mechanism/Process......Page 88 Laryngeal Expiration Reflex......Page 89 References......Page 92 Tachykinins and Tachykinin Receptors in the Airways......Page 96 Involvement of Tachykinins in Cough......Page 99 Tachykinin Receptor Antagonists and Cough......Page 102 Conclusion......Page 105 References......Page 106 Introduction......Page 112 Clinical Aspects of ACE Inhibitor-Induced Cough......Page 113 Enzymatic Modulation of ACE and ACE Inhibitors......Page 114 Pathogenesis of ACE Inhibitor-Induced Cough......Page 115 Clinical Management of ACE Inhibitor-Induced Cough......Page 122 Summary......Page 123 References......Page 124 Introduction......Page 136 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Cough Response in Primary Sensory Neurons......Page 137 Modes of Activation and/or Sensitization of TRPV1......Page 140 Pharmacological Intervention in TRPV1-Mediated Cough......Page 143 Conclusions......Page 147 References......Page 148 The Normal and Abnormal Cough Reflex......Page 156 The Enhanced Cough Reflex......Page 157 Potential Novel Classes of Antitussives (Table 1)......Page 159 Conclusion......Page 166 References......Page 167 Introduction......Page 174 Cough Production Mechanism......Page 175 Recording and Analysis of the Cough Sound......Page 176 Conclusions......Page 188 References......Page 189 Cough Inhalation Challenge......Page 192 Capsaicin Inhalation Challenge......Page 193 References......Page 203 Introduction......Page 208 Historical Aspects......Page 209 Delivery of Acid Tussives......Page 210 Methodology of Acid Inhalation Cough Challenge......Page 211 Mechanisms of Citric Acid-Induced Cough......Page 214 Animal Studies......Page 216 Human Studies......Page 217 References......Page 220 Introduction......Page 226 Physiology of Cough......Page 227 Modulation of Coughing Induced by Water Solutions......Page 236 Cough Challenges with Water Aerosols in the Clinical Setting......Page 237 Assessment of Cough......Page 239 Conclusions......Page 240 References......Page 241 Definition of Acute Cough......Page 246 Epidemiology......Page 247 Mechanisms......Page 250 Treatment......Page 256 Conclusions......Page 263 References......Page 264 Introduction......Page 268 Anatomic Diagnostic Protocol......Page 269 Initial Clinical Assessment......Page 270 References......Page 276 Gastroesophageal Reflux......Page 280 Pathogenesis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease......Page 281 The Role of Gastroesophageal Reflux in the Pathogenesis of Cough......Page 282 Summary......Page 292 References......Page 293 Introduction......Page 298 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: The Current Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment......Page 299 Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients with Chronic Cough......Page 304 Antireflux Surgery......Page 317 Results of Surgery for Patients with Cough......Page 319 Summary: Approach to the Management of Patients with Cough Due to Gastroesophageal Reflux......Page 323 References......Page 325 Introduction......Page 334 Cough-Variant Asthma in Adults......Page 335 Cough-Variant Asthma in Children......Page 338 Pathophysiology......Page 339 Pathology......Page 341 Neuropeptide Expression......Page 343 Natural History......Page 344 Treatment......Page 345 Relationship of Cough-Variant Asthma to Eosinophilic Bronchitis and to "Atopic Cough"......Page 346 References......Page 347 Introduction......Page 354 Clinical Features and Diagnosis......Page 355 Treatment......Page 358 Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Bronchitis......Page 359 Natural History of Eosinophilic Bronchitis......Page 360 References......Page 362 Introduction......Page 364 Differential Diagnosis of PND......Page 365 Treatment of Cough Due to PND......Page 370 Conclusion......Page 372 References......Page 373 Introduction......Page 376 Differential Diagnosis......Page 377 Clinical Management......Page 387 References......Page 389 Introduction......Page 392 Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Normal Subjects......Page 393 The Cough Reflex and Irritant Exposure......Page 396 How Is the Cough Reflex Enhanced in Disease?......Page 397 References......Page 399 Gender Distribution in Causes of Chronic Cough......Page 404 Gender Difference in Cough Reflex Sensitivity......Page 408 Possible Mechanism of Female Preponderance in Chronic Cough......Page 411 References......Page 414 Introduction......Page 420 Assessment of Health Status......Page 421 References......Page 429 Introduction......Page 432 Major Conceptual Differences in Children and Adults with Chronic Cough......Page 433 Causes of Chronic Cough in Children......Page 434 Assessment and Management of Childhood Chronic Cough......Page 445 Investigation of Childhood Chronic Cough......Page 447 References......Page 450 Index......Page 458 Back cover......Page 466 A Comprehensive Review Of The Scientific And Clinical Aspects Of Acute And Chronic Cough, This Reference Focuses On Recent Developments In The Understanding Of The Molecular Biology Of Putative Cough Receptors, The Neural Mechanisms Involved In The Afferent And Efferent Limbs, The Central Processing Of The Cough Refelex, And Peptides And Other Substances That May Mediate Or Modulate The Cough Reflex. Covers Current And Potential Therapeutic Agents, Various Methodologies To Measure Cough Reflex Sensitivity, And Clinical Approaches For The Assessment Of Chronic Cough In Adults And Children. Molecular Biology Of Trpv1 And Related Receptors / Sun Wook Hwang -- Afferent Pathways Regulating The Cough Reflex / Brendan J. Canning And Stuart B. Mazzone -- Central Cough Mechanisms : Neuroanatomy And Neurophysiology / Roger Shannon ... [et Al.] -- Role Of Tachykinins In Cough / Charles Advenier, Brendan J. Canning, And Vincent Lagente -- Ace Inhibitor-induced Cough : Lessons From Animal Models / Yuko Morishima ... [et Al.] -- Pharmacology Of Putative Cough Receptors / Pierangelo Geppetti, Marcello Trevisani, And Selena Harrison -- Pharmacological Modulation Of The Cough Reflex And Development Of New Antitussives / K. F. Chung -- Analysis Of The Cough Sound / John Earis And Jaclyn Smith -- Capsaicin Inhalation Cough Challenge / Peter V. Dicpinigaitis -- Acid Inhalation Cough Challenge / Jack A. Kastelik -- Water Aerosols And Cough / Giovanni A. Fontana, Federico Lavorini, And Massimo Pistolesi -- Acute Cough : Epidemiology, Mechanisms, And Treatment / Ronald Eccles -- Systematic Evaluation Of Chronic Cough / Caroline F. Everett And Alyn H. Morice -- The Pathogenesis Of Cough In Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease / Alvin J. Ing -- Management Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-related Chronic Cough / Christopher J. Allen -- Cough-variant Asthma / Anthony E. Redington -- Eosinophilic Bronchitis / Christopher E. Brightling ... [et Al.] -- Upper Airway Causes Of Chronic Cough / Thaddeus Bartter, Ziad C. Boujaoude, And Melvin R. Pratter -- Psychogenic Cough / Paul A. Greenberger -- Cough Reflex Sensitivity In Health And Disease / Alyn H. Morice -- Cough And Gender / Masaki Fujimura -- Impact Of Cough On Health Status / Surinder S. Birring And Ian D. Pavord -- Chronic Cough In Children / Julie M. Marchant And Anne B. Chang. Edited By Anthony E. Redington, Alyn H. Morice. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.