Activated sludge solids separation problem

This scientific and technical report describes the main reasons for the growth of the different filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge and the biological molecular tools today available for the identification of the main biomass components. Activated Sludge Separation Problems: Theory, Control Measures, Practical Experiences, Second Edition, describes the most common activated sludge separation problems and explains the main reasons for the growth of the different filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge. The book summarizes the identification techniques for important groups of activated sludge microorganisms both based on conventional microscopic analysis and using the biological molecular tools available today (FISH and PCR). This new edition, with 70% new and updated material, also provides explanation of basic activated sludge process principles and of parameters necessary for process control and operation. The theory of secondary clarifies is described to the extent necessary for understanding the construction and operation of secondary clarifiers. The activated sludge reactor and secondary clarifies are treated as one system and the interactions are explained. The wide range of experiences around the world is documented and the methods to avoid the proliferation of these organisms are presented and critically reviewed. Activated Sludge Separation Problems consists of six chapters, presenting up-to-date technical and scientific aspects of these processes. The new edition also features an extended list of literature references for further reading. The book will be a valuable help for students of environmental engineering, wastewater specialists, plant operators and designers of activated sludge plants. It is also useful for specialists in wastewater operation laboratories, especially for those studying activated sludge separation properties Cover -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Wastewater characterization -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Gross Parameters -- 1.3 Physical Properties -- 1.4 Organic Matter -- 1.5 Inorganic Matter -- 1.6 Micropollutants -- 1.7 Biodegradability -- 1.7.1 COD, Nitrogen and phosphorus fractionation -- 1.7.2 Evaluation methods -- References -- Chapter 2: The microbiology of the activated sludge process -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Microorganisms in Activated Sludge -- 2.2.1 Bacteria: cell structure -- 2.2.2 Inclusions -- 2.3 The Identification of Bacteria -- 2.3.1 Conventional taxonomy -- 2.3.2 Molecular taxonomy -- 2.3.3 Molecular characterization of mixed biomass -- 2.4 Filamentous Bacteria -- 2.5 Microthrix parvicella -- 2.5.1 Identification of M. parvicella -- 2.5.2 Physiology of 'Candidatus M. parvicella' -- 2.6 Thiothrix -- 2.7 Nostocoida limicola -- 2.8 Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms (PAO) -- 2.9 Glycogen Accumulating Organisms (GAO) -- 2.10 Nitrifiers -- 2.11 Denitrifiers -- References -- Chapter 3: Activated sludge separation problems -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 'Well-settling' Activated Sludge -- 3.2.1 Requirements -- 3.2.2 Microscopic features of well settling activated sludge -- 3.3 Activated Sludge Separation Problems -- 3.3.1 Poor floc microstructure -- 3.3.2 Poor floc macrostructure -- 3.3.3 Other reasons -- 3.4 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 4: Aeration tank and secondary clarifier as one system -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Aeration Tank and Secondary Clarifier Interactions -- 4.2.1 Activated sludge process -- 4.2.2 Secondary clarifier -- 4.2.3 Separation function -- 4.2.4 BOD5 -- 4.2.5 COD -- 4.2.6 Nitrogen and phosphorus -- 4.3 The Impact of Aeration Basin Equipment and Operation on the Performance of Secondary Clarifiers Wastewater characterization The microbiology of activated sludge process AS separation problems Aeration tank and secondary clarifier as one system Bulking and Foaming control methods Experiences in various countries, Australia, Austria, Belgium, China, Czech Republik, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Malaysia, South Africa, Spain, USA