Across the Alps in prehistory : isotopic mapping of the Brenner Passage by bioarchaeology

At the heart of this book is the matter of how isotopic landscapes combined with data mining enriches insights on prehistoric migration and cultural transfer. Isotopic mapping is an indispensable tool for the assessment of mobility and trade in the past, but is limited by eco-geographic redundancies. An interdisciplinary research group focuses on the archaeological isotopic landscape of a reference region of outstanding importance, namely the transalpine migration route via the Brenner Pass which has been in use since the Mesolithic. Over the period of several cultural epochs, cremation was either the most common or exclusive burial custom practiced. For the first time, a systematic and large scale investigation of cremated remains was being conducted in the field of prehistoric migration research. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 208 Pb/ 207 Pb, 206 Pb/ 207 Pb and – if applicable - also δ18O were measured in human and animal skeletal finds, an isotopic map was established, and innovative methods of data mining and similarity research have been applied to accomplish this novel approach to studying prehistoric migration and culture transfer. The book has interdisciplinary appeal and scholars working in bioarchaeology, physical anthropology and computer applications in life sciences will find it of particular interest. At the heart of this book is the matter of how isotopic landscapes combined with data mining enriches insights on prehistoric migration and cultural transfer. Isotopic mapping is an indispensable tool for the assessment of mobility and trade in the past, but is limited by eco-geographic redundancies. An interdisciplinary research group focuses on the archaeological isotopic landscape of a reference region of outstanding importance, namely the transalpine migration route via the Brenner Pass which has been in use since the Mesolithic. Over the period of several cultural epochs, cremation was either the most common or exclusive burial custom practiced. For the first time, a systematic and large scale investigation of cremated remains was being conducted in the field of prehistoric migration research. 87Sr/86Sr, 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/207Pb and - if applicable - also delta18O were measured in human and animal skeletal finds, an isotopic map was established, and innovative methods of data mining and similarity research have been applied to accomplish this novel approach to studying prehistoric migration and culture transfer. The book has interdisciplinary appeal and scholars working in bioarchaeology, physical anthropology and computer applications in life sciences will find it of particular interest Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Transalpine Mobility and Trade since the Mesolithic....Pages 1-26 The Concept of Isotopic Landscapes: Modern Ecogeochemistry versus Bioarchaeology....Pages 27-48 Early Roman Transfer of Animals Across the Alps: Setting the Stage for Interpreting the Results of Isotope Fingerprinting....Pages 49-74 The Crystalline State of Archaeological Bone Material....Pages 75-104 The Isotopic Fingerprint: New Methods of Data Mining and Similarity Search....Pages 105-125 Isotopic Map of the Inn-Eisack-Adige-Brenner Passage and its Application to Prehistoric Human Cremations....Pages 127-227 Current Synthesis and Future Options....Pages 229-250 Back Matter....Pages 251-255