Acquired Brain Injury : Clinical Essentials for Neurotrauma and Rehabilitation Professionals

This is a clinically accessible reference guide to acquired brain injuries (ABIs) that provides medical and nonmedical healthcare professionals who work with patients in brain trauma and rehabilitation settings with easily understandable information about this population. It provides physicians, psychologists, social workers, counselors, nurses, other allied health professionals, and particularly trainees with short clinical synopses of a full range of ABIs, from causes through diagnoses and treatment. Written by expert authors, the resource summarizes knowledge on the most prevalent ABIs in a clear, consistent format including overview, etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation (including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and sensorimotor), diagnostic considerations, evidence-based treatments, prognosis, and an illustrative case study. Psychosocial considerations for ABI patients, an important component of care, are also addressed. Key Features: Delivers information in a concise, quick reference format Written in accessible language Informs a wide range of healthcare professionals and trainees Covers a full gamut of ABIs Authored by recognized experts in the field Cover Title Copyright Contents Contributors Preface Acknowledgments Share Acquired Brain Injury: Clinical Essentials for Neurotrauma and Rehabilitation Professionals Chapter 1: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview Overview History Pathophysiology Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 2: Moderate to Severe Brain Injury Overview History Pathophysiology Primary Injury Secondary Injury Chronic Complications of TBI Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Considerations Severity of Injury Typical Cognitive Deficits Physical and Emotional Symptoms Course of Recovery Complication Factors in Recovery Treatment Rehabilitation Therapy Pharmacotherapy Psychotherapy and Neurobehavioral Interventions Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 3: Cerebrovascular Injuries Overview History Pathophysiology Etiology Heart Blood Vessels Blood Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Acute Stroke Management Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study Acknowledgment References Chapter 4: Brain Tumors Overview Location Type of Tissue Involved Benign Versus Malignant Other Tumors History Pathophysiology Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 5: Neuroinfection Overview History Pathophysiology Encephalitis Meningitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Etiology Encephalitis Meningitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Encephalitis Meningitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Presentation Encephalitis Meningitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnostic Considerations Encephalitis Meningitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Encephalitis Meningitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prognosis Encephalitis Meningitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Synopsis Overview Etiology Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment Case Study References Chapter 6: Neurotoxic and Metabolic Injuries Overview Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning History Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Pathophysiology Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Etiology Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Epidemiology Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Clinical Presentation Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Diagnostic Considerations Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Treatment Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Prognosis Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Clinical Synopsis Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy Uremic Encephalopathy Hyperhomocysteinemia and Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolic Risk Factors of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Organophosphates and Pesticides Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Toxic Metabolic Encephalopathy Lead Poisoning Acknowledgment References Chapter 7: Hypoxia/Anoxia Overview History Pathophysiology Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 8: Electrical and Lightning Brain Injuries Overview History Pathophysiology Type of Current Voltage Resistance Path of Current Flow Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Physical Neurological Cognitive and Emotional Disturbances Diagnostic Considerations Laboratory Tests Neurodiagnostic Imaging Neuropsychological Assessment Treatment Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Burns Musculoskeletal Ocular, Auditory, and Cardiac Complications Neurological Cognitive and Emotional Disturbances Case Studies Lightning Injury Electrical Injury References Chapter 9: Acquired Brain Injury Secondary to Substance Use Disorder Overview History Pathophysiology Alcohol Inhalants Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics Stimulants Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Alcohol Inhalants Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics Stimulants Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study Treatment References Chapter 10: Post–Acquired Brain Injury Headaches Overview History Pathophysiology Etiology Traumatic Brain Injury Cerebrovascular Disease Meningoencephalitis/Encephalitis Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Traumatic Brain Injury Cerebrovascular Disease Meningoencephalitis/Encephalitis Treatment Pharmacologic Interventions Nonpharmacologic Interventions Lifestyle Modifications Addressing Comorbidity Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 11: Post–Acquired Brain Injury Epilepsy Overview Introduction Etiology and Epidemiology Posttraumatic Epilepsy Pathophysiology Poststroke Epilepsy Tumor-Associated Epilepsy Postinfectious Epilepsy Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 12: Post–Acquired Brain Injury Movement Disorders Overview History Pathophysiology Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Tremor Posttraumatic Dystonia Posttraumatic Parkinsonism Posttraumatic Hyperkinesias Posttraumatic Tics Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 13: Acquired Brain Injury in Children Overview History Pathophysiology Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation History Physical Examination Diagnostic Considerations Neuropsychological Testing Imaging Treatment Return to School Return to Play Medications Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 14: Acquired Brain Injury in the Elderly Overview History Pathophysiology Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 15: Psychosocial Characteristics of Acquired Brain Injury Overview History Pathophysiology/Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation/Diagnostic Considerations Personality Changes Depression Anxiety Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Communication Disorders Treatment Psychosocial Interventions Somatopsychology Stage Models Ecological Models Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Chapter 16: Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation: Clinical Essentials Neurorehabilitation Brain Injury Recovery and Neuroplasticity Comprehensive Neurorehabilitation/Transdisciplinary Team Physical and Cognitive Rehabilitation Psychosocial Rehabilitation Guiding Principles for Rehabilitation Modalities Traditional Approaches Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Mirror Therapy Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) Locomotor Training Virtual Reality Robotics in Rehabilitation Brain–Computer Interfaces Medication Management Rehabilitation Settings Early Acute Care Rehabilitation Post–Acute Rehabilitation Community (RE)Integration Preparation Challenges of Return to Home Goals for Community Reintegration Select Rehabilitation Topics Coma Vegetative State or Unresponsive Wakefulness Minimally Conscious State Emergence Behavioral Assessment for Disorders of Consciousness Disorders of Consciousness Rehabilitation References Chapter 17: Feigning Issues in Brain Injury Overview History Pathophysiology/Etiology Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnostic Considerations Treatment/Prognosis Clinical Synopsis Case Study References Index

This is a clinically accessible reference guide to acquired brain injuries (ABIs) that provides medical and nonmedical healthcare professionals who work with patients in brain trauma and rehabilitation settings with easily understandable information about this population. It provides physicians, psychologists, social workers, counselors, nurses, other allied health professionals, and particularly trainees with short clinical synopses of a full range of ABIs, from causes through diagnoses and treatment.

Written by expert authors, the resource summarizes knowledge on the most prevalent ABIs in a clear, consistent format including overview, etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation (including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and sensorimotor), diagnostic considerations, evidence-based treatments, prognosis, and an illustrative case study. Psychosocial considerations for ABI patients, an important component of care, are also addressed.

Key Features:

• Delivers information in a concise, quick reference format
• Written in accessible language
• Informs a wide range of healthcare professionals and trainees
• Covers a full gamut of ABIs
• Authored by recognized experts in the field

This is a clinically accessible reference guide to acquired brain injuries (ABIs) that provides medical and nonmedical health care professionals who work with patients in brain trauma and rehabilitation settings with easily understandable information about this population. It provides physicians, psychologists, social workers, counselors, nurses, other allied health professionals, and particularly trainees with short clinical synopses of a full range of ABIs, from causes through diagnoses and treatment. Written by expert authors, the resource summarizes knowledge on the most prevalent ABIs in a clear, consistent format including overview, etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation (including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and sensorimotor), diagnostic considerations, evidence-based treatments, prognosis, and an illustrative case study. Psychosocial considerations for ABI patients, an important component of care, are also addressed. -- Provided by publisher Provides non-medical specialist professionals who work with patients in brain trauma and rehabilitation settings with easily understandable information about this challenging population. It provides psychologists, social workers, counsellors, nurses, and particularly trainees, with short clinical synopses of a full range of advanced brain njuries, from causes to diagnoses and treatment.