Acoustic emission and critical phenomena : from structural mechanics to geophysics ; [contributions ... presented at the Post-Conference Workshop on "Acoustic Emission and Critical Phenomena: From Structural Mechanics to Geophysics" (Catania, Italy, 22 Ju

The Acoustic Emission (AE) technique uses ad hoc transducers to detect AE events caused by crack growth in structures under external loading. This technique is similar to the one employed in earthquake control, where seismic waves reach the monitoring stations placed on the surface of the Earth. And although they take place on different scales, the Acoustic Emission and Critical Phenomena: From Structural Mechanics to Geophysics......Page 3 Contents......Page 5 Preface......Page 7 Acknowledgements......Page 9 INTRODUCTION......Page 10 References......Page 18 1.1 Space-time characterization of AE sources......Page 20 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 21 3 EFFECTS OF MATERIALS......Page 23 4 KAISER EFFECT......Page 25 5 SOURCE LOCATION......Page 27 6 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION......Page 28 7 AE IN STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT......Page 31 8 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 32 References......Page 33 1 STRESS AND ENERGY:THE INDIVIDUAL AE EVENT......Page 36 2 AE AND STABILIZATION OF MATERIAL AND STRUCTURE......Page 39 References......Page 45 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 47 2 AE-EVENTS AND LOCALIZATION OF FRACTURES......Page 48 3.2 Hinkley criterion......Page 49 3.3 Wavelet transformation......Page 52 3.4 Autoregressive AIC-picker......Page 53 4.1 Splitting test......Page 58 4.2 Pull-out test......Page 59 5 FRACTURE MODES......Page 61 6 MOMENT TENSOR INVERSION......Page 62 7 EXAMPLE OF MODE DETERMINATION......Page 66 References......Page 69 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 73 2 REVIEW OF ELASTICITY SOLUTION......Page 75 3 TRANSDUCER RESPONSE AND CALIBRATION......Page 76 3.1 Sensitivity Parameter......Page 77 3.2 AE System......Page 78 3.3 Sensor Calibration......Page 79 4 SOURCE MODEL......Page 80 5 ANALYSES OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA......Page 84 References......Page 89 1.2 AE detection of failure processes in concrete structures......Page 91 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 92 2.1 Corrosion monitoring by AE......Page 93 2.3 SiGMA-AE analysis......Page 94 (1) Experiment......Page 96 (2) Results......Page 97 (1) Experiment......Page 99 (2) Results......Page 101 (1) Experiment......Page 102 4 CONCLUSION......Page 105 References......Page 106 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 108 2 LOCALIZATION OF AE SOURCES......Page 110 3 FRACTAL DIMENSION ALONG THE SIGNAL TRACE......Page 112 4 LOCALIZATION ACCURACY IN EXPERIMENT......Page 114 5 CHARACTERIZATION OF AE SOURCES......Page 116 6 FAILURE MODES OBSERVED IN FRP RETROFITTED BEAMS......Page 119 7 MOMENT TENSOR ANALYSIS......Page 120 8 STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AE EVENTS......Page 124 9 CONCLUSIONS......Page 126 References......Page 127 1.3 AE damage quantification in civil structures......Page 130 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 131 2.1 Piezoelectric signals......Page 132 2.3 AE based damage/fracture indices......Page 133 3.1 Installation of AE sensors......Page 138 3.2.1 Monitoring condition......Page 140 3.2.2 Data interpretation......Page 141 3.3.2 AE activity due to excavation......Page 143 4.1.1 Testing condition......Page 145 4.1.2 Results and discussion......Page 146 4.2.1 Monitoring condition......Page 149 4.2.2 Results and discussion......Page 150 4.3.1 Experimental procedure......Page 151 4.3.2 Results and discussion......Page 152 References......Page 154 1 INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY EVALUATION......Page 158 2 ACOUSTIC EMISSION ANALYSIS DURING LOADING TESTS......Page 160 3 INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS......Page 161 4 EXAMPLES......Page 163 References......Page 168 ABSTRACT......Page 169 2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP......Page 170 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 174 References......Page 185 2.1 Critical state transition in earthquake dynamics......Page 187 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 188 2 CHARACTERISTIC EARTHQUAKES......Page 189 3 PARKFIELD EARTHQUAKES......Page 190 4 SLIDER-BLOCK MODEL......Page 194 5 DAMAGE......Page 196 6 NUCLEATION......Page 197 References......Page 202 ABSTRACT......Page 205 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 206 2 EARTHQUAKE FORECASTING BASED ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS IN REGIONAL SEISMICITY......Page 207 2.1 Statistical prediction strategies based on regional seismicity: the ETAS approach......Page 208 2.2 Prediction strategies based on precursory spatial and temporal patterns in regional seismicity: Accelerating moment release......Page 209 2.3 Mechanisms that produce Accelerating Moment Release......Page 210 2.3.2 Approach to a critical point......Page 211 2.3.3 Stress Accumulation Model......Page 215 3 DISCUSSION......Page 217 References......Page 218 2.2 Scale invariant behaviour in earthquake occurrence......Page 222 1 SELF-SIMILARITY, SCALE INVARIANCE, POWER LAWS, AND SCALING LAWS......Page 223 2 CRACKLING NOISE, CRITICALITY, AND SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY......Page 226 3 SCALE INVARIANCE OF EARTHQUAKE SIZES......Page 228 4 SCALE INVARIANCE IN THE TIMING OF EARTHQUAKES......Page 232 5 RELATION WITH FRACTURES: UNIVERSALITY......Page 237 APPENDIX......Page 239 References......Page 240 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 243 2 FROM THE ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS TO THE EARTHQUAKES......Page 244 3.2 Damage Detection by AE Monitoring......Page 246 3.3 Correlation of AEs on the Tower with the Regional Seismicity......Page 248 3.4 The b-Value Analysis......Page 254 4.1 Description of the Cathedral......Page 257 4.2 Damage Detection by AE monitoring......Page 258 4.3 Correlation of AEs on the Cathedral with the Regional Seismicity......Page 262 5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 266 References......Page 267 Includes contributions in the areas of seismicity and acoustic emission. This book outlines the potential of Acoustic Emission technique in terms of practical applications (non-destructive testing and failure evaluation) and theoretical developments (critical phenomena in complex systems). It is suitable for civil and geotechnical engineers.