Acidification Research in the Netherlands: Final Report of the Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification (Studies in Environmental Science, Vol 46)

This book contains the results and conclusions of extensive research on the causes and effects of acidification of forests/forest soils and heathland in the Netherlands. In 1985 the Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification was started in order to give a more concrete form to the increasing interest of policy-makers in the effects of air pollution on ecosystems in particular. In the last three years, the research has focused on obtaining a more accurate estimate of the emission of ammonia on the deposition of SOx, NOy and NHx, and also on quantifying effects on forest and heathland ecosystems. This quantification of effects included experimental work model analyses, and derivation of critical loads and levels for forest and heathland ecosystems. Furthermore, scenario analyses were made with the Dutch Acidification Systems Model (DAS) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of policy measures. The research itself, which formed the basis for this book, has been described in the reports on individual projects. A summary of the scientific results and conclusions is given in thematic reports (added as annex). An independent Review Team has provided a critical assessment of the research carried out since 1988. The Review Report has been incorporated as annex. Content: Edited by Page iii Copyright page Page iv Acknowledgements Pages 1-2 Summary Pages 3-24 1. Introduction Original Research Article Pages 25-36 G.J. Heij 2. Ammonia Emissions and Abatement Original Research Article Pages 37-50 G.J. Heij, J.W. Erisman, J.H. Voorburg 3. Concentration and Deposition of Acidifying Compounds Original Research Article Pages 51-96 J.W. Erisman, G.J. Heij 4. Effects of Air Pollution and Acid Deposition on Forests and Forest Soils Original Research Article Pages 97-137 G.J. Heij, W. de Vries, A.C. Posthumus, G.M.J. Mohren 5. Effects on Heathland Original Research Article Pages 139-145 H. van Dobben 6. Scenario Analyses using the Dutch Acidification Systems Model Original Research Article Pages 147-204 T.N. Olsthoorn 7. Critical Loads and Critical Levels for the Environmental Effects of Air Pollutants Original Research Article Pages 205-214 W. de Vries, G.J. Heij Emissions of NH 3 Original Research Article Pages 217,219-238 J.H. Voorburg, G.J. Monteny Atmospheric Input Fluxes Original Research Article Pages 239,241-288 R.M. van Aalst, J.W. Erisman Soil Acidification/N Cycling Original Research Article Pages 289,291-352 N. van Breemen, J.M. Verstraten Biological and Physiological Effects Original Research Article Pages 353,355-385 A.C. Posthumus, A.E. Jansen Integrated Effects (Forests) Original Research Article Pages 387,389-464 G.M.J. Mohren Integrated Effects (Low Vegetation) Original Research Article Pages 465,467-523 H.F. van Dobben Integrated Modelling Original Research Article Pages 525,527-567 T.N. Olsthoorn Assessment of Critical Loads and the Impact of Deposition Scenarios by Steady State and Dynamic Soil Acidification Models Original Research Article Pages 569,571-624 W. de Vries, J. Kros Annex 2 Review Report Pages 625,627-661 Annex 3 Projects and Publications First and Second Phase Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification Pages 663,665-771 This book contains the results and conclusions of extensive research on the causes and effects of acidification of forests/forest soils and heathland in the Netherlands. In 1985 the Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification was started in order to give a more concrete form to the increasing interest of policy-makers in the effects of air pollution on ecosystems in particular. In the last three years, the research has focused on obtaining a more accurate estimate of the emission of ammonia on the deposition of SOx, NOy and NHx, and also on quantifying effects on forest and heathland ecosystems. This quantification of effects included experimental work model analyses, and derivation of critical loads and levels for forest and heathland ecosystems. Furthermore, scenario analyses were made with the Dutch Acidification Systems Model (DAS) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of policy measures. The research itself, which formed the basis for this book, has been described in the reports on individual projects. A summary of the scientific results and conclusions is given in thematic reports (added as annex). An independent Review Team has provided a critical assessment of the research carried out since 1988. The Review Report has been incorporated as annex