Acid-Base Balance and Nitrogen Excretion in Invertebrates : Mechanisms and Strategies in Various Invertebrate Groups with Considerations of Challenges Caused by Ocean Acidification

This textbook provides a comprehensive overview on the diverse strategies invertebrate animals have developed for nitrogen excretion and maintenance of acid-base balance and summarizes the most recent findings in the field, obtained by state-of-the-art methodology. A broad range of terrestrial, freshwater and marine invertebrate groups are covered, including crustaceans, cephalopods, insects and worms. In addition the impact of current and future changes in ocean acidification on marine invertebrates due to anthropogenic CO2 release will be analyzed. The book addresses graduate students and young researchers interested in general animal physiology, comparative physiology and marine/aquatic animal physiology. Also it is an essential source for researchers dealing with the effects of increasing pCO2 levels on aquatic animals, of which the vast majority are indeed invertebrates. All chapters are peer-reviewed. Front Matter....Pages i-x Nitrogen Excretion in Aquatic Crustaceans....Pages 1-24 Nitrogenous Waste Metabolism Within Terrestrial Crustacea, with Special Reference to Purine Deposits and Their Metabolism....Pages 25-59 Gill Ion Transport ATPases and Ammonia Excretion in Aquatic Crustaceans....Pages 61-107 Nitrogen Excretion and Metabolism in Insects....Pages 109-126 Nitrogen Excretion in Nematodes, Platyhelminthes, and Annelids....Pages 127-150 Acid–Base Regulation in Aquatic Decapod Crustaceans....Pages 151-191 Cell Biology of Reef-Building Corals: Ion Transport, Acid/Base Regulation, and Energy Metabolism....Pages 193-218 Acid–Base Regulation in Insect Haemolymph....Pages 219-238 Acid–Base Loops in Insect Larvae with Extremely Alkaline Midgut Regions....Pages 239-260 pH Regulation and Excretion in Echinoderms....Pages 261-273 Acid–Base Regulation and Ammonia Excretion in Cephalopods: An Ontogenetic Overview....Pages 275-298 Back Matter....Pages 299-306