Access Nets: Third International Conference on Access Networks, AccessNets 2008, Las Vegas, NV, USA, October 15-17, 2008. Revised Papers (Lecture Notes ... and Telecommunications Engineering)

The annual International Conference on Access Networks (AccessNets) aims to provide a forum that brings together researchers and scientists from academia as well as man- ers and engineers from industry to meet and exchange ideas and recent work on all aspects of access networks. AccessNets 2008 was the third edition of this event, which was successfully held in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, during October 15–17, 2008. The conference consisted of two keynote addresses, five invited talks, seven technical sessions, and two panel sessions. Leonid Kazovsky from Stanford University and Kevin Schneider, Chief Technology Officer of ADTRAN, delivered their exciting keynote - dresses on “Future Evolution of Broadband Access,” and “Carrier Ethernet and the Evo- ing Access Networks,” respectively. Maurice Gagnaire, Martin Reisslein, Martin Maier, Paolo Giacomazzi, and John M. Cioffi gave interesting invited talks on different research topics on access networks. The technical papers presented original and fundamental - search advances in the area of access networks, while the panels focused on the interesting topics of “Fiber Assisted Wireless for Broadband Access Networks and Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) Successes. ” These conference proceedings include all the technical papers that were presented at AccessNets 2008. We hope that it will become a useful reference for researchers and practitioners working in the area of access networks. Cover......Page 1 ISBN-10 3-642-04647-9......Page 4 Preface......Page 5 Organization......Page 6 Table of Contents......Page 9 Introduction......Page 12 WiMAX Basics......Page 13 Global HOWRAN Architecture......Page 16 Head-End Node Hardware Architecture......Page 18 HONU Hardware Architecture......Page 19 HOWRAN Control Plane......Page 20 Wimax Cell Planning with HOWRAN......Page 21 Conclusion......Page 25 Introduction......Page 27 RoF vs. R&F Networks......Page 29 Enabling Technologies......Page 32 State of the Art......Page 36 SuperMAN......Page 39 RPR/WiMAX Interface......Page 41 WDM EPON/Next-Generation WiFi Interface......Page 42 Conclusions......Page 43 Introduction......Page 47 Related Work......Page 48 Comparison of IPACT-Limited and Offline Excess Bandwidth Distribution......Page 49 Simulation Set-Up......Page 50 Impact of Offline, Hybrid, and Online Scheduling......Page 51 Impact of Round Trip Time $RTT$ and Maximum Grant Size $G_{max}$......Page 52 Simulation Results......Page 54 Conclusion......Page 55 Introduction......Page 57 Technology Requirements......Page 58 Technology Resources......Page 59 Decision Variables......Page 60 Additional Constraints......Page 61 The Optimization Algorithm......Page 62 Wireless Coverage......Page 63 Connection to the Backbone Network......Page 64 The Optimization Scenario......Page 66 Optimization Results......Page 68 Assessment through Simulated Annealing Optimization......Page 70 References......Page 72 Introduction......Page 73 DSM Level 1: Dynamics and Politeness......Page 74 The DSL Environment and Stability......Page 75 Tiered Rate Adaptation (TRA)......Page 77 Spectrum Balancing Concept......Page 78 Zap Your Neighbor First: Virtual Noise Power Increases......Page 79 Noise Cancellation Basics......Page 84 Reducing Power by Cancelling Noise......Page 85 CuPONs......Page 86 Conclusion......Page 87 Introduction......Page 89 System Model for QS-CDMA with BPSK......Page 90 Comparison between Orthogonal and Quasi-orthogonal Codes......Page 93 BER Analysis in Presence of Noise......Page 94 Simulation Results......Page 96 Conclusion......Page 98 References......Page 99 Introduction......Page 100 Municipal WiFi Networks......Page 101 Session Mobility......Page 102 General Description......Page 103 Network Topology......Page 104 panOULU Subscription......Page 105 Mobile APs......Page 106 General Network Usage Statistics......Page 107 Session Mobility......Page 108 Roaming Performance......Page 110 Discussion......Page 111 References......Page 112 Introduction......Page 113 Network Topology Acquisition Phase......Page 114 Actual Handover Phase......Page 115 Handover Initiation......Page 117 TBS Selection and Insinuation......Page 118 HO Indication and DL Retransmissions......Page 120 UL Retransmissions and Registration......Page 121 Simulation Scenario......Page 122 NTAP HO Latency Analysis......Page 124 AHOP HO Latency Analysis and CDT Analysis......Page 126 Conclusion......Page 127 Introduction......Page 129 Constrained Queueing Systems......Page 132 Scheduling in IQ Crossbar Switches......Page 134 Transformation of IQ Switch Scheduling to WMN Scheduling......Page 137 Routing in a WMN......Page 140 The Single-Channel WMN......Page 142 A Communication Tree in a 16 Node WMN......Page 143 Experimental Results......Page 144 Scalability......Page 145 References......Page 146 Introduction......Page 149 Simulation Setup......Page 151 Results......Page 152 Conclusions......Page 155 Introduction......Page 157 Pragmatism and Simplicity as the Main Design Principles......Page 158 End-to-End QoS Solution......Page 159 Realising QoS in the Access Network......Page 161 Realising QoS in the First Mile......Page 163 Validation......Page 164 Conclusion......Page 171 Introduction......Page 173 Measurement of Periodically Switching Channel......Page 175 Modeling of Periodically Switching Channel......Page 178 Channel Simulator......Page 180 Effect of Incorrect Channel Estimation......Page 185 Conclusion......Page 186 Introduction......Page 187 Building Broadband Access over Low-Voltage Grid......Page 188 Optimization Paradigms......Page 190 Problem Description......Page 191 Network Costs......Page 192 Downlink and Uplink Delay in B-PLC Access Networks......Page 193 Parameters Setting......Page 196 Pareto-Based Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Solving the GBSP......Page 197 Comparison of Single- and Multi-objective Optimization......Page 199 Conclusions......Page 201 References......Page 202 Introduction......Page 203 Design of B-PLC Sites......Page 205 Comparison with Wireless Networks......Page 206 Problem Definition......Page 207 Traffic Demand in B-PLC Sites......Page 208 Modelling of Interferences in B-PLC Sites......Page 209 Optimization Approaches and Used Metaheuristics......Page 210 Problem Instances and System Characteristics......Page 212 Parameters Setting......Page 213 Evaluation of Pareto-Based MOEAs......Page 215 Conclusions......Page 217 References......Page 218 Introduction......Page 219 Hybrid Fiber-VDSL Access Networks......Page 220 Objective Function and Constraints......Page 221 Strategy......Page 222 Binary Modeling......Page 223 Introduction......Page 224 Enhanced DBPSO......Page 225 Optimization Environment......Page 226 Results and Comparison......Page 227 Conclusion......Page 232 Introduction......Page 235 The Spectrum Balancing Problem......Page 236 Related Work......Page 237 Multi-User Greedy Bit Loading......Page 238 Near-Optimal Multi-user Greedy Bit-Loading......Page 240 A New Cost Function......Page 241 Algorithm Complexity......Page 242 Simulation Results......Page 243 8-User Central Office Scenario......Page 244 8-User Mixed Deployment Scenario......Page 245 Discussion of Results......Page 247 Conclusion......Page 249 Network Architecture......Page 251 User Application Profiles......Page 253 Network Configurations......Page 255 Static Configuration......Page 256 Sensitivity Analysis......Page 257 Dynamic Network Configuration......Page 258 Inter-PON Bandwidth Re-allocation......Page 259 Conclusions......Page 260 References......Page 261 Introduction......Page 262 FPGA Based GPON Emulator......Page 263 Common Method to Achieve Better Performance and Higher Throughput......Page 264 Common Techniques of Parallelism and Pipelining as used in the GPON Emulator......Page 265 Issues Facing Current GPON SAR Implementations......Page 266 Novel GPON SAR......Page 267 Efficiency Advantages Verified by OPNET Simulation Results......Page 268 Conclusions......Page 273 Introduction......Page 275 TCP and Asymmetry Issues......Page 276 Goal and Structure of the Paper......Page 277 Packet Transmission Times......Page 278 Special Case: Small Packets......Page 281 ACK Compression......Page 282 Download-Only Case: Fixed Bandwidth Allocation......Page 283 Impact of DBA......Page 286 Simultaneous Downloading and Uploading......Page 287 Conclusions and Perspectives......Page 289 Introduction......Page 291 Problem Analysis......Page 292 The Fast IPTV Channel Switching Processing Procedure......Page 294 Generating and Maintaining Channel List......Page 295 Message Sequences for Two Channel Switching Cases......Page 296 Test Bed......Page 297 References......Page 298 Introduction......Page 300 Control Message......Page 301 WDM IPACT......Page 302 Simulations......Page 304 Differentiated Services WDM IPACT-ST......Page 306 Conclusions......Page 307 References......Page 308 Introduction......Page 309 VoIP Traffic Model in WiMAX......Page 310 Bundling of Voice Frame (Packet)......Page 311 Scheduling Algorithm......Page 313 Simulation Statistics......Page 314 Performance of Frame Bundling for VoIP in WiMAX......Page 315 Performance of Aggressive AMC for VoIP in WiMAX......Page 318 References......Page 321 Introduction......Page 323 System Model......Page 324 Bit Allocation Algorithms for Single User......Page 326 Adaptive Sub-carrier and Bit Allocation Algorithms for Multi-users......Page 327 Simulation Results......Page 329 References......Page 332 Introduction......Page 334 QoS and Wireless Scheduling......Page 335 Wireless Schedulers for IEEE 802.11e WLAN......Page 336 Initialization of PIMD......Page 337 The PIMD Algorithm......Page 338 Experimental Result......Page 339 Test Scenario 1: Only VBR Traffic......Page 340 Test Scenario 2: Simultaneous Audio, VBR, and CBR Traffic......Page 341 References......Page 342 User Classification......Page 344 Recommended Access Methods......Page 346 References......Page 351 Introduction......Page 352 System Model......Page 353 Overlapped Interference Sequences Identification......Page 355 Hits Quantification due to Overlap......Page 356 MAI Limited BER Analysis......Page 358 Numerical Results and Discussion......Page 361 Conclusion......Page 363 References......Page 364 Introduction......Page 365 UMTS, WLAN and WiMAX Signals......Page 366 Experimental Setup and Results......Page 368 References......Page 375 Introduction......Page 376 Standardized Upstream Power Back-Off for VDSL Systems......Page 378 Parameter Estimation for CUPBO......Page 379 Optimization Algorithm......Page 381 Implementation Details......Page 382 Performance Evaluation for the Two-User Case......Page 384 Conclusions......Page 389 Introduction......Page 392 Experiment Configuration......Page 393 Testbed and Experiment Procedure......Page 394 Noise Modeling and Generation......Page 395 Configuration Parameters......Page 396 Experiment Results Analysis......Page 397 Metric Correlation......Page 399 Modeling Methodology......Page 400 Estimating Packet Loss......Page 401 Estimating Video Quality......Page 403 Related Work......Page 405 Conclusions......Page 406 References......Page 407 Introduction......Page 408 Background and Related Work......Page 409 Design Issues......Page 410 Architectures......Page 411 Resource Management and QoS Support......Page 412 Function Overview......Page 413 Problem Statement......Page 415 Scheduling Algorithm......Page 416 Simulation Results......Page 418 References......Page 419 Introduction......Page 421 The Notation......Page 424 Cost Functions......Page 427 Preprocessing......Page 428 Numerical Results......Page 429 An Illustrative Example......Page 430 Performance Evaluation......Page 432 Conclusions and Further Works......Page 434 Introduction......Page 438 Theoretical Background......Page 439 Difficulties......Page 442 Dispersion......Page 443 Spatial Resolution......Page 444 Proposed Approach......Page 446 Processing......Page 447 Non-parametric Estimation......Page 449 Conclusions......Page 450 References......Page 451 Introduction......Page 452 Decoder Scheme......Page 454 Codec Scheme over AWG-Based......Page 455 MAI Cancellation......Page 457 Signal Power Evaluation......Page 458 PIIN Power Evaluation......Page 459 Signal to PIIN Ratio Evaluation......Page 461 Simulations and Discussions......Page 463 Conclusions......Page 465 References......Page 466 Introduction......Page 468 Related Work......Page 469 Considerations for Radio......Page 470 Sampling Design......Page 471 Case Study: Portland, Oregon......Page 473 Test Device and Procedure......Page 474 Results......Page 476 Conclusion......Page 479 Author Index......Page 481