Access Controlled: The Shaping of Power, Rights, and Rule in Cyberspace (Information Revolution and Global Politics)

Reports on a new generation of Internet controls that establish a new normative terrain in which surveillance and censorship are routine.Internet filtering, censorship of Web content, and online surveillance are increasing in scale, scope, and sophistication around the world, in democratic countries as well as in authoritarian states. The first generation of Internet controls consisted largely of building firewalls at key Internet gateways; China's famous “Great Firewall of China” is one of the first national Internet filtering systems. Today the new tools for Internet controls that are emerging go beyond mere denial of information. These new techniques, which aim to normalize (or even legalize) Internet control, include targeted viruses and the strategically timed deployment of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, surveillance at key points of the Internet's infrastructure, take-down notices, stringent terms of usage policies, and national information shaping strategies. Access Controlled reports on this new normative terrain. The book, a project from the OpenNet Initiative (ONI), a collaboration of the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto's Munk Centre for International Studies, Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society, and the SecDev Group, offers six substantial chapters that analyze Internet control in both Western and Eastern Europe and a section of shorter regional reports and country profiles drawn from material gathered by the ONI around the world through a combination of technical interrogation and field research methods. Internet Censorship And Surveillance Are Increasing In Democratic Countries As Well As In Authoritarian States. The First-generation Controls, Typified By China's Great Firewall, Are Being Replaced By More Sophisticated Techniques That Go Beyond Mere Denial Of Information And Aim To Normalize (or Even Legalize) A Climate Of Control. These Next-generation Techniques Include Strategically Timed Distributed Denial-of-service (ddos) Attacks, Targeted Malware, Surveillance At Key Points Of The Internet's Infrastructure, Take-down Notices, And Stringent Terms-of-usage Policies. Their Aim Is To Shape And Limit The National Information Environment. Access Controlled Reports On These New Trends In Information Control And Their Implications For The Global Internet Commons. Access Controlled Is A Publication Of The Opennet Initiative (oni), A Collaboration Of The Citizen Lab At The University Of Toronto's Munk Centre For International Studies, Harvard's Berlman Center For Internet & Society, And The Secdev Group (ottawa), And Is An Extension Of Oni's Earlier Volume, Access Denied. Six Substantial Chapters Analyzing Internet Controls Worldwide Are Supplemented By A Section Of Shorter Regional Reports And Country Profiles Drawn From Material Gathered By The Oni Through A Combination Of Technical Interrogations And Field Research Methods. Support For Access Controlled Was Provided By The Office Of The Osce Representative On Freedom Of The Media. Beyond Denial : Introducing Next-generation Information Access Controls / Ronald Deibert And Rafal Rohozinski -- Control And Subversion In Russian Cyberspace / Ronald Deibert And Rafal Rohozinski -- The Eu Data Retention Directive In An Era Of Internet Surveillance / Hal Roberts And John Palfrey -- Barriers To Cooperation : An Analysis Of The Origins Of International Efforts To Protect Children Online / Nart Villeneuve -- Intermediary Censorship / Ethan Zuckerman -- Protecting Privacy And Expression Online : Can The Global Network Initiative Embrace The Character Of The Net? / Colin M. Maclay -- Introduction To The Country Profiles -- Commonwealth Of Independent States : Cis Overview ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Belarus ; Georgia ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; Moldova ; Russia ; Tajikistan ; Turkmenistan ; Ukraine ; Uzbekistan -- Europe : Europe Overview ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Nordic Countries ; Turkey ; United Kingdom -- North America : United States And Canada Overview -- Australia And New Zealand : Australia And New Zealand Overview -- Asia : Asia Overview ; Burma ; China ; Pakistan ; South Korea -- Middle East And North Africa : Mena Overview ; Egypt ; Iran ; Saudi Arabia ; Syria ; Tunisia ; United Arab Emirates. Ronald Deibert, John Palfrey, Rafal Rohozinski, And Jonathan Zittrain, Editors. Report From The Opennet Initiative. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.