Academic Phrasebank 2018 Enhanced Edition

The Academic Phrasebank is a general resource for academic writers. It aims to provide you with examples of some of the phraseological ‘nuts and bolts’ of writing organised according to the main sections of a research paper or dissertation (see the top menu ). Other phrases are listed under the more general communicative functions of academic writing (see the menu on the left). The resource should be particularly useful for writers who need to report their research work.The phrases, and the headings under which they are listed, can be used simply to assist you in thinking about the content and organisation of your own writing, or the phrases can be incorporated into your writing where this is appropriate. In most cases, a certain amount of creativity and adaptation will be necessary when a phrase is used.The items in the Academic Phrasebank are mostly content neutral and generic in nature; in using them, therefore, you are not stealing other people’s ideas and this does not constitute plagiarism. For some of the entries, specific content words have been included for illustrative purposes, and these should be substituted when the phrases are used.The resource was designed primarily for academic and scientific writers who are non-native speakers of English. However, native speaker writers may still find much of the material helpful. In fact, recent data suggest that the majority of users are native speakers of English. Preface Contents About Academic Phrasebank Major Sections Introducing Work Reviewing the Literature Describing Methods Reporting Results Discussing Findings Writing Conclusions General Functions Being Cautious Being Critical Classifying and Listing Comparing and Contrasting Defining Terms Describing Trends Describing Quantities Explaining Causality Giving Examples as Support Signalling Transition Indicating Shared Knowledge Writing about the Past Writing Abstracts Writing Acknowledgements Notes on Academic Writing Academic Style Style in Academic Presentations Commonly Confused Words British and US Spelling Punctuation Article Use Sentence Structure Words Used to Connect Ideas Paragraph Structure The Writing Process