A System of Indian Logic: The Nyaya Theory of Inference: Analysis, Text, Translation and Interpretation of the anumana section of Karikavali, Muktavali and Dinakari

Nyana is the most rational and logical of all the classical Indian philosophical systems. In the study of Nyana philosophy, Karikavali with its commentary Muktavali, both by Visvanatha Nyayapancanana, with the commentaries Dinakari and Ramarudri, have been of decisive significance for the last few centuries as advanced introductions to this subject. The present work concentrates on inference (anumana) in Karikavali, Muktavali and Dinakari, carefully divided into significant units according to the subject, and translates and interprets them. Its commentary makes use of the primary interpretation in Sanskrit contained especially in the Ramarudri and Subodhini. The book begins with the Sanskrit texts of Karikavali and Muktavali; followed by English translation of these texts. Next is given the Sanskrit text of Dinakari which comments on the first two texts, followed by its English translation. Lastly, the book contains a commentary on all the texts included. Analysis Of Anumānakhaṇḍa -- Anumānakhaṇḍa : Text, Translation And Interpretation. Process Of Inferential Knowledge ; Knowledge Of The Reason Is Not The Instrumental Cause ; Definition And Form Of Consideration ; Provisional Definition Of Invariable Concomitance ; Final Definition Of Invariabl E Concomitance ; Subjectness ; Definition Of Fallaciousness And Division Of Fallacies ; Fallacy Of Deviant Reason And Its Divisions ; Fallacy Of Opposite Reason ; Fallacy Of Counterthesis ; View Of Ratnakośakāra And Its Refutation ; Fallacy Of Unestablishedness Of Reason ; Fallacy Of Contradiction ; Fallacy Of Deviant Reasons (according To Old Naiyāyikas) ; Fallacy Of Opposite Reason (according To Old Naiyāyikas) ; Fallacy Of Unestablishedness Of Reason (according To Old Naiyāyikas) ; Fallacy Of Counterthesis (according To Old Naiyāyikas) ; Fallacy Of Contradiction (according To Old Naiyāyikas). John Vattanky. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [485]-486) And Index. It is well known that the Nyaya system admits four means of valid knowledge: Perception, Inference, Comparison and Word.