A Superpower Transformed : The Remaking of American Foreign Relations in the 1970s

A Superpower Transformed explores the predicament of American foreign policy in the 1970s. This was a phase when the dilemmas of an emerging post-Cold War era buffeted the United States even as the makers of American foreign policy struggled for stability in an enduring Cold War. Clashing imperatives made the 1970s a difficult phase. Amidst conflicting pressures, leaders struggled to devise strategic frameworks to guide the exercise of American power in the world. 1970s-era choices nonetheless proved consequential. The Nixon administration's efforts to stabilize a faltering Pax Americana faltered, but Nixon's choices ultimately helped the champions of human rights to wrest control of American foreign policy away from the practitioners of amoral realpolitik. So too did Nixon's efforts to reverse the decline of American economic power help to open the doors to financial globalization, which accelerated quickly in the years following the 1971-73 collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system. Choices proved consequential, but American decision makers remained the captives of unmasterable circumstances, as the oil crisis of 1973-74 made clear. Coinciding with Watergate, the oil crisis plunged the world economy into disarray. It also pushed American decision makers to begin to devise new strategies to manage-or mitigate-the consequences of economic globalization. Henry Kissinger, who led this effort, was less successful in his attempts to terms with a human rights movement that flourished in the mid-1970s. Not until the inauguration of the Carter administration would American decision makers embrace human rights promotion as a central task for foreign policy. Carter's efforts to devise a post-Cold War foreign policy nonetheless faltered, confounded in the last years of 1970s by the resurgence of Soviet-American hostilities. While the Cold War resurged, the new forces of globalization and human rights that mobilized in the 1970s left the United States a superpower transformed. During The 1970s, American Foreign Policy Faced A Predicament Of Clashing Imperatives--u.s. Decision Makers, Already Struggling To Maintain Stability And Devise Strategic Frameworks To Guide The Exercise Of American Power During The Cold War, Found Themselves Hampered By The Emergence Of Dilemmas That Would Come To A Head In The Post-cold War Era. Their Choices Proved To Be Of Enormous Consequence For The Development Of American Foreign Policy In The Final Decades Of The Twentieth Century And Beyond. In A Superpower Transformed, Historian Daniel J. Sargent Chronicles How Policymakers Across Three Administrations Worked To Manage Complex International Changes In A Tumultuous Era. Drawing On Many Newly-released Archival Documents And Interviews With Key Figures, Including President Jimmy Carter And Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Sargent Explores The Collision Of Geopolitics And Globalization That Pervaded The Decade. From The Nixon Administration's Efforts To Stabilize A Faltering Pax Americana; To Henry Kissinger's Attempts To Devise New Strategies To Manage Or Mitigate The Consequences Of Economic Globalization After The Oil Crisis Of 1973-74; To The Carter Administration's Embrace Of Human Rights Promotion As A Central Task For Foreign Policy, Sargent Explores The Challenges That Afflicted Us Policymakers In The 1970s, Offering New Insights Into The Complexities That Emerged As The New Forces Of Globalization And Human Rights Transformed The United States As A Superpower. A Sweeping Reinterpretation Of A Pivotal Era, A Superpower Transformed Is A Must-read For Anyone Interested In U.s. Foreign Relations, American Politics, Globalization, Economic Policy, Human Rights, And Contemporary American History-- Pax Americana -- Part I. Reaching Backward -- In Pursuit Of Primacy -- Geopolitics And Humanitarianism -- The Dollar And Decline -- Oil Shocked -- Part Ii. Stumbling Forward -- Managing Interdependence -- Human Rights And Détente -- World Order Politics -- The Revenge Of Geopolitics. Daniel J. Sargent. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 376-407) And Index. "During the 1970s, American foreign policy faced a predicament of clashing imperatives--U.S. decision makers, already struggling to maintain stability and devise strategic frameworks to guide the exercise of American power during the Cold War, found themselves hampered by the emergence of dilemmas that would come to a head in the post-Cold War era. Their choices proved to be of enormous consequence for the development of American foreign policy in the final decades of the twentieth century and beyond. In A Superpower Transformed, historian Daniel J. Sargent chronicles how policymakers across three administrations worked to manage complex international changes in a tumultuous era. Drawing on many newly-released archival documents and interviews with key figures, including President Jimmy Carter and Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Sargent explores the collision of geopolitics and globalization that pervaded the decade. From the Nixon administration's efforts to stabilize a faltering Pax Americana; to Henry Kissinger's attempts to devise new strategies to manage or mitigate the consequences of economic globalization after the oil crisis of 1973-74; to the Carter administration's embrace of human rights promotion as a central task for foreign policy, Sargent explores the challenges that afflicted US policymakers in the 1970s, offering new insights into the complexities that emerged as the new forces of globalization and human rights transformed the United States as a superpower. A sweeping reinterpretation of a pivotal era, A Superpower Transformed is a must-read for anyone interested in U.S. foreign relations, American politics, globalization, economic policy, human rights, and contemporary American history"-- Provided by publisher During the 1970s, American foreign policy faced a predicament of clashing imperatives-US decision makers, already struggling to maintain stability and devise strategic frameworks to guide the exercise of American power during the Cold War, found themselves hampered by the emergence of dilemmas that would come to a head in the post-Cold War era. Their choices proved to be of enormous consequence for the development of American foreign policy in the final decades of the twentieth century and beyond. In A Superpower Transformed , Daniel J. Sargent chronicles how policymakers across three administrations worked to manage complex international changes in a tumultuous era. Drawing on many newly-released archival documents and interviews with key figures, including President Jimmy Carter and Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Sargent explores the collision of geopolitics and globalization that defined the decade. From the Nixon administration's efforts to stabilize a faltering Pax Americana; to Henry Kissinger's attempts to devise new strategies to manage or mitigate the consequences of economic globalization after the oil crisis of 1973-74; to the Carter administration's embrace of human rights promotion as a central task for foreign policy, Sargent explores the challenges that afflicted US policymakers in the 1970s, offering new insights into the complexities that emerged as the new forces of globalization and human rights transformed the United States as a superpower. A sweeping reinterpretation of a pivotal era, A Superpower Transformed is a must-read for anyone interested in U.S. foreign relations, American politics, globalization, economic policy, human rights, and contemporary American history. Cover A Superpower Transformed Copyright Dedication Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations Note on Sources and Prices Introduction 1 Pax Americana Part I Reaching Backward 2 In Pursuit of Primacy 3 Geopolitics and Humanitarianism 4 The Dollar and Decline 5 Oil Shocked Part II Stumbling Forward 6 Managing Interdependence 7 Human Rights and Détente 8 World Order Politics 9 The Revenge of Geopolitics Conclusion Notes Sources Index