A study of using E10 and E85 under direct dual fuel stratification (DDFS) strategy: Exploring the effects of the reactivity-stratification and diffusion-limited injection on emissions and performance in an E10/diesel DDFS engine

A study of using E10 and E85 under direct dual fuel stratification (DDFS) strategy: Exploring the effects of the reactivity-stratification and diffusion-limited injection on emissions and performance in an E10/diesel DDFS engine Introduction Computational approach Computational model Mesh study Model validation Results and discussion Substitution of gasoline with E10 and E85 Diesel energy fraction and SOI2 sweeps for E10/diesel DDFS Energy fraction and SOI sweeps for near-TDC injection Effects of diesel and E10 spray angles Effects of injection pressure of SOI3 Conclusions CRediT authorship contribution statement Declaration of Competing Interest mk:H1_15 References