A Study of Macao Tertiary Students’ Attitudes Towards Language After the Handover (SpringerBriefs in Education)

This book focuses on the attitudes of Macao tertiary students toward language after the handover. It shares the findings of a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews, which were conducted among freshmen of the University of Macao to investigate their attitudes toward Cantonese, Putonghua, English, and Portuguese, as well as their attitudes toward Macao's language planning and language policy. Utilizing a multidimensional and multilayered perspective in the study, this book also demonstrates the orientations of Macao tertiary students and the correlation between their social categories (gender and social class) and their attitudes toward language. Acknowledgements Contents Abbreviations List of Tables 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Macao: A Brief Introduction 1.3 Decolonization, Renationalization, and Globalization in Macao 1.4 Theoretical Contributions of This Monograph 1.5 Outline of This Monograph References 2 Literature Review 2.1 Language Attitudes Research Approaches 2.1.1 The Direct Approach 2.1.2 The Indirect Approach 2.1.3 The Analysis of Societal Treatment of Language Varieties 2.1.4 Discourse-Based Approaches 2.2 Language and Identity References 3 The Language Situation in Macao 3.1 Macao’s Language Situation Before and After the Handover 3.1.1 Government 3.1.2 Education 3.1.3 Commerce and Trade 3.1.4 The Media 3.1.5 Summary 3.2 LPLP in the Macao SAR 3.2.1 LPLP in the PRC 3.2.2 Macao LPLP from the PRC 3.2.3 LPLP Within the Macao SAR 3.2.4 Summary 3.3 Language Attitudes Studies in Macao References 4 Research Design 4.1 Research Questions 4.2 Subjects and Instruments 4.3 The Questionnaire Survey and Semi-structured Interviews 4.4 Identification of Macao Local Students 4.5 Identification of Macao Local Students’ Social Class References 5 Questionnaire Survey Results 5.1 Profile of the Participants in the Survey 5.2 Macao Tertiary Students’ Attitudes Towards Four Languages 5.2.1 Students’ Integrative Orientation Towards the Four Languages 5.2.2 Students’ Instrumental Orientation Towards the Four Languages 5.3 Macao Tertiary Students’ Attitudes Towards LPLP in Macao 5.4 The Correlations Between Social Factors and Language Attitudes 5.4.1 Sex 5.4.2 Social Class 5.5 Summary 6 Interview Results 6.1 Profile of the Participants in the Interviews 6.2 Macao Tertiary Students’ Attitudes Towards Four Languages 6.2.1 Students’ Positive Attitudes Towards Cantonese 6.2.2 Students’ Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Putonghua 6.2.3 Students’ Positive Attitudes Towards English 6.2.4 Students’ Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Portuguese 6.3 Macao Tertiary Students’ Attitudes Towards LPLP in Macao 6.3.1 Students’ Strong Local Allegiances 6.3.2 Students’ Practical Attitudes Towards Language Issues 6.4 Social Factors and Language Attitudes 6.4.1 Sex and Language Attitudes 6.4.2 Social Class and Language Attitudes 6.5 Summary References 7 Discussion 7.1 Discussion of Students’ Attitudes Towards Four Languages 7.1.1 Cantonese 7.1.2 English 7.1.3 Putonghua 7.1.4 Portuguese 7.2 Discussion of Students’ Attitudes Towards LPLP in Macao 7.3 Discussion of the Correlations Between Social Factors and Language Attitudes 7.3.1 Sex and Language Attitudes 7.3.2 Social Class and Language Attitudes 7.4 Summary References 8 Conclusions 8.1 Summary of the Findings 8.2 Significance of the Findings 8.3 Implications of This Study 8.4 Limitations of This Study References Appendix A Questionnaire on Macao Tertiary Students’ Language Attitudes Appendix B Interview Informed Consent Form Appendix C Interview Protocol Appendix D Linguistic Insecurity Perception Questionnaire