A race against time : the challenge of cardiovascular disease in developing economies

This report derives from a project conducted at Columbia University during 2003, which examined the economic and social consequences of cardiovascular disease in developing economies. The project followed on from the work of the commission on macroeconomics and health, chaired by professor Jeffrey Sachs. Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 3 Contents......Page 12 Forewords......Page 5 Definitions......Page 14 Abbreviations......Page 15 Introduction......Page 16 A-1. Origins and rationale of this report......Page 19 B-1. What are the global data?......Page 22 C-1. Methods and demographic profiles......Page 27 C-2. Overall CVD experience in the five study and two comparator countries......Page 33 C-3a. Mortality concentration in people of working age......Page 35 C-3b. Workforce CVD mortality projections to 2030......Page 40 C-3c. Higher morbidity in working ages......Page 43 C-3d. CVD and women’s health......Page 45 C-3e. Widowhood......Page 47 C-3f. What will happen if CVD risk factors get better or worse?......Page 48 The macroeconomic and economic consequences of CVD......Page 54 D-1. Years of potentially productive life lost......Page 55 D-2 Disability adjusted life years lost......Page 59 D-3. Disability......Page 60 D-4. Direct health care costs......Page 62 D-5. Household viability and dependency......Page 65 Intervention strategies to reduce the impact of CVD......Page 69 E-1a. Macro economic and whole-of-government interventions that affect everyone4......Page 70 E-1b. Population-based interventions......Page 72 E-1c. Provider-based prevention......Page 76 E-2a. The costs of clinic-based risk factor interventions......Page 83 E-2. Practicalities of CVD prevention......Page 81 F-1. The socio-political context: instituting change in civil societies......Page 87 F-2. CVD as a macroeconomic challen......Page 91 F-2a. Who should be at the table?......Page 92 F-2b. What should be on the agenda?......Page 93 F-2c. What resource pools do national leaders need to mobilize?......Page 94 Conclusions......Page 95 G-2. Deeper documentation of the prevalence and costs of CVD......Page 96 G-5. Undertaking trial treatment and prevention interventions......Page 97 G-6. Longer term research and interventions......Page 98 Acknowledgements......Page 99 References......Page 102 Back Cover......Page 107 A. Introduction B. The global significance of cardiovascular disease C. CVD status and projections in five developing countries D. The macroeconomic and economic consequences of CVD E. Intervention strategies to reduce the impact of CVD F. From analysis to action G. Conclusions H. Acknowledgements I. References.