A Practical Guide to Piping and Valves for the Oil and Gas Industry

__A Practical Guide to Piping and Valves for the Oil and Gas Industry__ covers how to select, test and maintain the right oil and gas valve. Each chapter focuses on a specific type of valve with a built-in structured table on valve selection. Covering both onshore and offshore projects, the book also gives an introduction to the most common types of corrosion in the oil and gas industry, including CO2, H2S, pitting, crevice, and more. A model to evaluate CO2 corrosion rate on carbon steel piping is introduced, along with discussions on bulk piping components, including fittings, gaskets, piping and flanges. Rounding out with chapters devoted to valve preservation to protect against harmful environments and factory acceptance testing, this book gives engineers and managers a much-needed tool to better understand today’s valve technology. Front-Matte_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Gas- Front Matter Copyright_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Gas-In Copyright Acknowledgmen_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Ga Acknowledgment Chapter-1---Ball-valve-applic_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo Ball-valve applications and design Ball-valve application examples Special ball-valve design Ball-valve design consideration Bore design Face-to-face dimensions Other ball-valve dimensions Body and bonnet design Top-entry design advantages Manufacturing process (forging, casting, etc.) Case studies Lack of body flange thickness Lack of space for ball inside the body Connected flange bolts clashing Solutions to connected flange bolts clashing Long-length bolting for the valve Usage of washer for super-duplex bolting Bolt design for weight saving Minimum acceptable length of bolting Body-wall-thickness calculation Body defect (case study) Body internal overlay Body marking Ball design Trunnion design effect on valve face to face (case study) Trunnion design for actuated valves Block-and-bleed effect in trunnion/floating valves Ball low roughness and lapping process Ball alignment testing Ball machining and nondestructive testing Ball design for DIB valves Lifting of the ball Seat design Seat design for DIB valves Seat types (self-relieving or double piston effect) DIB valves for double isolation purpose Effect of double piston seat on valve face to face Valve seat insert Seat design for particles Valve-installation direction affected by seat design Seat sealant injection design Stem design Stem leak prevention expensive solution Antiblowout stem Stem key Stem extension Insulation friendly Cryogenic services Case study of stem extension More information about valve insulation Lever/handwheel design Vent and drain plug or flanges Lifting lug and valve support Air-breather/overpressure plug Valve and actuator connection Ball-valve flow characteristic Ball-valve cycle test Ball-valve torque values Fire test Material selection Body material Ball material Stem material Valve watch Valve interlocks Valve drivers Easy drive Flexi drive Torque drive More pictures Chapter-2---Butterfly-valve-app_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves- Butterfly valve applications and design Valve application examples Concentric butterfly valves Eccentric butterfly valves Butterfly valve body design Butterfly valves disk design Butterfly valve stem design Butterfly valve seat design Stem sealing design Antistatic design (electrical continuity) Bracket design Coupling and top flange design Packing design High-purity graphite with low impurities Flexible graphite packing Teflon PTFE packing Reinforced graphite packing with Inconel 625 Isolation of graphite packing Conclusion Offset definitions in eccentric butterfly valves Butterfly valves standards Butterfly valve bore Face to face Fire test Installation direction Layout considerations Torque Locking devices Lifting lug Bottom cover Cv value Material traceability Material selection Body material Seat and disk materials Stem material Bearing material Interlock Position indicator Spare parts ATEX Transportation Packing and preservation Tagging and marking More pictures Chapter-3---Plug-valve-applic_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo Plug valve application and design Valve application examples Plug valve design Body design Stem and plug design Port design Valve standard Face-to-face standard Antistatic design Material selection Body material Plug material Stem material Stem bearing material Gasket between body parts More pictures Chapter-4---Through-conduit-gate-valve-a_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-an Through conduit gate valve application and design valve application examples TCG valve design Body and bonnet design Disk (wedge) design Seat design Bore (port) design Back seat design Cavity design Packing design Sealing capability Valve standard Face-to-face standard Flow direction More photographs Chapter-5---Modular-valve-appl_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-f Modular valve applications and design Modular valve applications Modular valves design Insulation-friendly design Compact design Integrated modular valve with check valve and quills Pressure and function tests Trunnion and gearbox requirements Support consideration Conclusion Chapter-6---Wedge-gate-valve-ap_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves- Wedge gate valve applications and design Valve application and selection Wedge gate valve standards Body bonnet design Face-to-face standard Bore design Wall thickness Wedge design Seat design Stem design Yoke design Back seat design Packing design Locking design Insulation-friendly design Valve operation Valve lifting, transportation, and installation Chapter-7---Globe-valve-appli_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo Globe valve applications and design Valve application and selection Globe valve operation problem: Cavitation Body/bonnet design Face-to-face standard Bore design Wall thickness Seat design Stem design Yoke design Back seat design Packing design Locking design Layout considerations Valve operation Insulation-friendly design Quality control Pressure and fugitive emission tests Inspection ATEX and fire test requirements Coating Tagging and marking Transportation Spare part requirements Maintenance More photographs Chapter-8---Piston-chec_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the- Piston check valves General applications Standards Wall thickness Layout requirement Installation problems Chapter-9---Dual-plate-ch_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-th Dual plate check valves Valve application examples Valve limitations Terminology Cracking pressure Critical velocity Body design Plates design Spring design Installation direction Weld overlay Lapping Valve design standard Two cases related to manufacturing and installation problems Dual plate check valve with stem override Additional pictures Chapter-10---Nonslam-che_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the Nonslam check valves Introduction Advantages of nonslam check valves Quick closing and easy opening disk Robust structure and zero leakage Low-pressure drop and high flow capacity Long valve life Nonslamming Shorter straight pipe run requirements Tight shutoff Different end-to-end designs (flexibility in end-to-end resign) Valve applications Valve limitations Terminology Cracking pressure Critical velocity Body design Disk and seat design Spring design Installation direction Weld overlay Lapping CV value Flow open area Body Wall thickness Valve face to face Lifting Additional photographs Chapter-11---Pipeline_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oi Pipeline valves General information Valve design and weight reduction Body design/material Welding Bonnet design Ball design Seat design Special bore diameter Cycling Valve maintenance Valve internals protection Valve support Valve coating Valve preservation Valve packing and lifting Valve experience after FAT Chapter-12---Valve-technolog_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for Valve technology and selection Valve definition Valve selection tips Valve applications Valve size Valve dimensions and weights Fluid types Required flow capacity (Cv values) Operating pressure and pressure drop Operation requirements Valve selection case studies Ball valve selection Wafer butterfly valve selection Axial control valve selection Chapter-13---Piping-and-valve_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo Piping and valve corrosion study External corrosion Internal corrosion CO2 and H2S corrosion H2S physical properties H2S sour corrosion National association of corrosion engineers (NACE) Carbon dioxide (CO2) properties and sweet corrosion Based CO2 corrosion rate prediction Temperature effect Temperature effect Final corrosion rate prediction Effect of H2S Effect of water chemistry Effect of flow Effect of gas-to-oil ratio (GOR) Final calculation of corrosion allowance for carbon steel Sour corrosion study Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) corrosion Stepwise cracking (SWC) corrosion Hydrogen-induced cracking Sour environment for carbon and low alloy steels Sour environment for carbon and high alloy steels Acid gases corrosion mitigation strategies Corrosion inhibitor Glycol/methanol injection Corrosion allowance consideration CRA selection Case study: Piping material selection Material selection and corrosion allowance calculations Stream numbers 1 and 2, separation to KO drums Stream numbers 3 and 8, KO drum outlet line to NGL plant Stream number 4, KO drum outlet lines to compressors Oil field production unit material selection The process flow diagram (PFD) Production unit material study Pipeline material study scope Pipeline operation process data Pipeline sweet corrosion study and calculation Corrosion allowance calculations Pipeline sour corrosion study Pipeline material selection Piping material study scope Piping operation process data Piping sweet corrosion study and calculation Pitting and stress cracking corrosion Crevice corrosion Chapter-14---Bulk-pipi_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-O Bulk piping items Fittings Elbow/return Tee/pipe-to-pipe/olet Reducers/swage Caps/plugs Pipe nipples Union Flanges Spade and spacer/spectacle blind Gaskets Flat gaskets Spiral wound gaskets Ring-type joint gaskets Jacket gasket Grooved metal gasket with covering layers Fasteners (bolts/nuts) Piping codes and standards ASME ASTM API NACE MSS SP ISO DNV Chapter-15---Piping-and-valve-materi_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Va Piping and valve material selection in offshore projects Introduction Carbon steel General information about stainless steel Martensitic stainless steel Austenitic stainless steel 22Cr duplex High strength and corrosion resistance Less pipe thickness and weight Larger flow area/less pressure drop Less expensive coating/less coating 22Cr duplex piping advantages compared to stainless steel 316 22Cr duplex application case studies for piping and valves Mechanical joints 22Cr duplex for small size ball valves 22Cr duplex trims instead of 13Cr Duplex stainless steel limitations/challenges 25Cr super duplex Material cost Weight Norms Rates Coating Indirect weight cost Examples of cost calculations Super austenitic 6Mo Nickel alloys Material for seawater Chapter-16---Piping-spec_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the Piping special items Piping manifolds Strainers Bending Sample and injection quills Seal pot Backflow preventer Bird screen Vacuum breaker and air release valve Steam and liquid trap Mechanical traps Thermostatic traps Thermodynamic traps Expansion joints (bellows) Flexible hose and coupling Tube connectors Special tees (barred tees) Insulation kit Flame arrestor Special flanges Special gaskets Transition piece Sweepolet Hubs and clamps Chapter-17---Valve-ac_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oi Valve actuation Actuation requirement for ease of operation Actuator types Pneumatic actuators Hydraulic actuators Electrical actuators Some technical requirements for actuators Actuator and piping layout More pictures Chapter-18---Valves-preservation-_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valve Valves preservation and packing requirements Introduction to preservation Roles and responsibilities Preservation types General preservation Internal preservation External preservation Conclusion Additional photos Packing Chapter-19---Valve-gearbox-_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for- Valve gearbox considerations Gearbox design Gearbox lifting Gear clearance Gearbox rotation Chapter-20---Factory-acce_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-th Factory acceptance test Introduction Pressure test Pressure test for gate/globe and piston check valves Pressure test for butterfly valves Pressure test for through-conduit gate valves Pressure test for ball valves Pressure test for modular valves Pressure test for gate and globe valve Pressure test for dual plate and axial flow check valves Test failure Final inspection example Index_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Gas-Indust Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z A Practical Guide to Piping and Valves for the Oil and Gas Industry covers how to select, test and maintain the right oil and gas valve. Each chapter focuses on a specific type of valve with a built-in structured table on valve selection. Covering both onshore and offshore projects, the book also gives an introduction to the most common types of corrosion in the oil and gas industry, including CO2, H2S, pitting, crevice, and more. A model to evaluate CO2 corrosion rate on carbon steel piping is introduced, along with discussions on bulk piping components, including fittings, gaskets, piping and flanges. Rounding out with chapters devoted to valve preservation to protect against harmful environments and factory acceptance testing, this book gives engineers and managers a much-needed tool to better understand today's valve technology. Presents oil and gas examples and challenges relating to valves, including many illustrations from valves in different stages of projects Helps readers understand valve materials, testing, actuation, packing and preservation, also including a new model to evaluate CO2 corrosion rates on carbon steel piping Presents structured valve selection tables in each chapter to help readers pick the right valve for the right project