A History of Western Music: Tenth International Student Edition

The definitive survey, combining current scholarship with a vibrant narrative. Carefully informed by feedback from dozens of scholars, it remains the book that students and teachers trust to explain what's important, where it fits, and why it matters. Peter Burkholder weaves a compelling story of people, their choices, and the western musical tradition that emerged. From chant to hip-hop, he connects past to present to create a context for tomorrow's musicians. A HISTORY OF WESTERN MUSIC, 10E TITLE PAGE COPYRIGHT DEDICATION CONTENTS EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD MAPS GUIDE TO NAWM SELECTIONS PREFACE TO THE TENTH EDITION PART ONE: THE ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL WORLDS 1. Music In Antiquity The Earliest Music Music in Ancient Mesopotamia Timeline Music in Ancient Greece In Performance: Competitions and Professional Musicians Source Reading: Aristotle on the Doctrine of Imitation, Ethos, and Music in Education Music in Ancient Rome The Greek Heritage 2. The Christian Church in the First Millennium The Diffusion of Christianity The Judaic Heritage Timeline Music in the Early Church Divisions in the Church and Dialects of Chant Source Readings: St. Basil on Psalms and St. Augustine on the Usefulness and Dangers of Music Source Reading: A Christian Observance in Jerusalem, ca. 400 The Development of Notation Music Theory and Practice Echoes of History 3. Roman Liturgy and Chant The Roman Liturgy Music in Context: The Experience of the Mass Characteristics of Chant Timeline Genres and Forms of Chant Additions to the Authorized Chants Source Reading: Notker Balbulus on Writing Sequences Hildegard of Bingen The Continuing Presence of Chant 4. Song and Dance Music to 1300 European Society, 800–1300 Timeline Latin and Vernacular Song Music in Context: Minstrels in Medieval French Cities Troubadour and Trouvère Song Source Reading: The Paris Minstrels’ Guild Forms at a Glance: AAB Songs in Other Lands Medieval Instruments Source Reading: Dancing as Described in the Romance of the Rose Dance Music The Lover’s Complaint 5. Polyphony through the Thirteenth Century Early Organum Aquitanian Polyphony Notre Dame Polyphony Source Reading: Anonymous IV on the Magnus liber organi Timeline Motet English Polyphony A Polyphonic Tradition 6. New Developments in the Fourteenth Century Europe in the Fourteenth Century The Ars Nova in France Source Reading: Jacobus de Ispania Rails Against the Ars Nova Innovations: Writing Rhythm Guillaume de Machaut Forms at a Glance: The Formes Fixes Timeline The Ars Subtilior Italian Trecento Music Source Reading: Music-Making in the Decameron Performing Fourteenth-Century Music In Performance: Voices or Instruments? Source Reading: Prosdocimo de’ Beldomandi on Musica ficta Echoes of the New Art PART TWO: THE RENAISSANCE 7. Music and the Renaissance Europe from 1400 to 1600 Timeline The Renaissance in Culture and Art Music in the Renaissance In Performance: A Star Singer and Improviser Source Reading: Johannes Tinctoris on the Music of His Time Source Reading: A New Harmonic Conception New Currents in the Sixteenth Century Innovations: Music Printing The Legacy of the Renaissance 8. England and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century English Music Source Reading: The Contenance Angloise Music in the Burgundian Lands Guillaume Du Fay The Polyphonic Mass Timeline Music in Context: Masses and Dragons An Enduring Musical Language 9. Franco-Flemish Composers, 1450–1520 Political Change and Consolidation Ockeghem and Busnoys Source Reading: In Memory of Ockeghem The Generation of 1480–1520 Josquin Desprez Source Readings: Praise for Josquin Timeline Masses on Borrowed Material Old and New 10. Madrigal and Secular Song in the Sixteenth Century The First Market for Music Spain Source Reading: On Reading and Performing Music Italy The Italian Madrigal Source Reading: Suiting the Music to the Words Timeline Source Reading: Women’s Vocal Ensembles France Germany England The Madrigal and Its Impact 11. Sacred Music in the Era of the Reformation The Reformation Music in the Lutheran Church Source Reading: Martin Luther on Congregational Singing Timeline Music in Calvinist Churches Source Reading: Jean Calvin on Singing Psalms Church Music in England Catholic Church Music Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Spain and the New World Source Reading: A Spaniard’s Description of Aztec Festivals Germany and Eastern Europe Jewish Music The Legacy of Sixteenth-Century Sacred Music 12. The Rise of Instrumental Music Instruments and Ensembles In Performance: Embellishing Sixteenth-Century Music Types of Instrumental Music Timeline Music in Context: Social Dance Source Reading: The Power of Instrumental Music Music in Venice Instrumental Music Gains Independence PART THREE: THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 13. New Styles in the Seventeenth Century Europe in the Seventeenth Century Timeline From Renaissance to Baroque Source Reading: The Dramatization of Poetry Source Readings: Music as the Servant of the Words General Traits of Baroque Music In Performance: Historically Informed Performance and Its Controversies Enduring Innovations 14. The Invention of Opera Timeline Forerunners of Opera The First Operas Source Reading: Peri’s Recitative Style Claudio Monteverdi Opera from Florence to Rome Public Opera in Venice Innovations: The Impresario and the Diva Opera as Drama and as Theater 15. Music for Chamber and Church in the Early Seventeenth Century Italian Vocal Chamber Music Catholic Sacred Music Timeline Lutheran Church Music Source Reading: The Effects of the Thirty Years’ War Jewish Music Instrumental Music Source Reading: Frescobaldi on Instrumental Expression Tradition and Innovation 16. France, England, Spain, the New World, and Russia in the Seventeenth Century France Music in Context: The Music of the Great Stable Source Readings: French Writers on Nature and Expression Timeline England Source Readings: The First Public Concerts Spain and the New World Russia National Styles and Traditions 17. Italy and Germany in the Late Seventeenth Century Italy Forms at a Glance: Da Capo Aria Timeline Music in Context: The Stradivarius Violin Workshop Source Reading: Georg Muffat on Converting Sonatas into Concertos Germany and Austria Seeds for the Future PART FOUR: THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 18. The Early Eighteenth Century in Italy and France Europe in a Century of Change Music in Italy Music in Context: The Voice of Farinelli Antonio Vivaldi Source Reading: Concerts at the Pio Ospedale della Pietà In Performance: Performing Vivaldi Timeline Music in France Jean-Philippe Rameau A Volatile Public 19. German Composers of the Late Baroque Contexts for Music Timeline Johann Sebastian Bach Source Reading: Music in Lutheran Church Services Source Reading: A Critique of Bach’s Style George Frideric Handel An Enduring Legacy 20. Musical Taste and Style in the Enlightenment Europe in the Enlightenment Source Readings: The Merging of National Styles Innovations: The Public Concert Musical Taste and Style Source Reading: Nature and the Arts Timeline Source Reading: A View of the Galant Style The Enduring Enlightenment 21. Opera and Vocal Music in the Early Classic Period Italian Comic Opera Timeline Opera Seria Opera in Other Languages In Performance: The Art of Vocal Embellishment Source Reading: The Merits of Italian Opera Opera Reform Source Reading: Principles of Reform Opera Song and Church Music Opera and the New Language 22. Instrumental Music: Sonata, Symphony, and Concerto Instruments and Ensembles Genres and Forms Forms at a Glance: Binary Form and Its Relatives Keyboard Music Orchestral Music Timeline The Singing Instrument 23. Classic Music in the Late Eighteenth Century Joseph Haydn Source Reading: Haydn’s Contract Source Reading: Haydn’s Recipe for Success Timeline Source Reading: The Sublime and the Beautiful Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Source Reading: Mozart’s Depiction of Character and Mood Classic Music PART FIVE: THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 24. Revolution and Change Revolution, War, and Music, 1789–1815 Timeline Ludwig van Beethoven Source Reading: Beethoven’s Playing and Improvising at the Piano Source Reading: The Heiligenstadt Testament Source Reading: The Performer as Subordinate to the Composer Beethoven’s Centrality 25. The Romantic Generation: Song and Piano Music The New Order, 1815–1848 Timeline Innovations: Musical Instruments in the Industrial Revolution Romanticism Source Reading: The Most Romantic Art Song Music for Piano Source Reading: Mendelssohn on the Meaning of Music Music in Context: Women and the Music Profession The Romantic Legacy 26. Romanticism in Classical Forms: Choral, Chamber, and Orchestral Music Choral Music Source Reading: The Value of Amateur Choirs Source Reading: Hector Berlioz on His Requiem Timeline Chamber Music Orchestral Music Source Reading: Robert Schumann on Schubert’s Symphony in C Major Romanticism and the Classical Tradition 27. Romantic Opera and Musical Theater to Midcentury The Roles of Opera Timeline Italy In Performance: The Bel Canto Diva France Germany Russia The United States Opera as High Culture 28. Opera and Musical Theater in the Later Nineteenth Century Technology, Politics, and the Arts Opera Richard Wagner Source Reading: The Artwork of the Future Music in Context: Wagner, Nationalism, and Anti-Semitism Timeline Giuseppe Verdi In Performance: An Original Verdi Baritone: Victor Maurel Later Italian Opera France Spain Bohemia Russia Source Reading: The Mighty Five Other Nations Music for the Stage and Its Audiences 29. Late Romanticism in German Musical Culture Dichotomies and Disputes Timeline In Performance: Crossing the Divide: Hans von Bülow Johannes Brahms The Wagnerians Source Readings: Absolute and Program Music Reaching the Audience 30. Diverging Traditions in the Later Nineteenth Century France Timeline Eastern and Northern Europe Source Reading: Dvořák and Paine on an American National Music The United States Reception and Recognition PART SIX: THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND AFTER 31. The Early Twentieth Century: Vernacular Music Modern Times, 1889–1918 Innovations: Recorded Sound Vernacular Musical Traditions Timeline African American Traditions Classics of Vernacular Music 32. The Early Twentieth Century: The Classical Tradition Modern Music in the Classical Tradition Timeline German Modernism: Mahler and Strauss In Performance: Mahler as Conductor French Modernism: Debussy and Ravel Source Reading: Debussy on Tradition, Freedom, and Pleasure Modernism and National Traditions The Avant-Garde Late Romantic or Modern? Source Reading: The Art of Noises 33. Radical Modernists Arnold Schoenberg Source Readings: New Music and Tradition Music in Context: Expressionism Alban Berg Timeline Anton Webern Igor Stravinsky Source Reading: The Premiere of The Rite of Spring Béla Bartók Source Reading: Peasant Music and Modern Music Charles Ives Source Reading: Americanism in Music Composer and Audience 34. Between the World Wars: Jazz and Popular Music Between the Wars Timeline American Musical Theater and Popular Song The Jazz Age Duke Ellington Film Music Mass Media and Popular Music 35. Between the World Wars: The Classical Tradition Music, Politics, and the People Timeline France Germany The Soviet Union Source Reading: Censuring Shostakovich The Americas The United States What Politics? 36. Postwar Crosscurrents The Cold War and the Postwar Boom Timeline From Bebop to Free Jazz Popular Music Broadway and Film Music Band and Wind Ensemble Music Roll Over, Beethoven 37. Postwar Heirs to the Classical Tradition Diversity and Common Themes Timeline Source Reading: Composition as Research Extensions of Tradition John Cage and the Avant-Garde Source Reading: Music in the Present Moment New Sounds and Textures Mixing Styles and Traditions New Paths 38. The Late Twentieth Century A Global Culture Timeline The Changing World of Music In Performance: Kronos Quartet Music in Context: Digital Technologies in the 1980s Niches in Popular Music Minimalism and Postminimalism Modernism and Individualism Polystylism The New Accessibility Source Readings: On Reaching an Audience Finding an Audience 39. The Twenty-First Century The New Millennium Timeline The New World of Music Innovations: Music Technology for Everyone Source Reading: A Golden Age for Classical Music? The Future of Western Music GLOSSARY CREDITS INDEX "A History of Western Music has secured its place - through six editions and for almost half a century - as the definitive resource for students and connoisseurs alike. Today this exceptional book remains the most authoritative and useful text available, providing readers with insights into both the music and its historical context." "In the Seventh Edition, J. Peter Burkholder has revitalized this classic text for a new generation, offering a vivid, accessible, contextual history of music in Europe and the Americas. From tropes in Latin masses to minimalism and the avant-garde, the history of Western music has long been a struggle between tradition and innovation, and Professor Burkholder explores the issues and people at the center of these conflicts. The result is a vibrant, engaging story of people, their ideas, what they valued in music, and the choices they made." "Comprehensively revised, the Seventh Edition calls attention to what's important, where it fits, why it matters, and who cares. Shorter, self-contained chapters are framed by historical context at the beginning and the music's reception and legacy at the end. Sidebars highlight composer biographies, music in daily life, and musical innovations in every period. Timelines and pithy Source Readings in each chapter place music in broader cultural context. Coverage of modern music has been significantly expanded to explore popular and classical idioms as well as the rich diversity of musical genres and styles available today. Long regarded as the definitive history of works and events, A History of Western Music now tells the story of the people behind the music."--BOOK JACKET