A History of Technology, Vol. 2: The Mediterranean Civilizations and the Middle Ages, c.700 B.C. to A.D. 1500

The development of technology and the inventions that have marked the progress of civilization from the earliest times to 1950 are described and examined in light of social, economic, and political trends Frontmatter ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES (page xi) LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (page xliv) HISTORICAL NOTES (A. R. HALL, page LI) PART I. PRIMARY PRODUCTION (page 1) 1. MINING AND QUARRYING TO THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY (C. N. BROMEHEAD, page 1) 2. METALLURGY (R. J. FORBES, page 41) 3. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS (E. M. JOPE, page 81) PART II. MANUFACTURE (page 103) 4. FOOD AND DRINK (R. J. FORBES, page 103) 5. LEATHER (JOHN W. WATERER, page 147) A NOTE ON PARCHMENT (page 187) 6. SPINNING AND WEAVING (R. PATTERSON, page 191) 7. PART I FURNITURE: TO THE END OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE (CYRIL ALDRED, page 221) 7. PART II FURNITURE: POST-ROMAN (R. W. SYMONDS, page 240) 8. PART I CERAMICS FROM c 700 B.C. TO THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE (GISELA M. A. RICHTER, page 259) 8. PART II CERAMICS: MEDIEVAL (E. M. JOPE, page 284) 9. GLASS AND GLAZES (D. B. HARDEN, page 311) 10. PRE-SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY (F. SHERWOOD TAYLOR AND CHARLES SINGER, page 347) A NOTE ON MILITARY PYROTECHNICS (page 374) PART III. MATERIAL CIVILIZATION (page 383) 11. THE MEDIEVAL ARTISAN (R. H. G. THOMSON, page 383) 12. BUILDING-CONSTRUCTION (MARTIN S. BRIGGS, page 397) 13. FINE METAL-WORK (HERBERT MARYON, page 449) NOTE ON STAMPING OF COINS AND OTHER OBJECTS (PHILIP GRIERSON, page 485) PART IV. TRANSPORT (page 493) 14. ROADS AND LAND TRAVEL WITH A SECTION (VI) ON HARBOURS, DOCKS, AND LIGHTHOUSES (R. G. GOODCHILD (III, IV, AND VI) AND R. J. FORBES (I, II, V, VII, AND VIII), page 493) 15. VEHICLES AND HARNESS (E. M. JOPE, page 537) 16. SHIPBUILDING (T. C. LETHBRIDGE, page 563) PART V. PRACTICAL MECHANICS AND CHEMISTRY (page 589) 17. POWER (R. J. FORBES, page 589) A NOTE ON WINDMILLS (REX WAILES, page 623) 18. MACHINES (BERTRAND GILLE, page 629) A NOTE ON ANCIENT CRANES (page 658) 19. HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING AND SANITATION (R. J. FORBES, page 663) 20. MILITARY TECHNOLOGY (A. R. HALL, page 695) 21. ALCHEMICAL EQUIPMENT (E. J. HOLMYARD, page 731) EPILOGUE EAST AND WEST IN RETROSPECT (CHARLES SINGER, page 753) INDEXES (page 777) PLATES This is the second volume of A History of Technology which is to be completed in five volumes and will cover the subject from the Old Stone Age to the later nineteenth century. It is written in plain language, with few specialist terms, so as to be understood by those with a minimum of technical or scientific training. Very great care has been taken with the illustrations, nearly all of which are specially drawn. Every opportunity is taken of conveying information graphically by maps, charts and tables.