A History of Research Into Ancient Egyptian Culture in Southeast Europe (Archaeopress Egyptology)

The history of Ancient Egypt has been studied in the region of Southeast Europe since the end of the nineteenth century. In some of the countries this was not the case for various reasons, but mainly because of the undeveloped scholarly capabilities and institutions, insufficient funds for archaeological research in Egypt, and the lack of cooperation with scholars from other countries. From the 1960s, however, this situation has changed for the better, firstly with the numerous publications of the diffusion of the Ancient Egyptian cults during Graeco-Roman period, and then with publications (articles, catalogues, books) on Ancient Egyptian collections in various museum institutions located in Southeast Europe. From the early 1990s one can trace the increased production of various scholarly papers in which researchers from Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, and Bulgaria not only researched the Egyptian cults in the Roman Empire, but also on the various aspects of history, religion and literature of Ancient Egypt. Their work, however, was mostly unknown to the scholars outside the region primarily because the results were written in the native languages. This book will try to give a review of the history of the studies of Ancient Egypt done in Southeast Europe, and present some of the latest research. The book comprises a selection of papers in which scholars from various institutions of the region reviewed the different aspects of past studies and the development of the research of the Ancient Egypt in some countries, along with recent research in the field. We hope that this publication will be useful for all scholars who are unfamiliar with the historiography of this region. Table of Contents Chapter I: A History of Research into Ancient Egyptian Culture Conducted in Southeast Europe 150 Years of Egyptological Reseach in Croatia (1862-2012) (Mladen Tomorad) The Borderline between Predynastic and Dynastic Egypt (4000–3000 B.C.) in the Works of Croatian Egyptologists and Scholars (Porin Šćukanec Rezniček) The History of Egyptology in Bulgaria (Emil Buzov) Chapter II: The Ancient Egyptian collections in Southeast Europe Josef Schwegel (1836–1914) and His Ten Years in Egypt (Tomislav Kajfež) The Ancient Egyptian Antiquities in Institutional and Private Collections in Croatia (Mladen Tomorad) The Collection of Egyptian Artifacts in the Mimara Museum in Zagreb (Croatia) (Ivana Čukman Nikolić, Mladen Tomorad) The Ancient Egyptian Glass Collection in the Mimara Museum (Lada Ratković Bukovčan) The Egyptian Collection in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb: History and Research (Porin Šćukanec Rezniček) Egyptian Collection of the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek (Croatia) (Marina Kovač) Formation and Composition of the Egyptian Collections in Serbia (Branislav Andelković) Ancient Egyptian Artifacts from Romania. Their Research and Future Perspectives (Dan-Augustin Deac) Chapter III: The current Egyptological research CT and MR Research on Two Egyptian Mummies from the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb (Mislav Čavka, Igor Uranić) A Case of Egyptian Revival at the Turn of the 18th Century: the Painter Franc Kavčič Caucig and His Oeuvre D’Egitto (Vesna Kamin Kajfež) The Cult of the Sacred Bull Apis: History Of Study (Nenad Marković) Was There Ever a ‘Minoan’ Princess on the Egyptian Court? (Uroš Matić) The Studies of the Ancient Egyptian Language in Croatia and Serbia (Kristina Šekrst) Development of the ‘Croato-Aegyptica’ Database (Mladen Tomorad, Goran Zlodiii) Chapter IV: The reseach of the Egyptian cults in Graeco-Roman world The Early Penetration of Ancient Egyptian Artifacts and Dissemination of the Cults of Egyptian Divinities in Istria and Illyricum (1St Millennium B.C.-1st Century A.D.) (Mladen Tomorad) Isis and Her Affiliates in Dalmatia. Some Reflections on Isiac Religious Communities (Kornelija A. Giunio) History of the Research of the Ancient Egyptian Cults in Pannonia (Dejan Pernjak, Danijel Štruklec, Mladen Tomorad) Evidence of the Cults of Isis on the Territory of the Republic of Macedonia (Aleksandra Nikoloska) Chapter V: Bibliographies Slovenia: Bibliographia Aegyptiacae Slovenicae (from the middle of the ninetheenth century till the end of 2012) (Compiled by Vesna Kamin Kajfež Supplemented by Mladen Tomorad and Ivana Štimac) Croatia: Egyptological Bibliography (1856-2014) (Compiled by Mladen Tomorad) Bosnia and Herzegovina: Egyptological Bibliography (1889-1993) (Compiled by Ivana Štimac) Serbia: Egyptological and Ancient Near Eastern Bibliography (1928-2013) (Compiled by Branislav Andelković and Milena Gošić) Romania: Egyptological Bibliography (1959-2014) (Compiled by Dan Augustin Deac) Bulgaria: Egyptological Bibliography (1983-2013) (Compiled by Emil Buzov Supplemented by Mladen Tomorad and Ivana Štimac) The history of Ancient Egypt has been studied in the region of Southeast Europe since the end of the nineteenth century. In some of the countries this was not the case for various reasons, but mainly because of the undeveloped scholarly capabilities and institutions, insufficient funds for archaeological research in Egypt, and the lack of cooperation with scholars from other countries. From the 1960s, however, this situation has changed for the better, firstly with the numerous publications of the diffusion of the Ancient Egyptian cults during Graeco-Roman period, and then with publications (articles, catalogues, books) on Ancient Egyptian collections in various museum institutions located in Southeast Europe. From the early 1990s one can trace the increased production of various scholarly papers in which researchers from Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, and Bulgaria not only researched the Egyptian cults in the Roman Empire, but also on the various aspects of history, religion and literature of Ancient Egypt. Their work, however, was mostly unknown to the scholars outside the region primarily because the results were written in the native languages. This book will try to give a review of the history of the studies of Ancient Egypt done in Southeast Europe, and present some of the latest research. The book comprises a selection of papers in which scholars from various institutions of the region reviewed the different aspects of past studies and the development of the research of the Ancient Egypt in some countries, along with recent research in the field. We hope that this publication will be useful for all scholars who are unfamiliar with the historiography of this region. Cover 1 Title Page 3 Copyright Page 4 Contents 5 List of Illustrations 7 Preface 12 List of contributors 13 Chapter I: A History of Research into Ancient Egyptian Culture Conducted in Southeast Europe 15 150 Years of Egyptological Reseach in Croatia (1862-2012) 17 Mladen Tomorad 17 The Borderline between Predynastic and Dynastic Egypt (4000–3000 B.C.) in the Works of Croatian Egyptologists and Scholar 29 Porin Šćukanec Rezniček 29 The History of Egyptology in Bulgaria 35 Emil Buzov 35 Fig. 1 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Zagreb mummy, inv. no. AMZ E-664, c. 1891. The photographic collection of the Archaeological museum in Zagreb. 18 Fig. 2 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Liber linteus Zagrabiensis, inv. no. AMZ E-665. Photo: F. Beusan, 2004. 18 Fig. 3 Franz Koller. The photographic collection of the Archaeological museum in Zagreb. 19 Fig. 4 Šime Ljubić. The photographic collection of the Archaeological museum in Zagreb. 19 Fig. 5 Gavro Manojlović. The photographic collection of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, Zagreb. 20 Fig. 6 Grga Novak. The photographic collection of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb. 20 Fig. 7 Petar Lisičar. The photographic collection of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, Zagreb. 21 Fig. 8 Petar Selem, 2003. Photo by M. Tomorad. 21 Fig. 9 Frane Bulić. The photographic collection of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, Zagreb. 23 Fig. 10 Manojlović, Gavro. Povijest Starog orijenta, Zagreb 1923. 30 Fig. 11 Novak, Grga. Egipat, Zagreb 1967. 31 Fig. 12 Uranić, Igor. Stari Egipat: povijest, književnost i umjetnost drevnih Egipćana, Zagreb 2002. 33 Fig. 13 Prof. Ignatov and Prof. Lekov in front of Cairo Museum. 37 Fig. 14 Students from New Bulgarian University in Luxor Temple. 38 Fig. 15 The Courtyard of TT 263. Luxor, West Bank. 39 Chapter II: The Ancient Egyptian collections in Southeast Europe 41 Josef Schwegel (1836–1914) and His Ten Years in Egypt 43 Tomislav Kajfež 43 The Ancient Egyptian Antiquities in Institutional and Private Collections in Croatia 47 Mladen Tomorad 47 The Collection of Egyptian Artifacts in the Mimara Museum in Zagreb (Croatia) 75 Ivana Čukman Nikolić 75 Mladen Tomorad 75 The Ancient Egyptian Glass Collection in the Mimara Museum 91 Lada Ratković Bukovčan 91 The Egyptian Collection in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb: History and Research 101 Porin Šćukanec Rezniček 101 Egyptian Collection of the Museum of Slavonia in Osijek (Croatia) 109 Marina Kovač 109 Formation and Composition of the Egyptian Collections in Serbia 123 Branislav Anđelković 123 Ancient Egyptian Artifacts from Romania. Their Research and Future Perspectives1 133 Dan-Augustin Deac 133 Fig. 16 Josef Schwegel`s portrait in 1868 by Angeli. Photo by T. Lauko. National Museum of Slovenia. 43 Fig. 17a The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Scarabeus, inv. no. E-004av. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 48 Fig. 17b The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Scarabeus, inv. no. E-004av. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 48 Fig. 18 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Wedjet-eye amulet, inv. no. AMIP P-30337. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 48 Fig. 19 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Group of shabtis. Photo: F. Beusan. 49 Fig. 20 Dubrovnik museums, The Archaeological museum, Dubrovnik: Jewelry, inv. nos. DM 583 and 593. The photographic collection of the Archaeological museum in Dubrovnik. 49 Fig. 21 Dubrovnik museums, The Archaeological museum, Dubrovnik: The group of statuettes of various Egyptian deities. Photo: M. Tomorad, 2003. 50 Fig. 22 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Egyptian footwear, inv. no. E-191. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 51 Fig. 23 The Museum of the city, Varaždin: Badari vessel, inv. no. AO 6521. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 51 Fig. 24 The Museum of the city, Varaždin: Group of canopic vessels. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 51 Fig. 25 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Male head, inv. no. E-213. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 52 Fig. 26 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Isis with Horus, inv. no. E-735. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 52 Fig. 27 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Wooden stele, inv. no. E-568. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 53 Fig. 28 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Papyrus, inv. no. AMZ E-597. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 53 Fig. 29 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The outside coffin of the Kaipamau, inv. no. AMZ E-687. Photo F. Beusan, 2005. 54 Fig. 30 Sphinx from the Peristil of the Diocletian palace in Split. 55 Fig. 31 Monolite stone block with the protome of Jupiter–Amon. Veliki Brijun. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 55 Fig. 32 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The fragment with the head of Serapis from Petrovci, inv. no. A-164. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 56 Fig. 33 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The statue of Isis from Nin, inv. no. A-34. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 57 Fig. 34 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The Ptolemaic coin with the images of Cleopatra VII and Marcus Antonius, inv. no. AMZ B1921av. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 58 Fig. 35 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The Roman coin with the images of Serapis, inv. no. AMZ C7959rv. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 58 Fig. 36 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The pernament exhibition, c. 1920. 58 Fig. 37a-d The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The pernament exhibition, c. 1970's. 60 Fig. 38 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The pernament exhibition, c. 1990’s. 61 Fig. 39 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Isis-Fortuna from Lika, inv. no. A-4633. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 62 Fig. 40 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Ptolemy I Soter, inv. no. A3822. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 62 Fig. 41 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Jupiter-Ammon, minted in Alexandria, inv. no. C7945rv. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 62 Fig. 42 Dubrovnik museums, The Archaeological museum, Dubrovnik: The group of Egyptian artifacts during exhibition in March, 2003. Photo M. Tomorad. 63 Fig. 43 Dubrovnik museums, The Archaeological museum, Dubrovnik: The mummy in coffin, 2003. Photo M. Tomorad. 64 Fig. 44a-b The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Stone monument with sistrum from Savudrija, inv. no. AMIP A-41. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 65 Fig. 45 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Sistrum from Nesactium (early 2nd c. B.C.), inv. no. AMIP A-5048. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 65 Fig. 46 The Archaeological museum, Zadar: Oil lamp with Serapis and Isis, from Nin, inv. no. 375. Photo K. A. Giunio. 66 Fig. 47 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Shabti, inv. no. AO5279. Photo M. Tomorad 2002. 67 Fig. 48 The Museum of the city, Varaždin: Stele of Mery-Mery, reign of Amenhotep III, inv. no. AO 6521. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 68 Fig. 49 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Vessel, Naqada II-Naqada III, inv. no. ATM 230. 76 Fig. 50 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Bowl, Naqada III-Archaic period, inv. no. ATM 231. 76 Fig. 51 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Bottle, Naqada II-Archaic period, inv. no. ATM 233. 76 Fig. 52 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Statuette of a carrier, Middle Kingdom, inv. no. ATM 243. 77 Fig. 53 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Head of and unknown pharaoh, Middle Kingdom, inv. no. ATM 229. 78 Fig. 54 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Statuette of a woman, Middle Kingdom-New Kingdom, inv. no. ATM 244. 78 Fig. 55 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Upper part of shabti figure, 18th Dynasty, inv. no. ATM 232. 79 Fig. 56 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Bowl, New Kingdom, inv. no. ATM 234. 79 Fig. 57a-b The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Scarab, New Kingdom, inv. no. ATM 236. 79 Fig. 58 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Horus, New Kingdom, inv. no. ATM 239. 80 Fig. 59 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Osiris, New Kingdom, inv. no. ATM 245. 80 Fig. 60 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Ba-bird, Third Intermediate Period, inv. no. ATM 242. 81 Fig. 61 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Osiris, Third Intermediate Period, inv. no. ATM 238. 81 Fig. 62 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Falcon Akhem, Third Intermediate Period, inv. no. ATM 241. 82 Fig. 63 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Canopic cover with the head of Duamutef, Late period, inv. no. ATM 228. 82 Fig. 64 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Horus, Late period, inv. no. ATM 237. 82 Fig. 65 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Unconventional shabti, pregnant naked African woman, New Kingdom to Graeco-Roman period, inv. no. ATM 235. 83 Fig. 66 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Figure of a woman, Graeco-Roman period, inv. no. ATM 240. 83 Fig. 67 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Apis amulet, not dated, inv. no. ATM 1376. 84 Fig. 68 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Hare amulet, not dated, inv. no. ATM 1376a. 84 Fig. 69 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Hare amulet, not dated, inv. no. ATM 1376b. 84 Fig. 70 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Anubis amulet, not dated, inv. no. ATM 1376c. 85 Fig. 71 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Bes amulet, not dated, inv. no. ATM 1376d. 85 Fig. 72 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Oil lamp on a stand, 6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 361. 86 Fig. 73 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Oil lamp on a stand, 6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 358. 86 Fig. 74 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Oil lamp on a stand, 7th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 359. 87 Fig. 75 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Oil lamp, 5th-7th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 357. 87 Fig. 76 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Stand, 6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 1719. 87 Fig. 77 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Oil lamp, 6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 356. 88 Fig. 78 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Oil lamp on a stand, 6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 355. 88 Fig. 79 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Menasampulla, 6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 349. 88 Fig. 80 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Menasampulla, 6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 351. 89 Fig. 81 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Relief with two female saints, 5th-6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 340. 89 Fig. 82 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Box, 5th-6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 3582. 89 Fig. 83 The Archaeological collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Fragment of a tunique, 5th-6th century A.D., inv. no. ATM 246. 90 Fig. 84 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Small Jug, Egypt, 2nd millennium B.C, inv. no. ATM 1337. 93 Fig. 85 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Bead, 15th c. B.C., Egypt, inv. no. ATM 1336. 93 Fig. 86 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Balsamarium, 15th c. B.C, Egypt, inv. no. ATM 1334. 94 Fig. 87 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Amphoriskos, 14th c. B.C., Egypt, inv. no. ATM 1335. 95 Fig. 88 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Alabastron, Egypt, 6th-5th c. B.C., inv. no. ATM 1340. 96 Fig. 89 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Alabastron, Egypt, 3rd-4th c. B.C. no. ATM 1343. 96 Fig. 90 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Amphoriskos, Greece, 5th/4th c. B.C., inv. no. ATM 1354. 97 Fig. 91 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Amphoriskos, Greece, 5th/4th c. B.C., inv. no. ATM 1355. 97 Fig. 92 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Oinochoe, Greece, 4th c. B.C., inv. no. ATM 1356. 98 Fig. 93 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Small bowl, Alexandria, 1st c. B.C., inv. no. ATM 1352. 99 Fig. 94 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Bowl, Alexandria, 1st c. A.D., inv. no. ATM 1350. 99 Fig. 95 The Glass collection, The Museum Mimara, Zagreb: Cup, Alexandria, 1st c. A.D., inv. no. ATM 1767. 100 Fig. 96 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The latest pernament exhibition, 2005. Photo F. Beusan. 102 Fig. 97 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The latest pernament exhibition, 2005. Photo F. Beusan. 103 Fig. 98 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: The latest pernament exhibition, 2005. Photo F. Beusan. 103 Fig. 100 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Lower part of scarcophagus of Kaipamau, inv. no. E-687. Photo F. Beusan, 2005. 104 Fig. 99 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Lower part of scarcophagus with coffin of Kaipamau, inv. no. E-687. Photo F. Beusan, 2005. 104 Fig. 101. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Shu amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1343. 111 Fig. 102. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Pedi-hor-pa-khered votive stele, inv. no. MSO-AA-2590. 112 Fig. 103. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Sculpture of Osiris, inv. no. MSO-AA-1340. 113 Fig. 104. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Relief plaque, inv. no. MSO-AA-1341. 113 Fig. 105. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Scarab amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1605. 114 Fig. 106. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Scarab amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1606. 114 Fig. 107. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Dwarf Pataikos amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-2665. 115 Fig. 108. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Bes amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-2670. 115 Fig. 109. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Shabti, inv. no. MSO-AA-6243. 116 Fig. 110. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Sculpture of a man, inv. no. MSO-AA-19469. 117 Fig. 111. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Sculpture of Osiris, inv. no. MSO-194962. 117 Fig. 112. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Scarab amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1432. 118 Fig. 113. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Scarab amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1433. 118 Fig. 114. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Scarab amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1434. 119 Fig. 115. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Thoth amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1342. 119 Fig. 116. The Museum of Slavonia, Osijek: Hare amulet, inv. no. MSO-AA-1344. 120 Fig. 117 Map of the locations in Serbia. 123 Chapter III: The current Egyptological research 137 CT and MR Research on Two Egyptian Mummies from the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb 139 Igor Uranić 139 Mislav Čavka 139 A Case of Egyptian Revival at the Turn of the 18th Century: the Painter Franc Kavčič Caucig and His Oeuvre D’Egitto 143 Vesna Kamin Kajfež 143 The Cult of the Sacred Bull Apis: History Of Study 151 Nenad Marković 151 Was There Ever a ‘Minoan’ Princess on the Egyptian Court? 161 Uroš Matić 161 The Studies of the Ancient Egyptian Language in Croatia and Serbia 173 Kristina Šekrst 173 Development of the ‘Croato-Aegyptica’ Database 177 Goran Zlodi 177 Mladen Tomorad 177 Fig. 118. Franc Kavčič, Ptolomey II. Philadelphus, graphite, wash pen and ink drawing, 270 x 190 mm. Akademie der Bildenden Künste Wien, inv. no. 209. Photo: ©Kupferstichkabinett Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Wien. 144 Fig. 119. Franc Kavčič, Neshor with the triad of Elephantine, graphite, wash pen and ink drawing, 228 x 313 mm. Akademie der Bildenden Künste Wien, inv. no. 183. Photo: © Kupferstichkabinett Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Wien. 145 Fig. 120. Franc Kavčič, The Goddess Isis, graphite, wash pen and ink drawing, 210 x 290 mm. Akademie der Bildenden Künste Wien, inv. no. 188. Photo: © Kupferstichkabinett Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Wien. 145 Fig. 121. Franc Kavčič, The Blind harpist from ‘D’Egitto’, graphite, wash pen and ink drawing, 347 x 234 mm Akademie der Bildenden Künste Wien, inv. no. 808. Photo: © Kupferstichkabinett Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Wien. 147 Fig. 122. Franc Kavčič, The Blind harpist from ‘D’Egitto’, graphite, wash pen and ink drawing, 350 x 230 mm. Akademie der Bildenden Künste Wien, inv. no. 922. Photo: © Kupferstichkabinett Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Wien. 148 Fig. 123. Franc Kavčič, The Blind harpist from ‘D’Egitto’, graphite, wash pen and ink drawing, 247 x 230 mm. Akademie der Bildenden Künste Wien, inv. no. 840. Photo: © Kupferstichkabinett Akademie der Bildenden Künste, Wien. 149 Chapter IV: The reseach of the Egyptian cults in Graeco-Roman world 181 The Early Penetration of Ancient Egyptian Artifacts and Dissemination of the Cults of Egyptian Divinities in Istria and Illyricum (1St Millennium B.C.-1st Century A.D.) 183 Mladen Tomorad 183 Isis and Her Affiliates in Dalmatia. Some Reflections on Isiac Religious Communities 217 Kornelija A. Giunio 217 History of the Research of the Ancient Egyptian Cults in Pannonia 231 Danijel Štruklec 231 Dejan Pernjak 231 Mladen Tomorad 231 Evidence of the Cults of Isis on the Territory of the Republic of Macedonia 237 Aleksandra Nikoloska 237 Table 1. Egyptian and ‘Aegyptiaca’ artifacts discovered in Istria and Illyricum (1st millenium B.C.- early 2nd c. A.D.) 186 Fig. 124 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Shabti, from Salona, Croatia, inv. no. E-561. Photo M. Tomorad, 2005. 195 Fig. 125 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Ptolemaic coin, from Gračac, Croatia, inv. no. A3870. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 196 Fig. 126 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Ptolemaic coin, from Gračac, Croatia, inv. no. A3892. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 196 Fig. 127 The Archaeological museum, Zagreb: Ptolemaic coin, from Gračac, Croatia, inv. no. A9371. Photo M. Tomorad, 2002. 197 Fig. 128 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Sistrum, from Nesactium, Croatia, inv. no. A-5048. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 197 Fig. 129 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Neith, from unknown site in Istria, Croatia, inv. no. A-5220. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 199 Fig. 130 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Harpocrates amulet, from unknown site in Istria, Croatia, inv. no. A-5221. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 200 Fig. 131 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Apis, from unknown site in Istria, Croatia, inv. no. A-5223. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 201 Fig. 132 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Young Egyptian prince or Pharaoh in kneeling position, from unknown site in Istria, Croatia, inv. no. A-5210. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 202 Fig. 133 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Osiris, from Bale in Istria, Croatia, inv. no. A-5224. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 203 Fig. 134 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Shabti of lady Mehytweskhet, from Krk, Croatia, inv. no. 642. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 204 Fig. 135 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Pseudoshabti, from Krk, Croatia, inv. no. 641. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 205 Fig. 136 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Amulet of the cat, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 206 Fig. 137 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Amulet of the cat, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 207 Fig. 138 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Amulet of the cat, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 207 Fig. 139 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Amulet of the cat, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 208 Fig. 140 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Amulet of the cat, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 208 Fig. 141 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Scarab, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 209 Fig. 142 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Scarab, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 210 Fig. 143 The Franciscan monastery, Košljun: Scarab, from Krk, Croatia, without inventory number. Photo M. Tomorad 2013. 211 Fig. 144 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Marble fragment of a head relief depicting the Egyptian goddess Hathor, from Arena in Pula, 1st c. A.D., inv. no. A-8712. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 211 Fig. 145 The Archaeological museum of Istria, Pula: Isis-Fortuna, from Savudrija, Croatia, inv. no. A-4620. Photo M. Tomorad, 2004. 212 Fig. 146 Lamp with the representation of Isis and Serapis from Aenona. 217 Fig. 147 Lamp with the representation of Harpokrates from Aenona. 218 Fig. 148 Bust of Isis from Salona. 220 Fig. 149 Bust of Serapis from Salona. 220 Fig. 150 Cover of the sarcophagus of Aurelius Satrius and Aurelia Maxima from Salona. Photo T. Seser, Arheološki muzej u Splitu. 221 Fig. 151 Left medallion, cover of the sarcophagus of Aurelius Satrius and Aurelia Maxima from Salona. Photo T. Seser, Arheološki muzej u Splitu. 221 Fig. 152 Right medallion, cover of the sarcophagus of Aurelius Satrius and Aurelia Maxima from Salona, left medallion representing Aurelius Satrius. Photo T. Seser, Arheološki muzej u Splitu. 221 Fig. 153 Central meallion with inscription, cover of the sarcophagus of Aurelius Satrius and Aurelia Maxima from Salona, right medallion representing Aurelia Maxima. Photo T. Seser, Arheološki muzej u Splitu. 222 Fig.154 Votive altar dedicated to Isis and Serapis, Liber and Libera from Iader, front side. Photo Museo archeologico Maffeiano, Verona, Italy. 222 Fig. 155 Votive altar dedicated to Isis and Serapis, Liber and Libera from Iader, left lateral side. Photo Museo archeologico Maffeiano, Verona, Italy. 223 Fig. 156 Votive altar dedicated to Isis and Serapis, Liber and Libera from Iader, right lateral side. Photo Museo archeologico Maffeiano, Verona, Italy. 223 Fig. 157 Votive altar dedicated to Isis and Serapis, Liber and Libera from Iader, back side. Photo Museo archeologico Maffeiano, Verona, Italy. 224 Fig. 158 Marble statue of Isis from Aenona. Photo I. Krajcar, Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu. 224 Fig. 159 Bust of Isis from Narona. Photo T. Glučina, Arheološki muzej Narona, Vid. 225 Fig. 160 Sphinx of black granite from the 18th Dynasty on the Peristyle of the Diocletian’s palace in Split. 226 Fig. 161 Bronze bust of Isis from Gramadište. 238 Fig. 162 Bronze figure of Isis Fortuna from Gramadište. 239 Fig. 163 Bronze applique of Serapis from Gramadište. 240 Fig. 164 Marble sculpture of Isis from Ohrid. Photo M. Tomorad, 2013. 240 Fig. 165 Marble sculpture of Isis from Ohrid. Photo M. Tomorad, 2013. 241 Fig. 166 Bronze statuette of Harpocrates from Heraclea Lyncestis. 241 Fig. 167 Bronze statuette of Isis Fortuna from Prilep. 241 Fig. 168 Inscription from Stobi. 242 Fig. 169 Marble head of Serapis from Stobi. 242 Fig. 170 Reverse of a coin from Stobi. 243 Fig. 171 Reverse of a coin from Stobi. 243 Chapter V: Bibliographies 245 Slovenia: Bibliographia Aegyptiacae Slovenicae (from the middle of the Ninetheenth century till the end of 2012) 247 Compiled by Vesna Kamin Kajfež 247 Supplemented by Mladen Tomorad and Ivana Štimac 247 Croatia: Egyptological Bibliography (1856-2014) 251 Compiled by Mladen Tomorad 251 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Egyptological Bibliography (1889-1993) 272 Compiled by Ivana Štimac 272 Serbia: Egyptological and Ancient Near Eastern Bibliography (1928-2013) 273 Compiled by Branislav Anđelković and Milena Gošić 273 Romania: Egyptological Bibliography (1959-2014) 283 Compiled by Dan Augustin Deac 283 Bulgaria: Egyptological Bibliography (1983-2013) 287 Compiled by Emil Buzov Supplemented by Mladen Tomorad and Ivana Štimac 287 Egyptology,museum collections,Southeaster Europe,research Annotation The history of Ancient Egypt has been studied in the region of Southeast Europe since the end of the nineteenth century. In some of the countries this was not the case for various reasons, but mainly because of the undeveloped scholarly capabilities and institutions, insufficient funds for archaeological research in Egypt, and the lack of cooperation with scholars from other countries. From the 1960s, however, this situation has changed for the better, firstly with the numerous publications of the diffusion of the Ancient Egyptian cults during Graeco-Roman period, and then with publications (articles, catalogues, books) on Ancient Egyptian collections in various museum institutions located in Southeast Europe. From the early 1990s one can trace the increased production of various scholarly papers in which researchers from Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, and Bulgaria not only researched the Egyptian cults in the Roman Empire, but also on the various aspects of history, religion and literature of Ancient Egypt. Their work, however, was mostly unknown to the scholars outside the region primarily because the results were written in the native languages. This book will try to give a review of the history of the studies of Ancient Egypt done in Southeast Europe, and present some of the latest research. The book comprises a selection of papers in which scholars from various institutions of the region reviewed the different aspects of past studies and the development of the research of the Ancient Egypt in some countries, along with recent research in the field. We hope that this publication will be useful for all scholars who are unfamiliar with the historiography of this region