A History of Greece, Volume 10 of 12, originally published in 1852

Cover......Page 1 Frontmatter......Page 6 PREFACE TO VOL. X.......Page 8 Contents......Page 10 CHAPTER LXXVI - From the Peace of Antalkidas down to the Subjugation of Olynthus by Sparta......Page 34 Peace or convention of Antalkidas. Its import and character. Separate partnership between Sparta and Persia......Page 35 Degradation in the form of the convention--an edict drawn up, issued, and enforced, by Persia upon Greece......Page 36 Gradual loss of Pan-hellenic dignity, and increased submission towards Persia as a means of purchasing Persian help--on the part of Sparta......Page 39 Her first application before the Peloponnesian war; subsequent applications......Page 40 Active partnership between Sparta and Persia against Athens, after the Athenian catastrophe at Syracuse. Athens is ready to follow her example......Page 41 How Sparta became hostile to Persia after the battle of Ægospotami. The Persian force aids Athens against her, and breaks up her maritime empire......Page 43 No excuse for the subservience of Sparta to the Persians--she was probably afraid of a revived Athenian empire......Page 44 Hellenism betrayed to the enemy, first by Sparta, next by the other leading states. Evidence that Hellenic independence was not destined to last much longer......Page 46 Promise of universal autonomy--popular to the Grecian ear--how carried out......Page 47 The Spartans never intended to grant, nor ever really granted, general autonomy. They used the promise as a means of increased power to themselves......Page 48 Immediate point made against Corinth and Thebes--isolation of Athens......Page 49 Persian affairs--unavailing efforts of the Great King to reconquer Egypt......Page 50 Evagoras, despot of Salamis in Cyprus......Page 51 Descent of Evagoras--condition of the island of Cyprus......Page 52 Greek princes of Salamis are dispossessed by a Phoenician dynasty......Page 54 Evagoras dethrones the Phoenician, and becomes despot of Salamis......Page 55 Able and beneficent government of Evagoras......Page 56 His anxiety to revive Hellenism in Cyprus--he looks to the aid of Athens......Page 57 Relations of Evagoras with Athens during the closing years of the Peloponnesian war......Page 58 Evagoras at war with the Persians--he receives aid both from Athens and from Egypt--he is at first very successful, so as even to capture Tyre......Page 60 Struggle of Evagoras against the whole force of the Persian empire after the peace of Antalkidas......Page 62 Evagoras, after a ten years' war, is reduced, but obtains an honourable peace, mainly owing to the dispute between the two satraps jointly commanding......Page 63 Assassination of Evagoras, as well as of his son Pnytagoras, by an eunuch slave of Nikokreon......Page 65 Condition of the Asiatic Greeks after being transferred to Persia--much changed for the worse. Exposure of the Ionian islands also......Page 67 Great power gained by Sparta through the peace of Antalkidas. She becomes practically mistress of Corinth, and the Corinthian isthmus. Miso-Theban tendencies of Sparta--especially of Agesilaus......Page 70 Sparta organized anti-Theban oligarchies in the Boeotian cities, with a Spartan harmost in several. Most of these cities seem to have been favourable to Thebes, though Orchomenus and Thespiæ were adverse......Page 71 The Spartans restore Platæa. Former conduct of Sparta towards Platæa......Page 73 Motives of Sparta in restoring Platæa. A politic step, as likely to sever Thebes from Athens......Page 75 Platæa becomes a dependency and outpost of Sparta. Main object of Sparta to prevent the reconstitution of the Boeotian federation......Page 76 Spartan policy at this time directed by the partisan spirit of Agesilaus, opposed by his colleague Agesipolis......Page 78 Oppressive behaviour of the Spartans towards Mantinea. They require the walls of the city to be demolished......Page 80 Agesipolis blockades the city, and forces it to surrender, by damming up the river Ophis. The Mantineans are forced to break up their city into villages......Page 81 Democratical leaders of Mantinea--owed their lives to the mediation of the exiled king Pausanias......Page 82 Mantinea is pulled down and distributed into five villages......Page 83 High-handed despotism of Sparta towards Mantinea--signal partiality of Xenophon......Page 84 Mischievous influence of Sparta, during this period of her ascendency, in decomposing the Grecian world into the smallest fragments......Page 86 The treatment of Mantinea was only one among a series of other acts of oppressive intervention, committed by Sparta towards her various allies......Page 88 Competition of Athens with Sparta for ascendency at sea. Athens gains ground, and gets together some rudiments of a maritime confederacy......Page 89 Ideas entertained by some of the Spartan leaders, of acting against the Persians for the rescue of the Asiatic Greeks.--Panegyrical Discourse of Isokrates......Page 92 Perdikkas and Archelaus--energy and ability of the latter......Page 93 Contrast of Macedonia and Athens......Page 96 Succeeding Macedonian kings--Orestes, Æropus, Pausanias, Amyntas. Assassination frequent......Page 98 Amyntas is expelled from Macedonia by the Illyrians--he makes over much of the sea-coast to the Olynthian confederacy......Page 99 Chalkidians of Olynthus--they take into their protection the Macedonian cities on the coast, when Amyntas runs away before the Illyrians. Commencement of the Olynthian confederacy......Page 100 Equal and liberal principles on which the confederacy was framed from the beginning. Accepted willingly by the Macedonian and Greco-Macedonian cities......Page 102 The Olynthians extend their confederacy among the Grecian cities in Chalkidic Thrace--their liberal procedure--several cities join--others cling to their own autonomy, but are afraid of open resistance......Page 103 Speech of Kleigenes the Akanthian envoy at Sparta......Page 104 Envoys from Amyntas at Sparta......Page 107 The Lacedæmonians and their allies vote aid to the Akanthians against Olynthus......Page 109 Anxiety of the Akanthians for instant intervention. The Spartan Eudamidas is sent against Olynthus at once, with such force as could be got ready. He checks the career of the Olynthians......Page 111 Conspiracy of Leontiades and the philo-Laconian party in Thebes, to betray the town and citadel to Phoebidas......Page 112 The opposing leaders--Leontiades and Ismenias--were both Polemarchs. Leontiades contrives the plot and introduces Phoebidas into the Kadmeia......Page 114 Leontiades overawes the Senate, and arrests Ismenias: Pelopidas and the leading friends of Ismenias go into exile......Page 115 Mixed feelings at Sparta--great importance of the acquisition to Spartan interests......Page 116 Displeasure at Sparta more pretended than real, against Phoebidas: Agesilaus defends him......Page 117 Leontiades at Sparta--his humble protestations and assurances--the Ephors decide that they will retain the Kadmeia, but at the same time fine Phoebidas......Page 118 The Lacedæmonians cause Ismenias to be tried and put to death. Iniquity of this proceeding......Page 119 Strenuous resistance of the Olynthians--excellence of their cavalry......Page 121 Teleutias being at first successful and having become over-confident, sustains a terrible defeat from the Olynthians under the walls of their city......Page 122 Agesipolis is sent to Olynthus from Sparta with a reinforcement. He dies of a fever......Page 124 Great mischief done by Sparta to Greece by thus crushing Olynthus......Page 125 Intervention of Sparta with the government of Phlius. The Phliasian government favoured by Agesipolis, persecuted by Agesilaus......Page 128 Agesilaus marches an army against Phlius--reduces the town by blockade, after a long resistance. The Lacedæmonians occupy the acropolis, naming a Council of One Hundred as governors......Page 129 Great ascendency of Sparta on land in 379 B.C.......Page 132 Sparta is now feared as the great despot of Greece--her confederacy with the Persian king, and with Dionysius of Syracuse......Page 133 Strong complaint of the rhetor Lysias, expressed at the Olympic festival of 384 B.C.......Page 134 Demonstration against the Syracusan despot Dionysius, at that festival......Page 135 Panegyrical oration of Isokrates......Page 138 Censure upon Sparta pronounced by the philo-Laconian Xenophon......Page 139 His manner of marking the point of transition in his history--from Spartan glory to Spartan disgrace......Page 140 Thebes under Leontiades and the philo-Spartan oligarchy, with the Spartan garrison in the Kadmeia--oppressive and tyrannical government......Page 141 Discontent at Thebes, though under compression. Theban exiles at Athens......Page 142 Pelopidas takes the lead--he, with Mellon and five other exiles, undertakes the task of destroying the rulers of Thebes. Cooperation of Phyllidas the secretary, and Charon at Thebes......Page 144 Plans of Phyllidas for admitting the conspirators into Thebes and the government-house--he invites the polemarchs to a banquet......Page 146 The scheme very nearly frustrated--accident which prevented Chlidon from delivering his message......Page 147 Pelopidas and Mellon get secretly into Thebes, and conceal themselves in the house of Charon. Sudden summons sent by the polemarchs to Charon. Charon places his son in the hands of Pelopidas as a hostage--warning to the polemarchs from Athens--they leave it unread......Page 148 Phyllidas brings the conspirators, in female attire, into the room where the polemarchs are banqueting--Archias, Philippus, and Kabeirichus are assassinated......Page 149 Leontiades and Hypates are slain in their houses......Page 151 Phyllidas opens the prison, and sets free the prisoners. Epaminondas and many other citizens appear in arms......Page 152 Universal joy among the citizens on the ensuing morning, when the event was known. General assembly in the market-place--Pelopidas, Mellon and Charon are named the first Boeotarchs......Page 153 Aid to the conspirators from private sympathisers in Attica. Alarm of the Spartans in the Kadmeia--they send for reinforcements......Page 154 Pelopidas and the Thebans prepare to storm the Kadmeia--the Lacedæmonian garrison capitulate and are dismissed--several of the oligarchical Thebans are put to death in trying to go away along with them. The harmost who surrendered the Kadmeia is put to death by the Spartans......Page 155 Powerful sensation produced by this incident throughout the Grecian world......Page 158 It alters the balance of power, and the tenure of Spartan empire......Page 160 Indignation in Sparta at the revolution of Thebes--a Spartan army sent forth at once, under King Kleombrotus. He retires from Boeotia without achieving anything......Page 161 Kleombrotus passes by the Athenian frontier--alarm at Athens-- condemnation of the two Athenian generals who had favoured the enterprise of Pelopidas......Page 162 Different constructions put upon this attempt and upon the character of Sphodrias......Page 166 Alarm and wrath produced at Athens by the attempt of Sphodrias. The Lacedæmonian envoys at Athens seized, but dismissed......Page 168 Trial of Sphodrias at Sparta. He is acquitted, greatly through the private favour and sympathies of Agesilaus......Page 169 Comparison of Spartan with Athenian procedure......Page 170 The Athenians declare war against Sparta, and contract alliance with Thebes......Page 171 Exertions of Athens to form a new maritime confederacy, like the Confederacy of Delos. Thebes enrolls herself as a member......Page 172 Athens sends round envoys to the islands in the Ægean. Liberal principles on which the new confederacy is formed. The Athenians formally renounce all pretensions to their lost properties out of Attica, and engage to abstain from future Kleruchies......Page 173 Envoys sent round by Athens--Chabrias, Timotheus, Kallistratus......Page 175 Service of Iphikrates in Thrace after the peace of Antalkidas. He marries the daughter of the Thracian prince Kotys, and acquires possession of a Thracian sea-port, Drys......Page 178 Timotheus and Kallistratus--their great success in winning the islanders into confederacy with Athens......Page 181 Synod of the new confederates assembled at Athens--votes for war on a large scale......Page 184 Members of the confederacy were at first willing and harmonious --a fleet is equipped......Page 185 New property-tax imposed at Athens. The Solonian census......Page 186 The Solonian census retained in the main, though with modifications, at the restoration under the archonship of Eukleides in 403 B.C.......Page 187 Archonship of Nausinikus in 378 B.C.--New census and schedule then introduced, of all citizens worth 25 minæ and upwards, distributed into classes, and entered for a fraction of their total property; each class for a different fraction......Page 188 All metics, worth more than 25 minæ, were registered in the schedule; all in one class, each man for one-sixth of his property. Aggregate schedule......Page 190 The Symmories--containing the 1200 wealthiest citizens--the 300 wealthiest, leaders of the Symmories......Page 191 Citizens not wealthy enough to be included in the Symmories, yet still entered in the schedule and liable to property-tax. Purpose of the Symmories--extension of the principle to the trierarchy......Page 193 Enthusiasm at Thebes in defence of the new government and against Sparta. Military training--the Sacred Band......Page 194 Epaminondas......Page 196 His previous character and training--musical and intellectual, as well as gymnastic. Conversation with philosophers, Sokratic as well as Pythagorean......Page 197 His eloquence--his unambitious disposition--gentleness of his political resentments......Page 200 Conduct of Epaminondas at the Theban revolution of 379 B.C.-- he acquires influence, through Pelopidas, in the military organization of the city......Page 202 Agesilaus marches to attack Thebes with the full force of the Spartan confederacy--good system of defence adopted by Thebes --aid from Athens under Chabrias......Page 204 Agesilaus retires, leaving Phoebidas in command at Thespiæ--desultory warfare of Phoeebidas against Thebes--he is defeated and slain. Increase of the Theban strength in Boeotia, against the philo-Spartan oligarchies in the Boeotian cities......Page 206 Agesilaus retires--he is disabled by a hurt in the leg......Page 207 Resolution of Sparta to equip a large fleet, under the admiral Pollis. The Athenians send out a fleet under Chabrias--victory of Chabrias at sea near Naxos. Recollection of the battle of Arginusæ......Page 208 Extension of the Athenian maritime confederacy, in consequence of the victory at Naxos......Page 211 Circumnavigation of Peloponnesus by Timotheus with an Athenian fleet--his victory over the Lacedæmonian fleet--his success in extending the Athenian confederacy--his just dealing......Page 212 Financial difficulties of Athens......Page 213 She becomes jealous of the growing strength of Thebes--steady and victorious progress of Thebes in Boeotia......Page 214 Victory of Pelopidas at Tegyra over the Lacedæmonians......Page 215 The Thebans expel the Lacedæmonians out of all Boeotia, except Orchomenus--they reorganise the Boeotian federation......Page 216 They invade Phokis--Kleombrotus is sent thither with an army for defence--Athens makes a separate peace with the Lacedæmonians......Page 217 Polydamus of Pharsalus applies to Sparta for aid against Pheræ......Page 219 Jason of Pheræ--his energetic character and formidable power......Page 220 His prudent dealing with Polydamas......Page 222 Evidence of the decline of Spartan power during the last eight years......Page 223 Peace between Athens and Sparta--broken off almost immediately. The Lacedæmonians declare war again, and resume their plans upon Zakynthus and Korkyra......Page 225 Lacedæmonian armament under Mnasippus, collected from all the confederates, invades Korkyra......Page 226 Mnasippus besieges the city--high cultivation of the adjoining lands......Page 227 The Korkyræans blocked up in the city--supplies intercepted-- want begins--no hope of safety except in aid from Athens. Reinforcement arrives from Athens--large Athenian fleet preparing under Timotheus......Page 228 Mnasippus becomes careless and insolent from over-confidence--he offends his mercenaries--the Korkyræans make a successful sally--Mnasippus is defeated and slain--the city supplied with provisions......Page 229 Tardy arrival of the Athenian fleet--it is commanded not by Timotheus, but by Iphikrates--causes of the delay--preliminary voyage of Timotheus, very long protracted......Page 231 Discontent at Athens, in consequence of the absence of Timotheus --distress of the armament assembled at Kalauria--Iphikrates and Kallistratus accuse Timotheus. Iphikrates named admiral in his place......Page 233 Return of Timotheus--an accusation is entered against him, but trial is postponed until the return of Iphikrates from Korkyra......Page 235 Rapid and energetic movements of Iphikrates towards Korkyra --his excellent management of the voyage. On reaching Kephallenia, he learns the flight of the Lacedæmonians from Korkyra......Page 236 He goes on to Korkyra, and captures by surprise the ten Syracusan triremes sent by Dionysius to the aid of Sparta......Page 237 Iphikrates in want of money--he sends home Kallistratus to Athens--he finds work for his seamen at Korkyra--he obtains funds by service in Akarnania......Page 238 Favourable tone of public opinion at Athens, in consequence of the success at Korkyra--the trial of Timotheus went off easily --Jason and Alketas come to support him--his quæstor is condemned to death......Page 240 Timotheus had been guilty of delay, not justifiable under the circumstances-- though acquitted, his reputation suffered--he accepts command under Persia......Page 242 Discouragement of Sparta in consequence of her defeat at Korkyra, and of the triumphant position of Iphikrates. They are farther dismayed by earthquakes and other divine signs--Helikê and Bura are destroyed by an earthquake......Page 245 The Spartans again send Antalkidas to Persia, to sue for a fresh intervention--the Persian satraps send down an order that the Grecian belligerents shall make up their differences......Page 246 Athens had ceased to be afraid of Sparta, and had become again jealons of Thebes......Page 247 Equivocal position of the restored Platæa, now that the Lacedæmonians had been expelled from Boeotia. The Platæans try to persuade Athens to incorporate them with Attica......Page 248 The Thebans forestal this negotiation by seizing Platæa, and expelling the inhabitants, who again take refuge at Athens......Page 249 Strong feeling excited in Athens against the Thebans, on account of their dealings with Platæa and Thespiæ. The Plataic discourse of Isokrates......Page 252 Increased tendency of the Athenians towards peace with Sparta Athens and the Athenian confederacy give notice to Thebes. General congress for peace at Sparta......Page 255 Speeches of the Athenian envoys Kallias, Autokles, Kallistratus......Page 256 Kallistratus and his policy......Page 257 He proposes that Sparta and Athens shall divide between them the headship of Greece--Sparta on land, Athens at sea--recognising general autonomy......Page 258 The oath proposed to the Thebans. Epaminondas, the Theban envoy, insists upon taking the oath in the name of the Boeotian federation. Agesilaus and the Spartans require that he shall take it for Thebes alone......Page 259 Daring and emphatic speeches delivered by Epaminondas in the congress--protesting against the overweening pretensions of Sparta. He claims recognition of the ancient institutions of Boeotia, with Thebes as president of the federation......Page 260 Indignation of the Spartans, and especially of Agesilaus--brief questions exchanged--Thebes is excluded from the treaty......Page 262 General peace sworn, including Athens, Sparta, and the rest-- Thebes alone is excluded......Page 264 Advantageous position of Athens--prudence in her to make peace now......Page 265 Real point in debate between Agesilaus and Epaminondas......Page 266 Measures for executing the stipulations made at the congress of Sparta......Page 269 King Kleombrotus is ordered to march into Boeotia, out of Phokis......Page 270 He forces the defences of Boeotia, and encamps at Leuktra......Page 272 Epaminondas and the Thebans at Leuktra--discouragement in the army......Page 273 New order of battle adopted by Epaminondas......Page 275 Confidence of the Spartans and of Kleombrotus......Page 276 Defeat of the Spartans and death of Kleombrotus......Page 278 Faint adherence of the Spartan allies......Page 280 Spartan camp after the defeat--confession of defeat by sending to solicit the burial-truce......Page 281 Great surprise, and immense alteration of feeling, produced throughout Greece by the Theban victory......Page 282 Effect of the news at Sparta--heroic self-command......Page 286 Difference of Athens and Sparta--Athens, equal in active energy......Page 288 Proceedings in Boeotia after the battle of Leuktra. The Theban victory not well received at Athens......Page 289 Jason of Pheræ arrives at Leuktra--the Spartan army retires from Boeotia under capitulation......Page 291 Treatment of the defeated citizens on reaching Sparta--suspension of the law......Page 294 Extension of the power of Thebes. Treatment of Orchomenus and Thespiæ......Page 296 Power and ambition of Jason......Page 298 Plans of Jason--Pythian festival......Page 299 Assassination of Jason at Pheræ......Page 300 Proceedings in Peloponnesus after the defeat of Leuktra. Expulsion of the Spartan harmosts and dekarchies......Page 302 Skytalism at Argos--violent intestine feud......Page 304 Discouragement and helplessness of Sparta......Page 306 Athens places herself at the head of a new Peloponnesian land confederacy......Page 307 Accusation preferred in the Amphiktyonic assembly, by Thebes against Sparta......Page 308 The Spartans are condemned to a fine--importance of this fact as an indication......Page 309 Proceedings in Areadia......Page 311 Re-establishment of the city of Mantinea by its own citizens......Page 312 Humiliating refusal experienced by Agesilaus from the Mantineans --keenly painful to a Spartan......Page 314 Feeling against Agesilaus at Sparta......Page 315 Impulse among the Areadians towards Pan-Arcadian union. Opposition from Orchomenus and Tegea......Page 316 Revolution at Tegea--the philo-Spartan party are put down or expelled. Tegea becomes anti-Spartan, and favourable to the Pan-Arcadian union......Page 318 Pan-Arcadian union is formed......Page 319 March of Agesilaus against Mantinea. Evidence of lowered sentiment in Sparta......Page 320 Application by the Arcadians to Athens for aid against Sparta; it is refused: they then apply to the Thebans......Page 323 Plans of Epaminondas for restoring the Messenians in Peloponnesus......Page 324 Also, for consolidating the Arcadians against Sparta......Page 326 Epaminondas and the Theban army arrive in Arcadia. Great allied force assembled there. The allies entreat him to invade Laconia......Page 328 Reluctance of Epaminondas to invade Laconia--reasonable grounds for it......Page 329 He marches into Laconia--four lines of invasion......Page 330 Alarm at Sparta--arrival of various allies to her aid by sea......Page 331 Discontent in Laconia among the Perioeki and Helots--danger to Sparta from that cause......Page 333 Vigilant defence of Sparta by Agesilaus......Page 335 Violent emotion of the Spartans, especially the women. Partial attack upon Sparta by Epaminondas......Page 336 Great effect of this invasion upon Grecian opinion--Epaminondas is exalted, and Sparta farther lowered......Page 338 Foundation of the Arcadian Megalopolis......Page 339 Foundation of Messênê......Page 341 Abstraction of Western Laconia from Sparta......Page 343 Great diminution thereby of her power, wealth, and estimation......Page 345 Perioeki and Helots established as freemen along with the Messenians on the Lacedæmonian border......Page 346 The details of this reorganizing process unhappily unknown......Page 347 Megalopolis--the Pan-Arcadian Ten Thousand......Page 350 Epamiuondas and his army evacuate Peloponnesus......Page 352 The Spartans solieit aid from Athens--language of their envoys, as well as those from Corinth and Phlius, at Athens......Page 353 Reception of the envoys--the Athenians grant the prayer......Page 355 March of Iphikrates and his army to the Isthmus......Page 357 Trial of Epaminondas at Thebes for retaining his command beyond the legal time--his honourable and easy acquittal......Page 360 Changes in Peloponnesus since the battle of Leuktra......Page 364 Changes out of Peloponnesus......Page 365 Ambitious views of Athens after the battle of Leuktra......Page 367 Her aspirations to maritime empire, and to the partial recovery of kleruchies......Page 368 She wishes to recover Amphipolis--Amyntas recognises her right to the place......Page 369 Athens and Amphipolis......Page 370 Death of Jason and Amyntas--state of Thessaly and Macedonia......Page 372 Alexander of Pheræ--he is opposed by Pelopidas--influence of Thebes in Thessaly......Page 373 State of Macedonia--Alexander son of Amyntas--Eurydikê--Ptolemy......Page 374 Assistance rendered by the Athenian Iphikrates to the family of Amyntas......Page 375 Iphikrates and Timotheus......Page 378 Terms of alliance discussed and concluded between Athens and Sparta......Page 379 The Spartan allied army defends the line of Mount Oneium-- Epaminondas breaks through it, and marches into Peloponnesus......Page 381 Sikyon joins the Thebans--Phlius remains faithful to Sparta......Page 383 Reinforcement from Syracuse to Peloponnesus, in aid of Sparta......Page 385 Energetic action and insolence of the Arcadians--Lykomedes animates and leads them on......Page 387 Great influence of Lykomedes......Page 388 Elis tries to recover her supremacy over the Triphylian towns, which are admitted into the Arcadian union, to the great offence of Elis......Page 389 Mission of Philiskus to Greece by Ariobarzanes......Page 390 Political importance of the reconstitution of Messênê, which now becomes the great subject of discord. Messenian victor proclaimed at Olympia......Page 391 Expedition of Pelopidas into Thessaly......Page 393 The Tearless Battle--victory of the Spartan Archidamus over the Arcadians......Page 395 Third expedition of Epaminondas into Peloponnesus--his treatment of the Achæan cities......Page 397 The Thebans reverse the policy of Epaminondas, on complaint of the Arcadians and others. They do not re-elect him Boeotarch......Page 399 Disturbed state of Sikyon--Euphron makes himself despot--his rapacious and sanguinary conduct......Page 401 Sufferings of the Phliasians--their steady adherence to Sparta......Page 403 Assistance rendered to Phlius by the Athenian Chares--surprise of the fort of Thyamia......Page 404 Euphron is expelled from Sikyon by the Arcadians and Thebans --he retires to the harbour, which he surrenders to the Spartans......Page 406 Euphron returns to Sikyon--he goes to Thebes, and is there assassinated......Page 407 They are acquitted by the Theban Senate......Page 410 The Sikyonians recapture their harbour from the Spartans......Page 411 Application of Thebes for Persian countenance to her headship-- mission of Pelopidas and other envoys to Susa......Page 412 Pelopidas obtains from Persia a favourable rescript......Page 414 Protest of the Athenian and Arcadians against the rescript......Page 416 The states convoked at Thebes refuse to receive the rescript. The Arcadian deputies protest against the headship of Thebes......Page 418 The Thebans send the rescript to be received at Corinth: the Corinthians refuse: failure of the Theban object......Page 419 Mission of Pelopidas to Thessaly. He is seized and detained prisoner by Alexander of Pheræ......Page 420 The Thebans despatch an army to rescue Pelopidas. The army, defeated and retreating, is only saved by Epaminondas, then a private man......Page 421 Triumph of Alexander in Thessaly and discredit of Thebes. Harsh treatment of Pelopidas......Page 422 Second Theban army sent into Thessaly, under Epaminondas, for the rescue of Pelopidas, who is at length released by Alexander under a truce......Page 423 Oropus is taken from Athens and placed in the hands of the Thebans. The Athenians recall Chares from Corinth......Page 425 Athens discontented with her Peloponnesian allies; she enters into alliance with Lykomedes and the Arcadians. Death of Lykomedes......Page 427 Epaminondas is sent as envoy into Arcadia; he speaks against Kallistratus......Page 428 Project of the Athenians to seize Corinth: they are disappointed......Page 429 The Corinthians, Epidaurians and others are anxious to make peace. They apply to Sparta......Page 430 Refusal of the Spartans to acknowledge the independence of Messênê; they reproach their allies with consenting......Page 431 Complicated relations between the Grecian states after this peace......Page 433 Athens sends a fresh embassy to the Persian king--altered rescript from him, pronouncing Amphipolis to be an Athenian possession......Page 434 Timotheus sent with a fleet to Asia--Agesilaus--revolt of Ariobarzanes......Page 435 Conquest of Samos by Timotheus......Page 436 Partial re-admission to the Chersonese obtained by Timotheus......Page 438 Samos and the Chersonese--new proprietary acquisitions for Athens. Athenian kleruchs or sellers sent thither as proprietors......Page 439 Difficulties of Athens in establishing her kleruchs in the Chersonese......Page 441 Kotys of Thrace--Timotheus supersedes Iphikrates......Page 442 Timotheus acts with success on the coast of Macedonia and Chalkidikê. He fails at Amphipolis......Page 444 Timotheus acts against Kotys and near th