A history of balance, 1250-1375 : the emergence of a new model of equilibrium and its impact on medieval thought

The Ideal Of Balance And Its Association With What Is Ordered, Just, And Healthful Remained Unchanged Throughout The Medieval Period. The Central Place Allotted To Balance In The Workings Of Nature And Society Also Remained Unchanged. What Changed Within The Culture Of Scholasticism, Between Approximately 1280 And 1360, Was The Emergence Of A Greatly Expanded Sense Of What Balance Is And Can Be. In This Groundbreaking History Of Balance, Joel Kaye Reveals That This New Sense Of Balance And Its Potentialities Became The Basis Of A New Model Of Equilibrium, Shaped And Shared By The Most Acute And Innovative Thinkers Of The Period. Through A Focus On Four Disciplines - Scholastic Economic Thought, Political Thought, Medical Thought, And Natural Philosophy - Kaye's Book Reveals That This New Model Of Equilibrium Opened Up Striking New Vistas Of Imaginative And Speculative Possibility, Making Possible A Profound Re-thinking Of The World And Its Workings.--p. [i]. Introduction. Equality And Equalization In The Economic Sphere -- The Scholastic Discourse On Usury To 1300 -- Equality And Equalization In The Economic Sphere -- The Scholastic Discourse On Price And Value To 1300 -- Balance In Medieval Medical Theory -- The Legacy Of Galen -- Balance In Medieval Medical Theory -- The Scholastic Reception And Refinement Of Galenic Balance To C. 1315 -- Evolving Models Of Equalization In Medieval Political Thought, C. 1250-1325 -- The New Model Of Equilibrium In Medieval Political Thought -- The Defensor Pacis Of Marsilius Of Padua -- The New Model Of Equilibrium In Medieval Political Thought -- The Writings Of Nicole Oresme -- The New Model Of Equilibrium In Scholastic Natural Philosophy, C. 1325-1375. Joel Kaye, Barnard College, Columbia University. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Cover 1 Half-title page 3 Title page 5 Copyright page 6 Contents 7 Illustrations 8 Acknowledgments 9 Introduction 13 1 Equality and equalization in the economic sphere, part 1: The scholastic discourse on usury to 1300 32 2 Equality and equalization in the economic sphere, part 2: The scholastic discourse on price and value to 1300 88 3 Balance in medieval medical theory, part 1: The legacy of Galen 140 4 Balance in medieval medical theory, part 2: The scholastic reception and refinement of Galenic balance to c. 1315 195 5 Evolving models of equalization in medieval political thought, c. 1250–1325 253 6 The new model of equilibrium in medieval political thought, part 1: The Defensor pacis of Marsilius of Padua 311 7 The new model of equilibrium in medieval political thought, part 2: The writings of Nicole Oresme 357 8 The new model of equilibrium in scholastic natural philosophy, c. 1325–1375 410 Conclusion 475 Bibliography 497 Index 524 This groundbreaking history of balance reveals how a new model of equilibrium emerged during the medieval period. Although the ideal of balance and its central place in the workings of nature and society remained unchanged, a greatly expanded sense of what balance is, and can be, developed.