A History of Atmospheric CO2 and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems (Ecological Studies Book 177)

extensive Research In Geology, Atmospheric Science, And Paleontology Provides A Detailed History Of Co2 In The Atmosphere And An Understanding Of Factors That Have Influenced Changes In The Past. This Knowledge Is Used To Illuminate The Role Of Atmospheric Co2 In The Modern Carbon Cycle And In The Evolution Of Plants And Animals. With An Understanding Of The History And Dynamics Of The Biosphere, The Authors Address The Future Role Of Atmospheric Co2 And Its Likely Effects On Ecosystems. This Book Incorporates The Advances Of Various Earth Science, Environmental, And Ecological Fields Into An Overall Account Of Global Change And The Changing Dynamics Of Life On Earth. The Rise of Trees and How They Changed Paleozoic Atmospheric CO 2 , Climate, and Geology....Pages 1-7 Atmospheric CO 2 During the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic: Estimates from Indian Soils....Pages 8-34 Alkenone-Based Estimates of Past CO 2 Levels: A Consideration of Their Utility Based on an Analysis of Uncertainties....Pages 35-61 Atmospheric CO 2 Data from Ice Cores: Four Climatic Cycles....Pages 62-82 Atmospheric CO 2 and 13 CO 2 Exchange with the Terrestrial Biosphere and Oceans from 1978 to 2000: Observations and Carbon Cycle Implications....Pages 83-113 Evolutionary Responses of Land Plants to Atmospheric CO 2 ....Pages 114-132 Cretaceous CO 2 Decline and the Radiation and Diversification of Angiosperms....Pages 133-165 Influence of Uplift, Weathering, and Base Cation Supply on Past and Future CO 2 Levels....Pages 166-184 Atmospheric CO 2 , Environmental Stress, and the Evolution of C 4 Photosynthesis....Pages 185-213 The Influence of Atmospheric CO 2 , Temperature, and Water on the Abundance of C 3 /C 4 Taxa....Pages 214-231 Evolution and Growth of Plants in a Low CO 2 World....Pages 232-257 Environmentally Driven Dietary Adaptations in African Mammals....Pages 258-272 Terrestrial Mammalian Herbivore Response to Declining Levels of Atmospheric CO 2 During the Cenozoic: Evidence from North American Fossil Horses (Family Equidae)....Pages 273-292 CO 2 , Grasses, and Human Evolution....Pages 293-328 The Carbon Cycle over the Past 1000 Years Inferred from the Inversion of Ice Core Data....Pages 329-349 Remembrance of Weather Past: Ecosystem Responses to Climate Variability....Pages 350-368 Effects of Elevated CO 2 on Keystone Herbivores in Modern Arctic Ecosystems....Pages 369-393 Modern and Future Forests in a Changing Atmosphere....Pages 394-414 Modern and Future Semi-Arid and Arid Ecosystems....Pages 415-440 Effects of CO 2 on Plants at Different Timescales....Pages 441-467 Herbivory in a World of Elevated CO 2 ....Pages 468-486 Borehole Temperatures and Climate Change: A Global Perspective....Pages 487-507 Based in extensive research in geology, atmospheric science, and paleontology, this book offers a detailed history of CO2 in the atmosphere, and an understanding of factors that have influenced changes in the past. The text illuminates the role of atmospheric CO2 in the modern carbon cycle and in the evolution of plants and animals, and addresses the future role of atmospheric CO2 and its likely effects on ecosystems. "With an understanding of the history and dynamics of the biosphere, the authors address the future role of atmospheric CO[subscript 2] and its likely effects on ecosystems. This book incorporates the advances of various earth-science, environmental, and ecological fields into an overall account of global change and the changing dynamics of life on Earth."--BOOK JACKET. Large vascular plants with deep, extensive root systems arose and spread over the continents starting about 380 million years ago during the Devonian Period.