A Grammar of Dazaga (Grammars and Sketches of the World's Languages / Africa) (English and Danish Edition)

In A Grammar of Dazaga, Josiah Walters provides the first detailed description and analysis of Dazaga (a Saharan language) in the past half-century. Based on a review of previous work on Dazaga, and with his own more recent data, the author describes the phonology, morphology, and syntax of Dazaga. He provides a new analysis of the categorization of verbs in to classes, demonstrating the prominence of light verb constructions in Dazaga. His analysis of the syntax brings to light several striking features of Dazaga, including optional ergative case marking, mixed alignment of objects, a variety of causative constructions, and verb serialization. Throughout the work, the author relates his findings to work on related languages and to recent typological studies. Contents......Page 7 Preface and Acknowledgements......Page 11 List of Tables......Page 14 List of Figures......Page 16 List of Abbreviations......Page 17 1.1 The Daza People and the Dazaga Language......Page 19 1.2 Objectives and Methodology of the Present Study......Page 22 1.3 Typological Sketch of Dazaga......Page 23 1.4 Explanation of Certain Conventions......Page 26 2.1 Early Minor Works......Page 28 2.2 The Major Works......Page 29 2.3 Recent Minor Works......Page 30 3.1 Consonant Phonemes......Page 33 3.1.1 Phones [b] and [p]......Page 35 3.1.2 Phones [s] and [ʃ]......Page 36 3.1.3 Phones [kw] and [ɡw]......Page 37 3.1.4 Rhotics......Page 38 3.2 Vowel Phonemes......Page 39 3.2.1 Nasalized Vowels......Page 40 3.2.2 [±atr] Vowel Pairs [e,ɛ], [o,ɔ]......Page 41 3.2.3 The Phone [ɨ]......Page 42 3.3 Syllable and Word Structure......Page 43 3.4 Tone......Page 47 3.5 Vowel Harmony......Page 52 3.6.1 Assimilation......Page 54 3.6.2 Dissimilation......Page 55 3.7 Orthography......Page 56 4.1.1.1 Number......Page 58 4.1.1.2 Diminutive......Page 59 4.1.2.1 Number Agreement......Page 60 4.1.2.2 Adjectivizer......Page 61 4.1.3 Pronouns......Page 62 4.1.3.1 Personal Pronouns......Page 63 4.1.3.2 Possessive Pronouns......Page 65 4.1.4 Demonstratives......Page 67 4.1.5 Articles......Page 68 4.1.6 Quantifiers (Including Numerals)......Page 73 4.2 Structure of Noun Phrases......Page 76 5.1 Verb Classes......Page 82 5.2.1 Support for ‘Agreement Affix’ Morpheme Analysis......Page 88 5.2.3 Subject & Object Agreement Patterns......Page 91 5.3 Agreement Morphology of Transitive Verbs......Page 92 5.3.1 Simple Transitive Verbs......Page 93 5.3.2 Transitive Light Verb Constructions......Page 97 5.4 Agreement Morphology of Ditransitive Verbs......Page 101 5.5 Agreement Morphology of Intransitive Verbs......Page 102 5.5.1 Sa (Intransitive) Verbs......Page 103 5.5.2 Sp (Intransitive) Verbs......Page 106 5.6 Aspect......Page 108 5.6.1 Perfective......Page 109 5.6.2 Imperfective......Page 110 5.6.3 Progressive......Page 112 5.7.2 Interrogative......Page 113 5.7.4 Optative......Page 114 5.7.5 Imperative......Page 116 5.7.6 Hortative......Page 118 5.8.2 Reflexive......Page 119 5.8.3 Passive......Page 123 5.9 Suppletive Verb Roots......Page 124 6.1.1 Postpositions......Page 126 6.1.2 Adverbs......Page 131 6.2.1 Ergative Case Enclitic =ɪ̀......Page 134 6.2.2 Accusative Case Enclitic =ɡà......Page 141 6.2.3 Genitive Case Enclitic =ʊ̀, =à, =ŋà......Page 144 6.2.4 Dative Case Enclitic =ɾʊ̀......Page 149 6.3 Basic Verbal Clauses......Page 150 6.3.1 Intransitive Clauses......Page 151 6.3.2 Transitive Clauses......Page 152 6.3.3 Ditransitive Clauses......Page 153 6.4 Non-Verbal Predicates......Page 161 6.4.1 Non-Existential Clauses......Page 162 6.4.1.2 Predicational......Page 163 6.4.1.4 Identificational......Page 165 6.4.2 Existential Clauses......Page 166 7.1 Indicative (Declarative)......Page 169 7.2 Pro-Sentences......Page 170 7.3.1 Standard Negation......Page 171 7.3.2 Non-Standard Negation......Page 173 7.4 Imperatives, Hortatives, and Optatives......Page 175 7.5.2 Content Questions......Page 178 7.6 Marked Topic (Left-Dislocation)......Page 183 7.7 Focus......Page 186 8.1.1 Phrasal Coordination......Page 191 8.2.1 Complement Clauses......Page 200 8.2.2 Causative Constructions......Page 205 8.2.2.1 Causative Constructions with Simple Verbs......Page 206 8.2.2.1.1 Causatives Constructions with Intransitive Simple Verbs......Page 207 8.2.2.1.2 Causatives Constructions with Transitive Simple Verbs......Page 208 8.2.2.1.3 Causative SVCs......Page 210 8.2.2.1.4 Ingestive Causatives......Page 211 8.2.2.2.1 Causative LVCs with Singular Causees......Page 212 8.2.2.2.3 Transitive LVCs and Grammatical Relations......Page 214 8.2.3.4 Aspect of Relative Clause Verbs......Page 229 8.2.4 Adverbial Clauses......Page 230 8.3 Serial Verb Constructions......Page 233 9.1 Typologically Unusual Features of Dazaga......Page 243 9.2 Areas for Further Research......Page 244 Appendix: Supplemental Text and Sentences......Page 245 References......Page 293 Subject Index......Page 309 In A Grammar Of Dazaga, Josiah Walters Provides A Detailed Description Of Dazaga, A Saharan Language. Based On Recent Data, The Author Describes The Phonology, Morphology, And Syntax Of Dazaga, Relating His Findings To Related Languages And Recent Typological Studies. Introduction -- Literature Review -- Phonology -- Nouns And Noun Phrase Constituents -- Verbs -- Structure Of The Simple Clause -- Sentence Types -- Clause Combinations -- Conclusion. By Josiah K. Walters. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.