A Grammar of Creek (Muskogee) (Studies in the Anthropology of North American Indians)

Creek (or Muskogee) is a Muskogean language spoken by several thousand members of the Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole nations of Oklahoma and by several hundred members of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. This volume is the first modern grammar of Creek, compiled by a leading authority on the languages of the southern United States. Intended for scholars, students, and Creek instructors, this reference grammar describes all the major morphological and syntactic patterns in the language. Special attention is given to pitch accent and tone, active agreement, locative prefixes, tense, aspect, and switch reference. The description covers several hundred years of documentation and draws heavily on materials written by Creek speakers. It is likely to be the definitive source on the language for years to come. Frontmatter Illustrations Tables (page xv) Figures (page xvii) Maps (page xvii) Foreword (page xix) Acknowledgments (page xxi) Abbreviations and conventions Abbreviations in glosses of Creek examples (page xxiii) Other grammatical abbreviations (page xxiv) Conventions (page xxv) Abbreviations for sources of examples (page xxv) The language and its speakers 1 Creek and the Creek-speaking peoples (page 3) 2 Overview of the language (page 21) 3 Creek dialects and ways of speaking (page 38) Phonology 4 Phonemes (page 47) 5 General phonological processes (page 62) 6 The organization of phonemes into higher units (page 70) 7 Stress and tone in nouns (page 75) 8 Stress, tone, and grades in verbs (page 83) 9 Orthography (page 101) Nouns and their modifiers 10 Nominalization (page 107) 11 Compounding (page 114) 12 Plural nouns (page 127) 13 Size (page 131) 14 Possession (page 133) 15 Pronouns (page 142) 16 Postpositions (page 147) 17 Noun forms with adverbial function (page 149) 18 Adjectival nouns (quantifiers) (page 151) Verbs and their modifiers 19 Locative prefixes (page 155) 20 Agreement (page 168) 21 Reflexives and reciprocals (page 179) 22 Adding objects: dative and instrumental (page 183) 23 Plural verbs (page 197) 24 Voice alternations: middle -k-, causative -ic and -ipeyc- (page 214) 25 Impersonals (page 228) 26 Degree (page 233) 27 Verb forms with adverbial function (page 238) 28 Aspect (page 241) 29 Expressing time: tense and related notions (page 257) 30 Negation (page 281) 31 Mood (page 284) 32 'Be', auxiliaries, and modality (page 298) 33 Numbers and quantifiers (page 313) 34 Describing motion and direction (page 323) 35 Existence (page 328) 36 Sound-symbolic verbs (page 333) Discourse markers 37 Case and switch-reference markers (page 337) 38 Focus of attention clitic (page 357) 39 Referential clitic (page 360) 40 Other markers (page 364) Syntax 41 Word order and basic syntax (page 371) 42 Clause types (page 387) 43 Interpreting pronouns, reflexives, and reciprocals (page 407) 44 Style (page 416) Appendices Appendix 1: Paradigms (page 423) Appendix 2: Texts (page 436) Appendix 3: List of common affixes (page 445) References (page 455) Index (page 469) Jack B. Martin ; With The Assistance Of Margaret Mckane Mauldin And Juanita Mcgirt. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [455]-467) And Index. Text In English And Creek. A sourcebook of grammatical constructions in the Creek (Muskogee) language.