A Global Perspective on Young People as Offenders and Victims: First Results from the ISRD3 Study (SpringerBriefs in Criminology)

This Brief presents the first major release of findings from the Third International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3). ISRD is a major international research collaboration that now covers some 35 countries. It surveys young people aged 12 to 16 in their schools, asking about their experience of crime – both as offenders and as victims – and about their attitudes to crime and justice and about their home and school life. ISRD1 was carried out in 1991-1992 and ISRD2 in 2006-2008. ISRD findings presented here cover the 27 ISRD3 countries for which data are already available, with a total sample approaching 63,000 young people. For most of these countries, the samples are drawn from two major cities. This volume provides key findings on self-reported offending and on victimization. Chapter 1 set the scene, and describes the background to ISRD3. Chapter 2 describes the methods used in the survey; respondents complete the ISRD questionnaire either in paper format or – increasingly – using a standardized internet program. Chapter 3 covers key findings on self-reported offending, including the important finding that preparedness to disclose offending varies according to cultural context. Chapter 4 presents findings on victimization, including important new findings on hate crime and the use of parental violence, as well as coverage of more conventional forms of crime. A final chapter summarizes the results and draws out their implications. This Brief will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as sociology, public policy, and psychology. Due to the groundbreaking methodological analyses provided, this Brief is essential reading to all who conduct or use internationally comparative and global survey research. Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 9 Contents 10 About the Authors 12 Chapter 1: Introduction to the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3) 14 1.1 ISRD1: The First Pioneering Effort (1991–1992) 14 1.2 ISRD2: Striving to Maximize Standardization (2006–2008) 15 1.3 ISRD3: Continuing to Build on a Solid Foundation (2012–2017) 17 1.4 Key Issues in ISRD3 First Findings in Brief 18 Chapter 2: Methodology and Description of the Sample 20 2.1 Sampling 23 2.1.1 Description of the Sample 23 2.1.2 Weighting and the Problem of Clustered Data 24 2.1.3 A School-Based Survey 25 2.2 The ISRD3 Questionnaire 27 2.2.1 Content and Structure of ISRD3 Questionnaire 28 2.2.2 Paper-and-Pencil and Computerized (Online) Versions 28 2.2.3 Length of Questionnaire 29 2.2.4 Translation of Questionnaire 29 2.2.5 Timing of Data Collection 29 2.3 ISRD Data: Proceed with Caution 30 Chapter 3: Self-Reported Offending in Global Surveys: A Stocktaking 32 3.1 Self-Reported Delinquency Estimates Should Not Be Directly Compared Across Nations 32 3.2 Response Integrity Question: The Crosswise Model as a Method to Gauge Social Desirability 34 3.3 Impact of Social Desirability on Self-Report Estimates of Offending 35 3.4 Social Desirability: Additional Findings 38 3.4.1 The Openness Question 38 3.4.2 Human Development Index 38 3.5 Self-Report Measures of Offending in Comparative Research: An Assessment 41 Chapter 4: Young People as Victims of Crime 42 4.1 Measures of Victimization and Police Notification 42 4.1.1 Victimization Measures 43 4.1.2 Police Notification Measures 44 4.1.3 Statistics 51 4.1.4 Country Clusters 52 4.2 “Core Crimes”: Robbery, Assault, and Theft 57 4.2.1 Robbery 57 4.2.2 Assault 59 4.2.3 Theft 59 4.2.4 Core Crimes: How Do Country Clusters Differ? 60 4.2.5 Police Notification of Core Crimes: How Do Country Clusters Differ? 60 4.2.6 Is Police Notification Related to Perceptions of the Police? 63 4.3 Cyberbullying 66 4.4 Hate Crime Victimization 67 4.5 The Problem of Parental Violence 68 4.5.1 Country-Level Association Between Parental Physical Force and Maltreatment 72 4.5.2 Country-Level Association Between Human Development Index and Child Maltreatment 73 4.6 Takeaway Points on Victimization 77 Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusions 78 5.1 Methodological Reflections 79 5.2 Victimization of Youth: The Global Perspective 80 5.3 Reporting to the Police Reflects Aspects of Crime, Not Trust 81 5.4 Domestic Violence Against Children 82 5.5 ISRD3: A Work in Progress 83 Appendix 1: ISRD3 Victimization Questions 84 Appendix 2: ISRD3 Self-Reported Delinquency Questions 85 References 86 Index 94 Front Matter ....Pages i-xiv Introduction to the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3) (Dirk Enzmann, Janne Kivivuori, Ineke Haen Marshall, Majone Steketee, Mike Hough, Martin Killias)....Pages 1-6 Methodology and Description of the Sample (Dirk Enzmann, Janne Kivivuori, Ineke Haen Marshall, Majone Steketee, Mike Hough, Martin Killias)....Pages 7-18 Self-Reported Offending in Global Surveys: A Stocktaking (Dirk Enzmann, Janne Kivivuori, Ineke Haen Marshall, Majone Steketee, Mike Hough, Martin Killias)....Pages 19-28 Young People as Victims of Crime (Dirk Enzmann, Janne Kivivuori, Ineke Haen Marshall, Majone Steketee, Mike Hough, Martin Killias)....Pages 29-64 Summary and Conclusions (Dirk Enzmann, Janne Kivivuori, Ineke Haen Marshall, Majone Steketee, Mike Hough, Martin Killias)....Pages 65-70 Back Matter ....Pages 71-85 This title presents the first major release of findings from the Third International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3). ISRD is a major international research collaboration that now covers some 35 countries. It surveys young people aged 12 to 16 in their schools, asking about their experience of crime - both as offenders and as victims - and about their attitudes to crime and justice and about their home and school life. ISRD1 was carried out in 1991-1992 and ISRD2 in 2006-2008. ISRD findings presented here cover the 27 ISRD3 countries for which data are already available, with a total sample approaching 63,000 young people. For most of these countries, the samples are drawn from two major cities. This volume provides key findings on self-reported offending and on victimisation