A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Enlightenment (The Cultural Histories Series)

A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Enlightenment covers the period 1650 to 1800, a period often seen as a time of decline in sporting practice and literature. In fact, a rich sporting culture existed and sports were practised by both men and women at all levels of society. The Enlightenment called into question many of the earlier notions of religion, gender, and rank which had previously shaped sporting activities and also initiated the commercialization, professionalization and associativity which were to define modern sport. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Sport presents the first comprehensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport and its ever-changing social, cultural, political, and economic context and impact. The themes covered in each volume are the purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion and segregation; minds, bodies and identities; representation. Rebekka von Mallinckrodt is Professor at the University of Bremen, Germany. Volume 4 in the Cultural History of Sport set General Editors: Wray Vamplew, Mark Dyreson, and John McClelland Cover page 1 Halftitle page 2 Series page 3 Title page 4 Copyright page 5 CONTENTS 6 ILLUSTRATIONS 8 SERIES PREFACE 12 Introduction 14 VIETH’S COSMOS: THE ENCYKLOPÄDIE DER LEIBESÜBUNGEN (ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE), 1794–1818 18 SPORT, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, OR TRADITIONAL GAMES? 25 SPORT—A TYPICALLY ENGLISH INSTITUTION? 29 CONCLUSION 38 CHAPTER ONE The Purpose of Sport 42 HOW CAN WE SHED LIGHT ON SPORTING PURPOSE? 42 THE PURPOSES OF ENLIGHTENMENT SPORT 46 TWO CASE STUDIES: HUNTING AND BULLBAITING 57 CONCLUSION 62 CHAPTER TWO Sporting Time and Sporting Space 64 WORKING TIME—LEISURE TIME—SPORTS TIME 66 SPORTING SPACE 75 CONCLUSION 88 CHAPTER THREE Products, Training, and Technology 90 INDUSTRIALIZATION AND COMMODIFICATION 91 PATRONAGE, PRIVATE AND PUBLIC PROVISION 94 PROFESSIONAL SPORTSMEN AND ENTREPRENEURS 101 PEDAGOGY, TRAINING, AND INSTRUCTION 105 CONCLUSION 109 CHAPTER FOUR Rules and Order 112 ORIGINS OF RULES 113 PROFESSIONALIZATION OF SPORTS 115 RULES OF BALL GAMES 116 RACING 118 ATHLETIC SPORTS: GYMNASTICS 119 FENCING, WRESTLING, BOXING 120 BLOOD SPORTS: BULLFIGHTING, BEARBAITING, COCKFIGHTING, ETC. 122 ARISTOCRATIC SPORTS: TOURNAMENT, RIDING, HUNTING, HAWKING, DANCING, SHOOTING 123 WATER SPORTS AND WINTER SPORTS 124 GENERAL TRENDS 126 CHAPTER FIVE Conflict and Accommodation 130 RECREATIONAL SPORTS: A RITUALISTIC EXPRESSION OF CONFLICT 131 TOWARDS A REGULATION OF RECREATIONAL CONFLICT 136 CAN WE TALK ABOUT A “SPORTIFICATION” OF CONFLICT? 142 CHAPTER SIX Inclusion, Exclusion, and Segregation 150 GENDER 151 RACE 160 RANK AND CLASS 166 CONCLUSION 171 CHAPTER SEVEN Minds, Bodies, and Identities 174 NAMING SPORTS AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES 175 PRESCRIBING A DOSE OF NATURE 176 FROM PHILOSOPHY TO PEDAGOGY 177 TRANSITIONS AND DEMARCATIONS: GENDER, AGE, AND STATUS 181 PERFECTING THE HUMAN SPECIES 183 CONCLUSION 187 CHAPTER EIGHT Representation 188 REPRESENTING THE SPORTS OF THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD 189 GENRES AND TRADITIONS 194 THE USES OF REPRESENTATIONS 200 SPORTS AS REPRESENTATION 206 BIBLIOGRAPHY 210 CONTRIBUTORS 240 INDEX 244 From gladiatorial combat to knightly tournaments and from hunting to games and gambling, sport has been central to human culture. A Cultural History of Sport presents the first extensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport. Chapter titles are identical across each of the volumes. This gives the choice of reading about a specific period in one of the volumes, or following a theme across history by reading the relevant chapter in each of the six. The themes (and chapter titles) are: The Purpose of Sport; Sporting Time and Sporting Space; Products, Training and Technology; Rules and Order; Conflict and Accommodation; Inclusion, Exclusion and Segregation; Minds, Bodies and Identities; Representation. The six volumes cover: 1 - Antiquity (800 BCE to 600 CE); 2 - Medieval Age (600 to 1450); 3 - Renaissance (1450 to 1650); 4 - Age of Enlightenment (1650 to 1800); 5 - Age of Industry (1800 to 1920); 6 - Modern Age (1920 to present). The page extent for the pack is approximately 1776pp. Each volume opens with Notes on Contributors and an Introduction and concludes with Notes, Bibliography, and an Index. A Cultural History of Sport is part of The Cultural Histories Series. Titles are available both as printed hardcover sets for libraries needing just one subject or preferring a one-off purchase and tangible reference for their shelves, or as part of a fully-searchable digital library available to institutions by annual subscription or on perpetual access (see www.bloomsburyculturalhistory.com) A cultural history of sports in the age of Enlightenment covers the period 1650 to 1800, a period often seen as a time of decline in sporting practice and literature. In fact, a rich sporting culture existed and sports were practised by both men and women at all levels of society. The Enlightenment call into question many of the earlier notions of religion, gender, and rank which had previously shaped sporting activities and also initiated the commercialization, professionalization, and associativity which were to define modern sport. A Cultural History of Sport presents the first extensive history from classical antiquity to today, covering all forms and aspects of sport. Chapter titles are identical across each of the volumes. This gives the choice of reading about a specific period in one of the volumes, or following a theme across history by reading the relevant chapter in each of the six. The themes (and chapter titles) are: The purpose of sport; sporting time and sporting space; products, training and technology; rules and order; conflict and accommodation; inclusion, exclusion and segregation; minds, bodies and identities; representation