A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century (The Cultural Histories Series)

A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century covers the period from 1815 to 1914 and the birth of modern chemistry. The elaboration of atomic theory - and new ideas of periodicity, structure, bonding, and equilibrium - emerged in tandem with new instruments and practices. The chemical industry expanded exponentially, fuelled by an increasing demand for steel, aluminium, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. And the chemical laboratory became established in its two distinct modern settings of the university and industry. At the turn of the century, the discovery of radioactivity took hold of the public imagination, drawing chemistry closer to physics, even as it threatened to undermine the whole concept of atomism. The six-volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Peter J. Ramberg is Professor of the History of Science at Truman State University, USA. A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century is the fifth volume in the six-volume set, A Cultural History of Chemistry , also available online as part of Bloomsbury Cultural History, a fully-searchable digital library (see www.bloomsburyculturalhistory.com). General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA. A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century covers the period from 1815 to 1914 and the birth of modern chemistry. The elaboration of atomic theory - and new ideas of periodicity, structure, bonding, and equilibrium - emerged in tandem with new instruments and practices. The chemical industry expanded exponentially, fuelled by an increasing demand for steel, aluminium, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. And the chemical laboratory became established in its two distinct modern settings of the university and industry. At the turn of the century, the discovery of radioactivity took hold of the public imagination, drawing chemistry closer to physics, even as it threatened to undermine the whole concept of atomism. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Peter J. Ramberg is Professor of the History of Science at Truman State University, USA. Volume 5 in the Cultural History of Chemistry set.General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA. Cover 1 Contents 6 List of Illustrations 8 List of Tables 12 Series Preface 13 Introduction: Creating Modern Chemistry Peter J. Ramberg 16 1 Theory and Concepts: Atomism, Structure, and Affinity Trevor Levere 56 2 Practice and Experiment: Analysis, Synthesis, and Paper Tools Yoshiyuki Kikuchi 82 3 Laboratories and Technology: Continuity and Ingenuity in the Workplace Amy A. Fisher 106 4 Culture and Science: Chemistry Spreads Its Influence Agustí Nieto-Galan and Peter J. Ramberg 132 5 Society and Environment: Increased Access for Women, Growing Consumerism, and Emerging Regulation Peter Reed 154 6 Trade and Industry: New Demands, New Processes, and the Emergence of Science-Based Chemical Industry Anthony S. Travis 182 7 Learning and Institutions: Emergence of Laboratory-Based Learning, Research Schools, and Professionalization Peter Reed 206 8 Art and Representation: The Rise of the “Mad Scientist” Joachim Schummer 232 Notes 254 Bibliography 256 List of contributors 275 Index 276 "A Cultural History of Chemistry in Antiquity covers the period from 3000 BCE to 600 CE, ranging across the civilizations of the Mediterranean and Near East. Over this long period, chemical artisans, recipes, and ideas were exchanged between Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phoenicia, Greece, Rome, and Byzantium. The flowering of alchemy in the Middle and Early Modern Ages had its roots in the chemical arts of antiquity. This study presents the first synthesis of this epoch, examining the centrality of intense exchange and interconnectivity to the discovery and development of sources, techniques, materials, and instruments"-- The volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume and theory and concepts ; practice and experiment ; laboratories and technology ; culture and science ; society and enviroment ; trade and industry ; learning and institutions ; art and representation